第17讲 阅读理解题型解题技巧-八年级译林版英语重难点精讲及专项训练

八年级英语精品课及练习第17讲阅读理解题型解题技巧第一部分题型解题技巧一、阅读理解题型介绍阅读理解主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解短文中考主要文体包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，考点包括细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断、观点态度、写作意图、段落大意、标题归纳等。二、阅读理解题型做题技巧一、分门别类识别文体。记叙文阅读主要抓六大要素，时间地点、人物和事件的起因经过和结果。除此之外，还要注意人物之间的关系、表现，再从中分析人物的思想品质、性格特征等。议论文是阐明对人或事的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理从而得出结论。应用文能站近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、中清书、个人简历等，形式多样，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。二、统览全篇摘录要点阅读理解是对整前文章的目的、意园、观点、立场、志度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接获取的，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。抽录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。三、开动脑筋推测词义初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料。换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下几种方法完成内化过程:(1)根据上下文猜测调义。(2)根据构词法猜测词义。前缓un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy;fairunfair;important-unimportant等。缀-ment表名词，如developdevelopment;statestatement;argue-argument等。后最-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate-calculator;visit-visitor;law-lawyer;art-artist等。四、用知识和生活经验理解短文如根据化学知识，可以理解Walterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen;根据生活经验可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逆细推理实际上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。五、条分缕析理解长旬物型，相生间选理制的对点之一，长句中酒常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句短语等经过分析，化整为零，化默为简，此句就不难理解了。第二部分阅读理解专项训练（含解析）一Janehasgoneonlinetochattoherfriend,Susan.Shehassomebadnewstoshare!Jane:Hey,Susan,areyouthere?Susan:Yes.What’sup?Jane:I’vehadsomereallybadnewstoday.Mybestfriend,Ivy,isleavingtogotoliveintheUnitedStates.Susan:That’sreallybad.Whenisshegoing?Jane:Sheisgoingattheendofthisterm.Susan:Whatdoesshethinkaboutit?Jane:Shewasreallysadatfirst,butnowIthinksheissortoflookingforwardtoit.Sheisgoingtothehighschoolandhermumhaspromised(承诺)hershecanstarttodrivewhensheisonly16!Susan:Wow!JustlikeonTV!Jane:Ohno!Shewillnotmissmeatall,butIwillmisshersomuch.Susan:Itisn’teasytogotoanewschoolandmakenewfriends.InAmerica,theywillmakefunofheraccent(口音)andherclothes.Atleastyouwillstillhaveyourotherfriends.Jane:Youareright.Iwouldhatetohavetogotoanewschool.IwouldmissallmyfriendsandIwouldnotbeabletodoanyofthelessons.Iwouldendupfailingallmyexaminationsandnevergettingintouniversity.Susan:Whatanightmare(噩梦)!Ithinkshemightneedtotalktoyouonline.Youcantalktohereveryday.Jane:Butitisnotthesameasseeingsomeoneeveryday.Susan:No,butifyoutryyourbestyouwillstillbegoodfriends.Jane:Thanks,Susan.Gottogo.Susan:Bye!1．WhoisleavingschooltogotoliveintheUnitedStates?A．Susan. B．Ivy’smother. C．Jane. D．Ivy.2．JanechattedwithSusanonlinebecauseshe________.A．felthappyforherfriend’sgoodchance B．feltreallysorryforherbestfriendC．wantedsomeonetosharethehappiness D．wantedsomeonetosharethebadnews3．Ivy’smothertellsIvyshecan________.A．drinkwhensheissixteen B．driveacarwhensheissixteenC．gotohighschoolatsixteen D．getintouniversityatsixteen4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothematerial?A．Janeandherbestfriendwillforgeteachother.B．SusanadvisedJanetowriteletterstoIvyoften.C．Janethinksshecannevergetusedto(习惯)lifeinanewschool.D．SusanthinksAmericanstudentsarekindandfriendly.