陕西省安康市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

安康市2019～2020学年第二学期高二年级期末考试英语本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillthewomandothisSunday?A.Goforapicnic.B.Havehersewingmachinefixed.C.AttendMary'sweddingceremony2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inabank.C.Inatailor'sshop.3.WhatdoesHelendomostprobably?A.Astudent.B.Anurse.C.Adoctor.4.Whenwillthemanetotheoffice?A.At8:30.B.At8:45.C.At9:00.5,Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thewoman'ssuggestionsarehelpful.B.Thewomanshouldn'tattendthepetition.C.Thewomanshouldfollowherteacher'sadvice第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.What'stheproblemwithBetty?A.She'sfired.B.She'stired.C.She'ssick.7.Whydoesn'tBettytellherdepartmentmanageraboutherproblem?A.Healsoplainsalot.B.Heisbusyallthetime.C.Hestaysabroadmostofhistime.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whydidthemanfeelsorry?A.Heforgottofillinaform.B.Hewasabsentfromameeting.C.Hemissedsomeimportantthings.9.Whatimportantthingdidthemanmiss?A.AskingMaryforhelp.B.Fillingaform.C.Sharingworkexperiences.10.Whenshouldthemanturnintheform?A.Tomorrowmorning.B.Afterworktoday.C.Beforeworktoday.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Bookaticket.B.Cancelanairticket.C.Bookahotelroom.12.WhenwillthewomanreachGuangzhou?A.At9:12amonAugust2.B.At1:15pmonAugust3.C.At2:00pmonAugust3.13.Whatwillthewomandotwodaysbeforetheflight?A.Reconfirmtheticket.B.Makesuretheticketisavailable.C.Payfortheticketthroughnetwork.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.What'sthematterwiththewomannow?A.Shehasarunnynoise.B.Shehasatoothache.C.Shehasasorethroat.15.Howdoesthedoctorgivethewomananexamination?A.Byfeelingherpulse.B.Bytakinghertemperature.C.Bycheckingherthroatandtongue16.Whatwillthewomando?A.Eatmorepeppers.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Stayinbedforthreedays.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.InwhichpartoftheU.S.dopeoplegivebiggertips?A.Inthenorth.B.Inthesouth.C.Inthewest.18.Whatpercentofpeoplerefusetogivetipsinacoffeeshop?A.12%.B.30%.C.67%.19.WhatdidMichaelLynn'sresearchfind?A.Mengivebiggertips.B.Menandwomenusuallygivethesametips.C.Peopletendtogivemoretipstotheoppositesexes.20.What'sthetalkmainlyabout?A.AstudyaboutAmericancustomoftipping.B.Americansaremoregenerouswhengivingtips.C.Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustomsabouttipping.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。ABlackBoxThinking—ByMatthewSyedThisbookisanewapproachtohighperformance,ameansoffindingalledgeinaplexandfastchangingworld.Itisnotjustaboutsport,buthaspowerfulimplicationsforbusinessandpolitics,aswellasparentsandstudents,inotherwords,allofus.Drawingonadizzyingseriesofcasestudiesandrealworldexamples,togetherwithcuttingedgeresearchonsmallgains,creativityandcourage,MatthewSyedtellstheinsidestoryofhowsuccessreallyhappens—andhowwecannotgrowunlesswearepreparedtolearnfromourmistakes.MapStories—ByFranciscaMatteoliInthebook,theauthortells20surprisingstoriesonthegeographyoftheworldand,usingbeautifulmapsfromallcountriesandtimes,sheexplainsthebirthofthemostmagicalplacesonEarth.Thebookisajourneythroughspaceandtime,andalessonabouttheworldasitisandourplaceinit.MakingItupasIGoAlong—ByMarianKeyesItisafunnylookattheabsurdityofmodernlifeandrecognizesthatweareallclearlymakingitupaswegoalong.ItincludesKeyes,guidetobreakingupyou’reyourhairdresser,andherwarningaboutthedangersoffaketan（古铜色）.Andthereissomesecrettruthaboutwriters,oratleastaboutKeyes.MogandMeandOtherStories—ByJudithKerrJudithKerrwasbornonJune14,1923inBerlinbutescapedfromHitler’sGermanywithherparentsandbrotherin1933whenshewasnineyearsold.Judithwentto11differentschoolsandworkedwiththeRedCrossduringthewar.Forthepast30years,she’sworkedasanauthorandillustratorofchildren’sbookseandplaywitheveryone’sfavoritefamilypet,inthishugeboardbookcollectionofstoriesespeciallyforyoungerreaders.1.Ifyouareinterestedinexploringtheworld,whichbookdoyouprefer?A.BlackBoxThinking. B.MapStories.C.MakingItupasIGoAlong. D.MogandMeandOtherStories.2.Whichauthortellssomesecrettruthabouthimselfinthebook?A.MatthewSyed. B.FranciscaMatteoli.C.MarianKeyes D.JudithKerr.3.ThebookMogandMeandOtherStoriesismainlyaimedat______.A.businessmen B.parentsC.children D.politicians【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】本文为应用文，文章向读者介绍了四本书的具体信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据"MapStories"中的信息"…sheexplainsthebirthofthemostmagicalplacesonEarth"可知，这本书介绍了地球上大多数地方的来历，故正确答案应为B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据"MakingItupasIGoAlong"中的信息"Andthereissomesecrettruthaboutwriters，oratleastaboutKeyes．"可知，这本书中作者讲述了自己的秘密，故正确答案应为C项。【3题详解】细节理解题．根据"MogandMeandOtherStories"中的信息"Forthepast30years，she'sworkedasanauthorandillustratorofchildren'sbooks．"可知，这本书适用于孩子们，正确答案应为C项。BAstudentwiththenicknameof"Silo"fromUniversityof"I'meatingformyeducation"EricDahlsaidinaproudtone."Ithinkitwillhelpmegetthroughandachievemysuccessinmyeducation."Dahlwasdrawntopetitiveeatingin2011,attheformerBigRed'sSteakhouseinMadison.Dahldidn'twanttopayforhismealsohesignedupforachallenge:eatathreepoundcheesesteaksandwichinlessthan10minutesandskipthebill.Hefinishedhiseatingwithin5minutesand50seconds.Dahl'sfirstpaycamefromDickey'sBarbecuePitinsuburbanMinneapolis,whereheearned$250foreatingninepulledporksandwicheswithinsixminutes.Theformerhighschoolathletefoundthepetitionanditsoverthetopatmosphereremindinghimofprofessionalwrestling."Ireallygetpumpedwhenthecrowdstartscheering,"hesaid,"Iamfriendswithotherpetitiveeaters,butonceI'monstageIdon'thaveanyfriendsbutwehavebeeopponents."Dahlsaidhewalksafewmilesadayliftsweightstwiceaweekandplayssoccerandhockeytomaintainhis220poundweight.Heeatsnomorethan3,100caloriesaday,mostlyvegetablestoavoidincreasinghiswaistline,andstretcheshisstomachbyeating10poundsofcabbageorbroccoliinasinglesittingfollowedbyalotofwater.HisnextboutisscheduledforthisSaturday.Dahlwilltrytowin$1,000atanationalpizzaeatingcontestonLibraryMallattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison.Goodlucktohimandlet'swaitforhisgoodnews.4.WhydidDahlfirstparticipateinpetitiveeating?A.Thereweresomedelicioussandwiches. B.Hedidn'twanttopayforhismeal.C.Hecouldeatsomesandwichesquickly. D.Hehadnomoneytopayforhismeal.5.DahltrainsforpetitiveeatingthroughthefollowingwaysEXCEPT.A.drinkingplentyofwine B.doingsomesportsC.eatinglargeamountsofvegetables D.stretchinghisstomachscientifically6.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thehighestawardwillbenomorethan$1,000.B.Thepetitiveeatingisconcernedwithvegetables.C.DahlwillcontinuehispetitiveeatingthisSaturday.D.TheauthorbelievesDahlwillwintheeatingpetition.7.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Dahlmakesafortunebypetitiveeating.B.Dahlranksthirdintheworldofpetitiveeating.C.Dahlmakesgoodpreparationforpizzaeatingcontest.D.Dahlearnsforhiseducationthroughpetitiveeating.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了威斯康辛大学的EricDahl通过参与竞吃比赛来支付自己教育费用的事情。介绍了Dahl参与竞吃比赛的一些经历以及他为竞吃比赛所做的一些训练。