上海市虹口区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

PAGEPAGE1上海市虹口区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryoubearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Hewillbepunished.B.Helenthisbooktohisclassmate.C.Heisn’tpreparedforthetest.D.Hehasn’treturnedhisbook.2.A.Excited.B.Tired.C.Worried.D.Frightened.3.A.Hedidn’tpassthelastexamB.HedidbetterinthelastexamC.Heisworriedaboutthecomingexam.D.Hewillpassthecomingexam.4.A.Forfashionpurposes.B.Forcoolerappearance.C.Foreyeprotection.D.Forindooractivities.5.A.At4:00.B.At4:40.C.At4:50.D.At4:30.6.A.Totryhisluckatanotherrestaurant.B.TobookatableforTuesday.C.Tobookasmallertable.D.Tocancelhisdinnerplans.7.A.Hedoesn’tbehavehimselfatschool.B.Hewon’tgraduatethissummer.C.Heistooyoungtorunacompany.D.Heputshisknowledgeintouse8.A.Theticketpriceismuchtoohigh.B.Jackmissedtheshowbecauseit’snotpopularC.It’ssurprisingthatJackmissedthepopularshow.D.Jackiscrazyaboutmusicals.9.A.Shewillgotothecountrysidewiththeman.B.ShewillstayathomeforabouttwoweeksC.Shewillwriteforasciencenewspaper.D.Shewillworkonherscienceproject.10.A.Hewouldliketomakedecisionshimself.B.Heisalreadygoodatplayingthepiano.C.Heistoooldtotakethepianocourse.D.HehatesgoingtothepianocourseSectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillhearoneshortpassageandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsonthepassageandtheconversation.Thepassageandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Fewerthanfiveminutes.B.Fivetotenminutes.C.Aslongaspossible.D.Morethantenminutes.12.A.Fireyourimagination.B.Getmoreeconomicprofits.C.Showrespecttotheoldestfamilymembers.D.Recognizemorefamilymembers.13.A.Whatafamilyreunionmeans.B.Agoodbeginningofafamilyreunion.C.Howtomakeafamilyreunionspecial.D.Themostimportantactivityofafamilyreunion.Questions14through17arebasedonthefollowingconversation14.A.IntheMainHallB.InClassroom5.C.InDirector’sOffice.D.IntheMainOffice.15.A.Awelcomingspeechandactivities.B.Thecoursesandvariousservices.C.Thecoursesandtheirrequirements.D.Variousactivitiesandtherequirements.16.A.TheDirectorofStudies.B.TheStudentAdvisor.C.Theheadoftheschool.D.ThestaffintheMainOffice.17.A.TheywillbeplacedtodifferentEnglishclasses.B.Theywillasksomequestionsaboutprojects.C.TheywillbepreparedfortheEnglishtest.D.Theywillreceivealanguageabilitytest.〖答案〗1-10：CBACDBDCDA11-13:BDC14-17:ACBDⅡ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence1.Thisisthefirsttimethatthewholeprocessofablackhole_______eatingastar,fromitsfirsttonearlyfinalbites.A.wasseen B.hasbeenseen C.hasseen D.hadseen〖答案〗B【详析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这是第一次观测到黑洞吞噬恒星的整个过程，从它的第一口到几乎最后一口。Thisisthefirsttimethat...表示“这是第一次……”，that引导的从句中使用现在完成时，从句主语“process”和动词“see”之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故选B。2.Theexpression_______herfaceand_______hereyesisnow_______words.A.in,on,under B.in,in,over C.on,from,by D.on,in,beyond〖答案〗D【详析】考查介词搭配。句意：她脸上和眼睛里的表情已经无法用言语形容了。第一空表示“在脸上”应用onone’sface；第二空表示“在眼里”短语为inone’seyes；第三空表示“无法形容”短语为beyondwords。