二Whatkindoffunnyjokesdoyouoftenplayonyourclassmates?Hidetheirbooksorpensaway?Orputsomethingstrangeintotheirschoolbags?Thesearenotsurprisingcomparedwiththejokeplayedbyagroupofsix-gradestudentsfromBerwickHighSchool.Thesenaughtystudentsweretryingtoselltheirschoolbuilding,furnitureand“fulluseofallstaffmembers”.Theysaidthatthelistalsoincludedtheirheadmaster,whomight“kill”themifhefoundoutwhattheyweredoing.Theyputthefullpackageone-Bayforapriceof￡2,018.e-BaywasfoundedinSeptember1995.Atthattime,Omidyar’sgirlfriendlovedPezcandyboxes,butshewassadthatshecouldn’tfindsomeonewhohadthesameinterestasher.SoOmidyarsetupacautionsitetohelphisgirlfriendcommunicatewithPezcandyboxloversintheUnitedStates.Peoplecansellthingsonlineone-Bay.Thestudentsalsowarnedthattheywouldn’tacceptthemoneytheygot.Aftertheinformationwasputone-Bay,therewerefourteenpeoplewantingtobuytheproduct.Onepersonevenoffered￡5,000fortheschool.Thee-Baylistingwassoonremoved.However,theschooldidn’tpunishthestudents.Why?Infact,thiswasajokeplayedontheschool“Muck-UpDay”.Atschool,itisalongtraditiontoplayfunnyjokesontheirlastdayofschoolbeforeenteringtheirexamtime.5．Thephrase“fulluseofallstaffmembers”inparagraph2probablymeans________.A．theschoolbuilding B．desksandchairsintheschoolC．thestudentsatschool D．alltheteachersandtheheadmaster6．________setupe-BayinSeptember1995.A．Omidyar B．Naughtystudents C．Omidyar’sgirlfriend D．Pezcandyboxlovers7．AfterpeoplegottheinformationofsellingtheschoolontheInternet,________.A．thestudentswerepunished B．theheadmasterwasveryangryC．somepeopleofferedtobuyit D．nopeoplewereinterestedinit8．Thestudentswantedtoselltheirschoolone-Baybecause________.A．theydidn’tliketheirschoolatallB．theywantedtomakesomemoneyC．theheadmasteraskedthemtodosoD．theywantedtoplayajokeon“Muck-UpDay”三Thereareseveralwaysyoucanfindoutaboutthecountriesandplacesyouwishtovisit.Youcantalktofriendswhohavetravelledtotheplaces,youcangoandseeafilm,oryoucanreadtravelbooks.Itseemsthattherearethreekindsoftravelbooks.Thefirstarethosethatgiveapersonal,subjective(主观的)ideasoftravelswhichthewritershavegotthemselves.Thesebookscanbeusefulifthewriterssharetheirtravellingexperienceswithothers.Thesecondarethosebookswhichgiveapurelyobjective(客观的)informationofthingstobedoneandseen.Ifaculturedpersonhaswrittensuchabook,thenitisevenmoreuseful.Thethirdkindarethosebookswhicharecalled“aguide”tosomeplace.Iftheyaregood,theywilldescribeandexplaintheplaceindetail.Ithinktheyarethemosthelpfulfortravellers.Likethefirstkind,theycanbeexcitingandinteresting,buttheirmainpurposeistohelpthereaderplanhistravelinthemostspecialway.Whateverkindoftravelbookyouchoose,youmustmakesurethatitdoesnotdescribeeverythingas“wonderful”,“excellent”or“fantastic”.Youmustkeepanopeneyeonitsdateofpublication(出版)becausetravelisaverypracticalmatterandmanythingschangequicklyinthetwenty-firstcentury.Finally,youshouldmakesurethatitiseasytofindtheusefulinformationforyourtravel.9．Thewriterofthefirstkindoftravelbookgavehisideasafterhe________.A．travelled B．readbooksC．heardalotabouttravelling D．surfedtheInternet10．Theunderlinedphrase“aculturedperson”meanspersonwith________.A．agoodappearance B．agoodeducation C．alotofexperience D．alotofmoney11．Thedateofpublicationmustbenoticedbecause________.A．thepricesoftravelbooksmaybedifferentB．thewritersoftravelbooksmaybedifferentC．theinformationintravelbooksisalwaysthesameD．theinformationintravelbooksisalwayschanging12．Accordingtopassage,itisbesttoread________beforetravellingtoaplaceofinterest.A．thefirstkindoftravelbook B．thesecondkindoftravelbookC．thethirdkindoftravelbook D．sometravelarticlesinnewspapers四Embarrassing(令人尴尬的)momentshappentoeveryone,nomatterhowimportantapersonis.Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadanembarrassingmoment?★Forgetallaboutitandthenlaughaboutit.Thefirstthingyoushoulddoisletothersknowitisajoke.Justlaughloudlyandsay,“Thatisfunny!”Peoplewillknowthatyouarenottakingitseriously.Theywillstopmakingfunofyou.