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Dahlwasdrawntopetitiveeatingin2011,attheformerBigRed'sSteakhouseinMadison.Dahldidn'twanttopayforhismealsohesignedupforachallenge:eatathreepoundcheesesteaksandwichinlessthan10minutesandskipthebill.”可知2011年，Dahl在Madison的BigRed’sSteakhouse参加了大胃王比赛。Dahl不想付餐费，所以他报名参加了一项挑战：在不到10分钟的时间内吃掉一个3磅重的芝士牛排三明治，不需要付账。由此可知，Dahl一开始参加竞吃是因为他不想要支付他的饭钱。故选B【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Dahlsaidhewalksafewmilesaday,liftsweightstwiceaweekandplayssoccerandhockeytomaintainhis220poundweight.Heeatsnomorethan3,100caloriesaday,mostlyvegetablestoavoidincreasinghiswaistline,andstretcheshisstomachbyeating10poundsofcabbageorbroccoliinasinglesittingfollowedbyalotofwater.”可知Dahl说，为了保持220磅的体重，他每天步行几英里，每周两次举重，踢足球和打曲棍球。他每天摄入的热量不超过3100卡路里，主要是蔬菜，以免腰围增加。他会在一顿饭里吃下10磅的卷心菜或花椰菜，然后喝大量的水，以此来伸展他的胃。由此可知，Dahl通过做运动、吃大量的蔬菜和科学地伸展他的胃来训练，除了A选项“喝很多酒”文章没有提到。故选【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“HisnextboutisscheduledforthisSaturday.”可知他下一场比赛定于本周六举行。由此可知，Dahl将在本周六继续他的竞吃比赛。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Astudentwiththenicknameof"Silo"fromUniversityofWisconsiniseatinghiswaythroughschoolpetitively.Forthetimebeing,EricDahlranksthirdintheworldofpetitiveeating,whichisdeterminedbyAllProEatingrankings,thoughheonceheldthetopspot.SofarDahlhasearnedmorethan18,000dollarsinprizemoneyormerchandisetohelppayforhiseducation.”可知威斯康辛大学的一名昵称为“Silo”的学生正在以竞吃的方式读完大学。目前，EricDahl在所有职业饮食排名中排名第三，尽管他曾经位居榜首。到目前为止，达尔已经获得了超过18000美元的奖金或商品来帮助支付他的教育费用。结合文章主要介绍了威斯康辛大学的EricDahl通过参与竞吃比赛来支付自己教育费用的事情。介绍了Dahl参与竞吃比赛的一些经历以及他为竞吃比赛所做的一些训练。由此可知，Dahl通过竞吃比赛来为教育买单。故选D。CWithfifteenyearsBritainandothernationsshouldbewellonwiththebuildingofhugeindustrialplexesfortherecyclingofwaste.Theword“rubbish”couldloseitsmeaningbecauseeverythingwhichgoesintothedumpswouldbemadeintosomethinguseful.Eventhemostdangerousandunpleasantwasteswouldprovideenergyifnothingelse.Thelatestprojectistotakeacityofaroundhalfamillioninhabitantsanddiscoverexactlywhatrawmaterialsgointoitandwhatgoout.Theaimistofindouthowmuchoftheserawmaterialscouldbeprovidedifaplantforrecyclingwastewerebuiltjustoutsidethecity.Thisplantwouldrecyclenotonlymetalsuchassteel,leadandcopper,butalsopaperandrubberaswell.Anothernewprojectisbeingsetuptodiscoverthebestwaysofsortingandseparatingtherubbish.Whenthisprojectisplete,therubbishwillbeprocessedlikethis:First,itwillpassthroughsharpmetalbars(金属条)whichwilltearopentheplasticbagsinwhichrubbishisusuallypacked;thenitwillpassthroughapowerfulfantoseparatethelightestelementsfromtheheavysolids;afterthatfoundersandrollerswillbreakupeverythingthatcanbebroken.Finally,therubbishwillpassundermagnets(磁铁),whichwillremovethebitsofironandsteel;therubberandplasticwillthenbesortedoutinthefinalstage.Thefirstfullscalegiantrecyclingplantsareperhapsfifteenyearsaway.Indeed,withthegrowingcostoftransportingrubbishtomoredistantdumps(垃圾场),somebigcitieswillbeforcedtobuildtheirownrecyclingplantsbeforelong.8.WhatisNOTmentionedasapartoftherecyclingprocessdescribedinParagraph3?A.Sharpeningmetalbars.B.Sortingoutsmallpiecesofmetal.C.Breakingupwhateverisbreakable.D.Separatinglightelementsfromtheheavyones.9.Whywillbigcitieshavetobuildtheirownrecyclingplants?A.Toprotecttheenvironment. B.Toreducetransportationexpense.C.Togetrawmaterialslocally. D.Togetbigprofitsfromthoseplants.10.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Dangerouswastescan’tberecycled.B.Recyclingplantonlyrecyclemetalandpaper.C.Rubbishwillbedealtwithinabetterwaylater.D.Thefirstfullscalegiantrecyclingplantswillbeginoperationinlessthan15years.