故选D。3.Heistheonlyoneofthebeststudentswho_______chosentotakepartinthecompetitionsofar.A.is B.are C.havebeen D.hasbeen〖答案〗D【详析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，他是唯一一个被选中参加比赛的优秀学生。A项是一般现在时，谓语动词单数形式；B项是一般现在时，谓语动词复数形式；C项是现在完成时，谓语动词复数形式；D项是现在完成时，谓语动词单数形式。分析句子可知，空格处为定语从句的谓语部分，先行词one是被theonly限定，从句谓语动词应使用单数形式；根据句意，从句应使用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D项。4.Feelingfearfulishealthy________ithelpsyouslowdownandevaluaterisksproperly.A.because B.until C.before D.although〖答案〗A【详析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：感到恐惧是有益于健康的，因为它能帮助你慢下来，正确评估风险。A.because因为；B.until直到；C.before在……之前；D.although虽然。根据语境，主句提到healthy（有益于健康的），连词引导的从句部分则在具体描述为何说是有益于健康的，这是一个原因状语从句，适用because（因为）引导，故选A。5.Johnshowedmethephotoandsaid,“Thisistheverygallery_______wevisitedlastmonth,notthefactory_______fatherworkedlastyear.”A.which;that B.that;that C.that;where D.which;where〖答案〗C【详析】考查定语从句。句意：约翰给我看了照片，说：“这就是我们上个月参观的画廊，不是爸爸去年工作的工厂。”第一空定语从句修饰先行词gallery，在从句作宾语，且由thevery修饰只能用that引导；第二空定语从句修饰先行词factory，在从句作地点状语，应用where引导。故选C。6.Ourparentsoftentoldusinthepastthat_______isbelieving.A.tosee B.seeing C.see D.tobeseen〖答案〗B【详析】考查动名词。句意：我们的父母过去常告诉我们眼见为实。呼应表语believing，此处应用动名词seeing作主语；seeingisbelieving“眼见为实”，动名词作主语。故选B项。7.Mybestfriendisaboyfroma(n)_______mountainousarea.A.distant B.varying C.disgusting D.extinct〖答案〗A【详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友是一个来自遥远山区的男孩。A.distant遥远的；B.varying不同的；C.disgusting令人反感的；D.extinct灭绝的。根据后文“mountainousarea”指来自遥远山区。故选A。8.Incross-culturalcommunication,misunderstandingsarealwayscausedbyeachother’scultural_______.A.range B.involvement C.unfamiliarity D.respect〖答案〗C【详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在跨文化交际中，误解往往是由于彼此的文化不熟悉而引起的。A.range范围；B.involvement参与；C.unfamiliarity不熟悉；D.respect尊敬。根据Incross-culturalcommunication,misunderstandingsarealwayscaused及常识可知，误解往往是由于彼此的文化不熟悉而引起的。故选C项。9.Anyway,don’tgivein.I’msurethetemporary_______shouldnotbotheryoutoolong.A.expectation B.setback C.exchange D.awareness〖答案〗B【详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，不要屈服。我相信暂时的挫折不会困扰你太久。A.expectation期待；B.setback挫折；C.exchange交换；D.awareness意识。根据don’tgivein可知，此处为名词setback“挫折”，满足句意要求。故选B项。10.Thesummersolsticemarksthelongestdayinthenorthernhemisphere(北半球).The_______usedtobeanimportantancientChinesefestival.A.tradition B.climate C.location D.occasion〖答案〗D【详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：夏至标志着北半球白昼最长的一天。这个时候曾经是中国古代一个重要的节日。A.tradition传统；B.climate气候；C.location位置；D.occasion（某事发生的）时刻，时候。根据句意可知，夏至标志着北半球白昼最长的一天。这个时候曾经是中国古代一个重要的节日。故选D项。11.Animalsinzoosmust_______differentclimatesandseasonsinrelationtowheretheycomefrom.A.adjustto B.dependon C.referto D.takeon〖答案〗A【详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：动物园里的动物必须根据它们来自的地方来适应不同的气候和季节。A.adjustto调整、适应；B.dependon依靠；C.referto提及；D.takeon承担。动物园里的动物来自不同地方，要想生存下去，就要调整状态适应不同的气候和季节。故选A项。