★________Whenyougobacktoyourroom,justtakeamomenttothinkhowthatembarrassingmomenthappened.Areyoualwayscareless?Thinkaboutwaystocorrecttheproblem.★Improveyourawareness(意识).Trytobemoreawareofwhatishappeningaroundyouifyouarealwayscareless.Justremembernottobeupsetoverit.Thepeoplewholaughatyouhaveprobablydonesomethingsimilarto(与……相似)whatyouhavedone.Justlaughwiththematthetime,ortheywillnotrememberyourembarrassmentforalongtime.Staycoolandenjoytherestoftheday.★Don’tbeafraidofembarrassingmoments.Takeiteasy.It’snothardtogetthroughitifyoubelievethatyoucandowithit.13．Accordingtothepassage,________peoplehaveembarrassingmoments.A．most B．few C．no D．all14．WhichsentencecanbefilledintheblankofParagraph3?A．Stayinyourroomaloneandlaugh.B．Thinkaboutyourproblemcarefully.C．HowdoyoufeelaftertheembarrassingmomentsD．Whatcanwedoattheembarrassingmoments?15．Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A．howtodealwithembarrassingmoments B．whenembarrassingmomentsusuallyhappenC．howtoforgetembarrassingmoments D．howtofaceembarrassingmomentsbravely五Joewasgoingintohisusualbarbeforelunchwhenhesawapoorlydressedmanfishinginasmallpoolaboutfivecentimetersdeepoutsideit.Joestoppedandwatchedthemanforafewminutes.Hesawthatmostofthepeoplewhopassedbyhimbelievedhemustbequitemad(发疯的).Joepitiedtheman,soafterawhilehewentuptohimandsaidkindly,"Hello,wouldyouliketocomeintothebarandhaveadrinkwithme?"Thefishermanwasgladtoaccepthisoffer(主动提议).Joeboughthimafewdrinksandfinallysaidtohim,"You'vebeenfishingoutsidehere,haven'tyou?Howmanydidyoucatchthismorning,ifImayask?"“Youaretheeighth,”thefishermanansweredhappily.16．BeforelunchJoeusuallyhad_______.A．adrinkatthebarB．teaatthebarC．dinneratthebarD．adrinkwiththefisherman17．Whotookpityonthefisherman?A．Nobody.B．OnlyJoe.C．Everyonewhopassedbyhim.D．Someofthepeoplewhopassedbyhim.18．Thepoorlydressedman_______.A．mustbemadB．mustbehungryC．mustbethirstyD．wasnotmadatall19．Thefishermanpretended(假装)_______．A．tobemadB．tobefishingC．tobepoorD．tohavenojob20．Thefishermanfooled_______.A．allthepeopleB．mostofthepeopleC．JoeaswellastheothersevenpeopleD．eightpeopleexceptJoe参考答案一短文大意本文主要是Jane在网上跟Susan分享她得知的一个坏消息，就是她最好的朋友要去美国生活，她很不舍得这位好朋友。解析1．细节理解题。根据“Mybestfriend,Ivy,isleavingtogotoliveintheUnitedStates”可知，Ivy要去美国生活，故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“Shehassomebadnewstoshare”可知，因为她有一些坏消息想跟别人分享，故选D。3．细节理解题。根据“hermumhaspromised(承诺)hershecanstarttodrivewhensheisonly16”可知，Ivy妈妈承诺她可以在16岁时学习开车，故选B。4．推理判断题。根据“Iwouldhatetohavetogotoanewschool.IwouldmissallmyfriendsandIwouldnotbeabletodoanyofthelessons…”可知，Jane认为自己不会习惯去一个新的学校，C表述正确，故选C。二短文大意本文主要向我们介绍学校“混乱日”上的一个玩笑，学生们要把学校甚至他们的校长一起在e-Bay上卖掉，这是该校一个悠久的历史。解析5．词句猜测题。分析“‘fulluseofallstaffmembers’.Theysaidthatthelistalsoincludedtheirheadmaster”可知，名单上还有他们的校长，所以是全体教职工，故选D。6．细节理解题。根据“SoOmidyarsetupacautionsite”可知，网站是Omidyar建立的，故选A。7．细节理解题。根据“Aftertheinformationwasputone-Bay,therewerefourteenpeoplewantingtobuytheproduct.Onepersonevenoffered￡5,000fortheschool.”可知，在信息被放到易趣网后，有14个人想买这个产品，甚至有人出价￡5,000。故选C。8．细节理解题。根据“Infact,thiswasajokeplayedontheschool‘Muck-UpDay’.”可知，学生们想在易趣上出售他们的学校，因为他们想在“混乱日”开个玩笑。故选D。三短文大意本文介绍了三种旅行的书，第一种是作者在某地旅行回来后写出的自己的旅行经历和感受。第二种客观给出了一些关于旅行的信息。第三种是旅游指南，里面详细地介绍了旅游胜地的情况。解析9．细节理解题。根据“Thefirstarethosethatgiveapersonal,subjectiveideasoftravelswhichthewritershavegotthemselves.Thesebookscanbeusefulifthewriterssharetheirtravellingexperienceswithothers.”可知，第一种类型书的作者会在自己旅行之后，在书籍上分享自己对旅行的看法和感受。故选A。10．词句猜测题。根据“Ifaculturedpersonhaswrittensuchabook,thenitisevenmoreuseful.”可知，有文化的人写出的旅游书籍会很有用；故划线部分aculturedpeople意为“受过良好教育的人”。故选B。11．细节理解题。根据“Youmustkeepanopeneyeonitsdateofpublicationbecausetravelisaverypracticalmatterandmanythingschange