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ScientificWaystoGetEnergy B.TheLocationofRecyclingPlantsC.SomeMethodstoProtecttheEnvironment D.NewWaysofRecyclingWastes【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种大型垃圾回收工厂，可以回收垃圾并将垃圾转化为有用东西，这是一种垃圾回收利用的新途径。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“First,itwillpassthroughsharpmetalbars(金属条)whichwilltearopentheplasticbagsinwhichrubbishisusuallypacked”可知，首先，垃圾会穿过锋利的金属条，这些金属条会撕开通常用来装垃圾的塑料袋。由此可推断出，在第三段所述的回收垃圾的过程后中，第一步是让垃圾穿过锋利的金属条，让金属条撕开装垃圾的塑料袋。“Sharpeningmetalbars”意为“削尖金属条”，与文中描述不符。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“Indeed,withthegrowingcostoftransportingrubbishtomoredistantdumps(垃圾场),somebigcitieswillbeforcedtobuildtheirownrecyclingplantsbeforelong.”可知，随着将垃圾运到更远的垃圾场的成本越来越高，一些大城市将被迫建立自己的回收工厂。由此可推断出，大城市建造自己的垃圾回收工厂是为了减少运输费用。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Theword“rubbish”couldloseitsmeaningbecauseeverythingwhichgoesintothedumpswouldbemadeintosomethinguseful.”可知，随着大型垃圾回收工厂的建立，“垃圾”这个词可能会失去它的意义，因为所有进入垃圾堆的东西都会变成有用的东西。由此可推断出，随着大型垃圾回收工厂的建立，垃圾会得到更好的处理，它们会被转化成有用的东西。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。结合文章内容及第一段关键句“Theword“rubbish”couldloseitsmeaningbecauseeverythingwhichgoesintothedumpswouldbemadeintosomethinguseful.”可知，文章主要讲述了随着大型垃圾回收工厂的建立，垃圾将会被回收，并转化为有用的东西，这是一种回收垃圾的新方法。“NewWaysofRecyclingWastes”意为“垃圾回收利用的新途径”，能够概括文章主旨。故选D项。DEverywhereIlookoutsidemyhomeIseepeoplebusyontheirhightechdevices,whiledriving,walking,shopping,evensittingintoilets.Whenconnectedelectronically,theyareawayfromphysicalreality.Peoplehavebeeninfluencedtobeetechnologyaddicted.Onesurveyreportedthat"addicted"wasthewordmostmonlyusedbypeopletodescribetheirrelationshiptoiPadandsimilardevices.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplehadahardertimeresistingtheallureofsocialmediathantheydidforsleep,cigarettesandalcohol.Themaingoaloftechnologypaniesistogetpeopletospendmoremoneyandtimeontheirproducts,nottoactuallyimproveourqualityoflife.Theyhavesuccessfullycreatedaculturaldisease.Consumerswillinglygiveuptheirfreedom,moneyandtimetocatchuponthelatestinformation,tokeeppacewiththeirpeersortoappearmodern.Iseepeopletrappedinapathological(病态的)relationshipwithtimesuckingtechnology,wheretheyservetechnologymorethantechnologyservesthem.Icallthistechnologyservitude.Iamreferringtoalossofpersonalfreedomandindependencebecauseofuncontrolledconsumptionofmanykindsofdevicesthateatuptimeandmoney.Whatisahealthyuseoftechnologydevices?Thatisthevitalquestion.Whoisreallyinchargeofmylife?Thatiswhatpeopleneedtoaskthemselvesifwearetohaveanychanceofbreakingupfalsebeliefsabouttheiruseoftechnology.Whenwecanlivehappilywithoutusingsomuchtechnologyforadayoraweek,thenwecanregaincontrolandpersonalfreedom,beethemasteroftechnologyanddiscoverwhatthereistoenjoyinlifefreeoftechnology.MaeWestisfamousforproclaimingthewisdomthat"toomuchofagoodthingiswonderful."Butit'stimetodiscoverthatitdoesnotworkfortechnology.RichardFernandezanexecutivecoachatGoogleacknowledgedthat"wecanbesweptawaybyourtechnologies."Tobreakthegranddigitalconnectionpeoplemustconsiderhowlifelongagocouldbefantasticwithouttoday'soverusedtechnology.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"allure"inParagraph2probablymean?A.Advantage. B.Attraction. C.Adaption. D.Attempt.13.Whatisthepurposeoftechnologypanies?A.Toattractpeopletobuytheirproducts. B.Toprovidethelatestinformation.C.Toimprovepeople'squalityoflife. D.Todealwithculturaldiseases.14.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Peoplewillgetsickwhenusingtechnology.B.Peoplehaverealizedtheharmofhightechdevices.C.Peoplecanregainfreedomwithouthightechdevices.D.Peoplemayenjoylifebetterwithoutoverusedtechnology.15.