12.HisEnglishsoundsfairlynative,sowheredidhe_______hisEnglish?A.learnabout B.huntfor C.pickup D.giveaway〖答案〗C【详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的英语听起来相当地道，他的英语是从哪里学来的？A.learnabout了解；B.huntfor寻找；C.pickup习得，学会；D.giveaway捐赠。根据HisEnglishsoundsfairlynative可知，此处为动词短语pickup“习得”，满足句意要求。故选C项。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Venice,oneofEurope’smosthistorical,romantic,anduniquecities,isindangerofdrowning—notinoneofitsfamedcanalsbutundertheweightofpeople.Since1980,therehavebeenmoretouriststhanresidentsinVeniceandrightatpresentthenumber_____13_____(climb)rapidly.Astouristsarrive,sodobusinessestosupportthem.Small,localstoresarebeingreplacedbysouvenirshopsandfast-foodjoints;Lately,accommodations_____14_____(transform)toAirbnbs,drivingthecostoflivinghereforeverupwards.Aslocalsleavethecity,thevacuum(真空)isfilledwithyet_____15_____(much)touristinvestmentandbeforeyouknowit,thecharmandcultureofoldVenicethatattractedushereinthefirstplacehasbeentransformedandlost.It’snowonderthat_____16_____WorldHeritageCommitteehasmadeaplantoadd“VeniceanditsLagoon”toitsWorldHeritageinDangerlist.Veniceisnotalone.CroatianfavouriteDubrovnik,withhistoryandculturalexcellence,issufferingthesamefate.Therewere5,000residentsin1991,butin2017only1,157peoplewerelivingintheOldTown_____17_____itbecameovercrowdedwithtouristsandbusinessesfloodingtothem.DubrovnikisaconvenientstopforcruiseshipsmovingaroundthewatersoftheAdriaticanditspopularityhasgrownfurtherfollowingthesuccessofGameofThrones,_____18_____wasfilmedthere.Manypopularlocationshavestartedtoapplystrategies_____19_____(fight)therisingtideoftourismusingacombinationoflegislationandfinancialinstruments.Barcelonaislimitingthenumberoflicensesfortouristaccommodation_____20_____reducingthenumberofcruiseshipsallowedtodock(停泊).AsmallernumberoftouristsareallowedtovisittheOldTownand_____21_____willneedtopayacityentryfee.Thetouristtaxisbeingincreasedtoapricehigherthan______22______(expect).Venicehasrecentlyintroducedatouristfeetodiscourageday-trippers.〖答案〗13.isclimbing14.havebeentransformed15.more16.the17.as/since/because18.which19.tofight20.aswellas21.they22.expected【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了威尼斯，这个欧洲历史最悠久、最浪漫、最独特的城市之一，正面临着“溺水”的危险——不是被它著名的运河淹没，而是被人的数量淹没。自1980年以来，威尼斯的游客数量就超过了当地居民，目前这一数字还在迅速攀升。【13题详析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自1980年以来，威尼斯的游客数量就超过了当地居民，目前这一数字还在迅速攀升。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据atpresent可知，此处应为表示正在进行的动作，为现在进行时，主语thenumber为单数意义，谓语动词用单数。故填isclimbing。【14题详析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：最近，这里的住宿设施被改造成了Airbnbs，导致这里的生活成本永远在上升。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据Lately可知，此处应为现在完成时，主语accommodations和动词transform为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态。故填havebeentransformed。【15题详析】考查形容词比较级。句意：随着当地人离开这座城市，更多的旅游投资填补了这个真空，在你意识到之前，最初吸引我们来到这里的老威尼斯的魅力和文化已经改变并消失了。根据句意可知，此处为much的比较级more“更多的”，满足句意要求。故填more。【16题详析】考查冠词。句意：难怪世界遗产委员会计划将“威尼斯及其泻湖”列入《世界濒危遗产名录》。此处为表示特指概念，应用定冠词the，theWorldHeritageCommittee“世界遗产委员会”。故填the。【17题详析】考查原因状语从句。句意：1991年有5000名居民，但2017年只有1157人住在老城区，因为游客和企业涌入，老城区变得拥挤不堪。分析句子可知，此处为连词as/since/because“因为”引导原因状语从句。故填as/since/because。【18题详析】考查定语从句。句意：杜布罗夫尼克是游览亚得里亚海的游轮的方便停靠地，随着《权力的游戏》在这里取景的成功，杜布罗夫尼克的受欢迎程度进一步提高。分析句子可知，此处引导的非限制性定语从句，代替先行词Dubrovnik在从句中作主语成分，应用关系代词which。故填which。【19题详析】考查动词不定式。句意：许多受欢迎的地方已经开始运用立法和金融手段相结合的策略来对抗日益高涨的旅游业。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式todo表示“为了……”，作目的状语。故填tofight。【20题详析】考查固定短语。句意：巴塞罗那正在限制旅游住宿许可证的数量，并减少获准停靠的游轮数量。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语aswellas表示“同时，也”。故填aswellas。【21题详析】考查代词。句意：少数游客被允许参观老城区，他们需要支付城市入场费。根据句意可知，此处应用代词they指代上文中提到的复数名词Asmallernumberoftourists“少数游客”作主语。故填they。【22题详析】考查省略用法。句意：旅游税被提高到比预期更高的价格。分析句子可知，此处为than引导的比较状语从句的省略用法，这里的thanexpected是thanitis(was)expected的省略。故填expected。SectionCDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.reminderB.partnerC.non-fictionD.settingE.survivalF.acknowledgesG.tastesH.symbolicI.valueJ.meaningK.graspsWhatmakestheperfectwinterread?Astheweatherturnsandtheskydarkens,autumnandwintercanoftenfeelliketheperfecttimeforcurlingupwithagoodbook.ButIwonderifit’sjustmewhofindsthatmyreading____23____seemtochangealongwiththeseasons?ThebooksImightchoosetoreadinsomesunnygardenareverydifferentfromtheonesIwantwhenthewindisblowingoutsideandafewprecioushoursofwaterydaylightarethebestwecanhopefor.Ialways____24____writingthatevokes(唤起)timeandplace,andinthemidstofthecoldest,darkestpartoftheyear,Iwantmorethaneverforabooktobe“aballoflight”inmyhands,asEzraPoundfamouslyonceputit—a(n)____25____oflifeandlove.Ialsoneedacertaindegreeofcomfortnessinawinterread—somethingthatwillkeepmewarmwhentheweatherwon’t!Givemegothic(哥特式的)buildinginthesnow,withheroineswhosepassionsburnbrightly.Orletmeescapecompletely,intosomefantasy____26____—butI’dstilllikemyforestsicyandpinesmelling.Givemestoriesof____27____andre-birth.Remindmethatthistimeofyearhas____28____,too.KatherineMay’sbeautiful,poeticdeepthoughtontheseason,Wintering,doespreciselythis.Seemingly,it’s____29____,combiningaspectsofherlifewithmoreuniversalthoughtsonhowwemightwinterwell.Butthere’salyrical(抒情的),____30____qualitytothewritingthatconfusesplainconceptslike“genre”.She____31____thatinwinterweneeddifferenttoolstogetusthroughtheseasonanditalsooffersonesuchtool,sinceWinteringitselfistheperfectguidebookand_____32_____toseeyouthroughuntilspring.That’swhybooksthathelpmeseethebeautyoftheseasonwillalwaysbehighonmylistofwinterreads.〖答案〗23.G24.I25.A26.D27.E28.J29.C30.H31.F32.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么才是完美的冬季阅读。【23题详析】考查名词。句意：但我想知道，是否只有我发现自己的阅读品味似乎随着季节而变化？分析句子可知，空后seemtodo为动词短语，此处应为名词作主语成分，tastes为名词，和空前的reading构成名词短语readingtastes“阅读品味”，符合句意。故选G项。【24题详析】考查动词。句意：我一直很看重能唤起时间和地点的作品，在一年中最寒冷、最黑暗的时候，我比以往任何时候都更希望一本书能像埃兹拉·庞德(EzraPound)那句名言所说的那样，成为我手中的“一团光”，提醒我生活和爱。分析句子可知，此处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，value“重视”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。【25题详析】考查名词。句意：我一直很看重能唤起时间和地点的作品，在一年中最寒冷、最黑暗的时候，我比以往任何时候都更希望一本书能像埃兹拉·庞德(EzraPound)那句名言所说的那样，成为我手中的“一团光”，提醒我生活和爱。分析句子可知，空前为冠词a(n)，此处应为名词形式，reminder“提醒的事物”为名词，符合句意。故选A项。【26题详析】考查名词。句意：或者让我完全逃离，进入一些幻想的环境——但我仍然喜欢我的森林冰冷，散发着松树的气味。分析句子可知，空前为形容词fantasy，此处应为名词形式，setting“环境”为名词，符合句意。故选D项。【27题详析】考查名词。句意：给我讲讲生存和重生的故事。分析句子可知，空后and连接的re-birth为名词，此处也应为名词形式，构成并列名词短语作空前介词of的宾语成分，survival“生存”为名词，符合句意。故选E项。【28题详析】考查名词。句意：提醒我，每年的这个时候也有意义。分析句子可知，空前为谓语动词has，此处应为名词作宾语成分，meaning“意义”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。【29题详析】考查名词。句意：从表面上看，这是一部纪实小说，结合了她生活的方方面面，以及我们如何过冬的更普遍的想法。分析句子可知，空前为系动词is，此处应为名词作句子的表语成分，non-fiction“纪实小说”为名词，符合句意。故选C项。【30题详析】考查形容词。句意：但这些作品有一种抒情的、象征性的品质，混淆了“体裁”等简单的概念。分析句子可知，空后为名词quality，此处应为形容词形式和空前的形容词lyrical构成并列定语修饰该名词，symbolic“象征性的”为形容词，符合句意。故选H项。【31题详析】考查动词。句意：她承认，在冬天，我们需要不同的工具来度过这个季节，而它也提供了这样一种工具，因为《Wintering》本身就是一本完美的指南书，也是陪伴你度过春天的伴侣。分析句子可知，此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，acknowledges“承认”为动词，为一般现在时。符合句意。故选F项。【32题详析】考查名词。句意：她承认，在冬天，我们需要不同的工具来度过这个季节，而它也提供了这样一种工具，因为《Wintering》本身就是一本完美的指南书，也是陪伴你度过春天的伴侣。分析句子可知，空前为and连接的guidebook为名词短语，此处也应为名词形式，partner“伴侣，搭档”为名词，符合句意。故选B项。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.RobotPetsInJuly,Unitree,aChinesecompany,launchedGo2,itssecond-generationroboticdog.Pricedfrom$1,270,thisrobotpetcanwalk,performhandstands,andtakephotographs.Equippedwithasmartspeaker,itrespondstovoicecommands.Go2joinsthemarketasthelatestinaseriesofattemptsbyscientiststocreatemachinesthatcandoeverythingarealanimaldoes—andleavealotlessmessto____33____afterwards.ThefirstrobotdogavailabletobuywasSony’sAIBO.Releasedin1999,AIBOwasa(n)____34____hit—3000unitssoldinjustunder20minutesinJapan.Itsnameisa____35____of“artificialintelligence”and“robot”.AIisacomputerprogrammethatcanlearnfromexperienceandperformtasksthatusuallyrequirehuman____36____.AIBOwasdiscontinuedin2006,butwentbackonsalein2017.Withcamerasforeyes,AIBO____37____obstaclesandsafelyexploresitssurroundings.Voice-recognitiontechnologyenablesittoturnitsheadtofaceapersonwhentheyspeak,andevenidentifydifferentvoices.____38____,thedoghasbeenprogrammedtorespondtophysicalcontact,suchastouchingitsbackorpattingitshead—justthewayareal-lifepuppywouldreact.AIBOalso“____39____”overtime,anditsbehaviourchangesasitdevelopsfromaplayfulpuppyintoanadult.Electronicpetsare____40____toysforchildren,though.Theycanbevaluablecompanionsforolderpeople,too.In2022,astudybytheUniversityofPlymouthfoundthatrobot____41____couldimprovethewellbeingofelderlypeoplewholiveincarehomesandalsothosesufferingfromaconditionthataffectsthebrain.Theyfoundthatthecuterobotscanprovidealltheemotionalbenefitsofarealanimal,withoutanyoftheworkthatcomeswithtakingcareofone.Astechnologydevelops,robotpetswillbecome_____42_____advanced.Whetherornottheytaketheplaceofliving,breathing,barkingandpurringpetsinourhomesremainstobeseen.33.A.cleanup B.getinto C.sortout D.centrearound34.A.delayed B.instant C.gradual D.tricky35.A.renew B.reunion C.combination D.representation36.A.strength B.intelligence C.responsibility D.appreciation37.A.detects B.signals C.overcomes D.processes38.A.Forinstance B.Bycontrast C.What’smore D.Afterall39.A.varies B.fades C.adjusts D.matures40.A.morethan B.nothingbut C.nomorethan D.lessthan41.A.participation B.attempts C.design D.companions42.A.literally B.increasingly C.ironically D.relevantly〖答案〗33.A34.B35.C36.B37.A38.C39.D40.A41.D42.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了今年7月，中国公司Unitree推出了第二代机器狗Go2。这款机器人宠物售价1270美元起，可以走路、倒立和拍照。它配备了一个智能扬声器，可以响应语音命令，以及随着科技的发展，机器人宠物将变得越来越先进。【33题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Go2加入了市场，是科学家们一系列尝试的最新成果，他们试图创造出能做所有真实动物会做的事情的机器，而且之后要清理的地方也少得多。A.cleanup清理；B.getinto进入；C.sortout解决；D.centrearound围绕着。根据句意以及该句中的“thatcandoeverythingarealanimaldoes”提到能做所有真实动物会做的事情，由此可知，此处应表示他们试图创造出能做所有真实动物会做的事情的机器，而且之后要清理的地方也少得多。故选A项。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1999年发布的AIBO一炮而红，在日本不到20分钟就卖出了3000台。A.delayed延迟；B.instant立刻的；C.gradual渐渐的；D.tricky难对付的。根据下文“3000unitssoldinjustunder20minutesinJapan”在日本不到20分钟就卖出了3000台，由此可知，此处应表示1999年发布的AIBO一炮而红。故选B项。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的名字是“人工智能”和“机器人”的组合。A.renew更新；B.reunion团聚；C.combination组合；D.representation代表。根据下文““artificialintelligence”and“robot””以及AIBO的字母组合可知，此处应表示它的名字是“人工智能”和“机器人”的组合。故选C项。【36题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人工智能是一种计算机程序，可以从经验中学习，并执行通常需要人类智能的任务。A.strength力气；B.intelligence智能；C.responsibility责任；D.appreciation感激。根据上文“AIisacomputerprogrammethatcanlearnfromexperienceandperformtasks”提到人工智能是一种计算机程序，由此可知，此处应表示从经验中学习，并执行通常需要人类智能的任务。故选B项。【37题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：AIBO的眼睛有摄像头，可以探测障碍物并安全地探索周围环境。A.detects探测；B.signals发信号；C.overcomes克服；D.processes加工。根据句意以及下文“obstaclesandsafelyexploresitssurroundings”提到障碍物，可知，此处应表示可以探测障碍物并安全地探索周围环境。故选A项。【38题详析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：更重要的是，这只狗已经被编程为对身体接触做出反应，比如触摸它的背部或拍它的头——就像现实生活中的小狗会做出的反应一样。A.Forinstance例如；B.Bycontrast相比之下；C.What’smore此外，更重要的是；D.Afterall毕竟。根据下文“thedoghasbeenprogrammedtorespondtophysicalcontact,suchastouchingitsbackorpattingitshead—justthewayareal-lifepuppywouldreact.”提到其它的功能可知，此处应表示补充说明的情况。故选C项。【39题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：AIBO也会随着时间的推移而“成熟”，它的行为会随着它从一只顽皮的小狗成长为一只成年狗而改变。A.varies不同；B.fades消退；C.adjusts调整；D.matures成熟。根据下文“anditsbehaviourchangesasitdevelopsfromaplayfulpuppyintoanadult.”提到它的行为会随着它从一只顽皮的小狗成长为一只成年狗而改变，由此可知，此处应表示AIBO也会随着时间的推移而“成熟”。故选D项。【40题详析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：不过，电子宠物不仅仅是孩子们的玩具。A.morethan不仅仅；B.nothingbut只有，仅仅是；C.nomorethan不超过；D.lessthan少于。根据下文“Theycanbevaluablecompanionsforolderpeople,too.”提到老年人也很喜欢电子宠物，由此可知，此处应表示电子宠物不仅仅是孩子们的玩具。故选A项。【41题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2022年，普利茅斯大学的一项研究发现，机器人伴侣可以改善住在养老院的老年人的健康状况，也可以改善那些患有影响大脑疾病的人的健康状况。A.participation参加；B.attempts尝试；C.design设计；D.companions伴侣，陪伴。根据下文“couldimprovethewellbeingofelderlypeoplewholiveincarehomesandalsothosesufferingfromaconditionthataffectsthebrain.”提到它的一些功能和作用，由此可知，此处应表示机器人伴侣可以改善住在养老院的老年人的健康状况，也可以改善那些患有影响大脑疾病的人的健康状况。故选D项。【42题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着科技的发展，机器人宠物将变得越来越先进。A.literally真正地；B.increasingly越来越多地；C.ironically讽刺地；D.relevantly贴切地。根据上文“Astechnologydevelops”提到随着科技的发展，由此可知，此处应表示机器人宠物将变得越来越先进。故选B项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Ashortperiodofsleeptakenduringthedayisknownasanap.Napsdon’tjusthavebenefitsforadultsatwork,though.Theycouldalsohelppupilstomakethemostoftheirschoolday.Studieshaveshownthata20to30-minute“beautysleep”makespeoplemorealertandfocused.Thisimprovespeople’sabilitytoremembernewinformation,whichwouldhelpschoolchildrenconcentrateduringlessons.Expertssaythatnappingalsoimprovesbrainfunctions,suchasmemoryandtheabilitytocompletedifficulttasks.Theschooldaystartsearly,whichmeansthatpupilsdon’talwaysgetenoughsleepbecausethere’snochancetohavealie-in.Addingnaptimeduringtheschooldaywouldhelpexhaustedpupilstomakeupforanysleepthey’velostfromgettingupsoearly.Therearelong-termbenefitstotakingashortnap,too.AccordingtoarecentstudyfromUniversityCollegeLondon,thebrainsofpeoplewhohaveregularnapsarebiggerthanthosewhodon’t.People’sbrainsnaturallyshrinkwhentheygrowold,andtheresultsshowedthatlittlesleepscanhelppeople’sbrainstoagemoreslowly.Althoughanapcanseemlikeagoodidea,goingtosleepfortoolongcanactuallymakeyoufeelworse.It’snotverypleasanttowakeupfromadaytimenapfeelingconfusedandsleepy.Nappingduringthedaycanalsohaveanegativeimpactonhowwellyousleepatnight.Thiscancreateacycleofnotbeingabletosleepaswellatnight,leavingyoufeelingevenmoretiredinthedaytime.SleepexpertDrCleteKushidasaid,“It’sgenerallyrecommendedtomaximizesleepatnight.”Anotherconsiderationisthattherereallyisn’ttimeintheschooldayforpupilstogotosleepSomeparentsandteachersareconcernedthatitwouldcausechildrentomisstoomuchlessontime.Pupilsmighttakeadvantageofthesystemandusetheirneedforanapasanexcusetogetoutoflessons.So,whatdoyouthink?Shouldschoolallowkidstohavenaps,orshouldyouwaituntiltheeveningtocatchuponyoursleep?43.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.childrenneedmorenapsthanadultsdoB.napsimprovememory,efficiencyandbeautyC.bothchildrenandadultsareequallyinneedofnapsD.napscanbringmorebenefitstochildrenthantoadults44.Accordingtothepassage,nappingfortoolongisnotadvisablebecause________.A.itmayaffectahealthiercycleofsleepB.schoolkidswillfeeltoosleepytowakeupC.itcan’tmakeupforthesleeplostfromwakingupearlyD.itextendstheschooldayforkidstohaveenoughlessons45.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbelearnedabouttakingnapsaccordingtothepassage?A.It’sbetterforbabiestohaveasmanydaytimenapsaspossible.B.Regularnapscanslowtherateatwhichbrainsshrinkwithage.C.There’snoneedtoguaranteenightsleepifonehasregularnaps.D.Differentfromteachers,parentswanttheirkidstohavenaptimes.46.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ShouldSchoolsHaveNaptimes? B.HowCouldNaptimesBenefitKids?C.AreKidsLosingTooMuchSleep? D.DoYouGetEnoughDaytimeSleep?〖答案〗43.C44.A45.B46.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明，午睡可以提高人们记忆新信息的能力，这将有助于学生在课堂上集中注意力，且有长期的好处，但不建议午睡太久，因为会影响更健康的睡眠周期。【43题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Napsdon’tjusthavebenefitsforadultsatwork,though.Theycouldalsohelppupilstomakethemostoftheirschoolday.(不过，午睡不仅仅对工作中的成年人有好处。它们还可以帮助学生充分利用他们的上学时间)”可推知，儿童和成人都同样需要午睡。故选C。【44题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Althoughanapcanseemlikeagoodidea,goingtosleepfortoolongcanactuallymakeyoufeelworse.It’snotverypleasanttowakeupfromadaytimenapfeelingconfusedandsleepy.Nappingduringthedaycanalsohaveanegativeimpactonhowwellyousleepatnight.Thiscancreateacycleofnotbeingabletosleepaswellatnight,leavingyoufeelingevenmoretiredinthedaytime.(虽然打个盹似乎是个好主意，但睡太久实际上会让你感觉更糟。从白天的小睡中醒来感到困惑和困倦并不是很愉快。白天打盹也会对你晚上的睡眠质量产生负面影响。这会造成一个晚上睡不着的循环，让你在白天感觉更累)”可知，午睡太久是不可取的，因为可能会影响更健康的睡眠周期。故选A。【45题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“People’sbrainsnaturallyshrinkwhentheygrowold,andtheresultsshowedthatlittlesleepscanhelppeople’sbrainstoagemoreslowly.(随着年龄的增长，人的大脑会自然萎缩，研究结果表明，午睡可以帮助人们的大脑更慢地衰老)”可知，规律的午睡可以减缓大脑随着年龄增长而萎缩的速度。故选B。【46题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So,whatdoyouthink?Shouldschoolallowkidstohavenaps,orshouldyouwaituntiltheeveningtocatchuponyoursleep?(那么，你觉得呢？学校应该允许孩子们午睡，还是应该等到晚上再补觉？)”结合文章主要说明了研究表明，午睡可以提高人们记忆新信息的能力，这将有助于学生在课堂上集中注意力，且有长期的好处，但不建议午睡太久，因为会影响更健康的睡眠周期。可知，A选项“学校应该有午睡时间吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。(B)Ifyou’veeverseenariverrushingdownamountainorplayedinbreakingwavesatthebeach,you’llknowthatmovingwatercontainsalotofenergy.Arivercanpushyouandyourboatdownstream,sometimesquickly,andwavescrashingintoyouatthebeachcanknockyouback,orevenknockyouover.Thisenergyofmovingwateroriginatesfromthewatercycle,wherewaterevaporatesorisreleasedfromplants,risestohighersealevel,cools,andchangesintoliquid,formingclouds.Rainorsnowthatfallsfromthesecloudsflowsdownhillduetogravity,formingriversormeltingintoexistingwaterpaths.Hydropower(水电)usesthisenergyfromflowingwater.Itusesturbines,whichareturnedbymovingwater.Theseturbinesturnaroundarotorinsideadevicecalledgenerator,turningthemotionintoelectricitywiththehelpofmagnets.Therearetwoprimarytypesofhydropowerfacilities(设施).Thefirstiscalledtherun-of-the-riverfacilities,whichchannelriverwaterthroughturbines.Theelectricityproductionfollowsthetimingoftheriverflow.Whenariverisrunningfullwithlotsofspringrainormeltwater,theturbinecanproducemoreelectricity.Laterinthesummer,whentheriverflowdecreases,sodoestheturbine’soutput.Thesetypesofpowerstationsaretypicallysmallandeasytobuild,butthereislimitedabilitytocontroltheamountofelectricitytheyproduce.Thesecondtypeisthedam(大坝)-basedfacilities.Theseuseasoliddamtoholdbacktheflowofariverandcreateanartificiallakebehindit.Thedamoperatorreleaseswaterfromhislake,whichflowsthroughpipesinsidethedam.Turbineswithinthedamgenerateelectricityasthewaterpassesthroughthem,andthenthewaterflowsouttheotherside.Thesefacilitiesareusuallylargeandcanaffectriverhabitats,buttheycanalsoproducealotofelectricityinacontrollablemanner.Hydropowerdependsontheavailabilityofwaterinflowingrivers.Asclimatec