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheoverusingofhightechdevices?A.Neutral. B.Indifferent. C.Disapproving. D.Supportive.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】本文是说明文。文章指出了人们过度使用科技的许多弊端，反对大众对高科技设备的过度依赖。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Peoplehavebeeninfluencedtobeetechnologyaddicted.Onesurveyreportedthat"addicted"wasthewordmostmonlyusedbypeopletodescribetheirrelationshiptoiPadandsimilardevices.(人们已经被影响到对科技上瘾。一项调查显示，人们最常用“上瘾”一词来形容他们与iPad及类似设备的关系)”可知，人们已经被影响到对科技上瘾。所以一项研究发现，人们在抗拒社交媒体的吸引力时，比抗拒睡眠、香烟和酒精时更困难。故画线词的意思是“吸引力”。A.Advantage.优点；B.Attraction.吸引力；C.Adaption.改编；D.Attempt.企图。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Themaingoaloftechnologypaniesistogetpeopletospendmoremoneyandtimeontheirproducts,nottoactuallyimproveourqualityoflife.(科技公司的主要目标是让人们在他们的产品上花更多的钱和时间，而不是提高我们的生活质量)”可知，现代科技公司的主要目标是吸引人们购买其产品。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Thatiswhatpeopleneedtoaskthemselvesifwearetohaveanychanceofbreakingupfalsebeliefsabouttheiruseoftechnology.Whenwecanlivehappilywithoutusingsomuchtechnologyforadayoraweek,thenwecanregaincontrolandpersonalfreedom,beethemasteroftechnologyanddiscoverwhatthereistoenjoyinlifefreeoftechnology.”可知，这就是人们需要扪心自问的问题，我们是否有机会打破关于他们使用技术的错误信念。当我们可以在一天或一周内不使用这么多技术而快乐地生活，那么我们就可以重新获得控制和个人自由，成为技术的主人，并发现在没有技术的生活中有什么可以享受的，由此判断出，如果不过度使用科技，人们可以更好地享受生活。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中“Iseepeopletrappedinapathological(病态的)relationshipwithtimesuckingtechnology,wheretheyservetechnologymorethantechnologyservesthem.”可知，我看到人们被浪费时间的技术困在一种病态的关系中，他们服务于技术而不是技术服务于他们。由此判断出，作者对过度使用高科技设备持反对态度。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。DifferentCulturesTheculturesoftheEastandtheWestreallydistinguishthemselvesfromeachotheralot.___16___.TheoriginoftheEasterncultureismainlyfromtwocountries:ChinaandIndia.Bothofthetwoculturesaredevelopedbyrivers—theYellowRiverinChinaandtheIndusRiverinIndia.___17___WhenthetwomotherriversgavebirthtotheEasternculture，anotherfamousculturewasbroughtupontheMesopotamianplain（美索不达米亚平原）一theMesopotamianCivilization.ThiscivilizationlaterondevelopedintotheculturesofAncientRomeandAncientGreek.___18___LiketheChineseculture，theEuropeanculturealsocrossedwaters.WhentheBritishsettleddowninAmerica，theirculturewentwiththemovertheAtlanticOcean.SotheAmericanculturedoesn'tdistinguishitselffromtheEuropeanculturealot.___19___Takethelanguagesystemforexample.IntheEast，mostlanguagesbelongtothepictographiclanguagewhiletheWesternlanguagesaremostlybasedontheLatinsystem.Othercauseslikehumanracedifferencescountaswell.Butwhat'smore，duetothefardistanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEastandtheWest，thetwoculturesseldommunicateuntilrecentcenturies.Sotheygrewuptotallyintheirownwayswithalmostnointerference（干预）fromtheother.Thedifferencesareeverywhere.___20___Butdifferentculturesmaketheworldinthe21stcenturymorevaried.Theculturalgapshouldnotbetheobstacletothecivilizationofhumanbeings.Itoughttobethemotivationforourgoingfarther.A.Letusworktogethertokeepavarietyofcultures.B.Oneimportantthingistolearnabouttheother'sculture.C.AndthesetwoarewellknownasthebaseoftheEuropeanculture.D.Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwoseparatesystemsonthewhole.E.Theyhelpedthetwoculturesdevelopforcenturiesandformtheirownstyles.F.Theyareobviousandaffectpeople'swaysofthinkingandtheirviewsoftheworld.G.Atthesametime，someotherdifferencesaddtotheculturaldifferences.【答案】16.D17.E18.C19.G20.F【解析】本文介绍了东西方文化的起源和发展，以及它们之间的差异。【16题详解】考查过渡句。上文说东西方文化真的有很大不同，D项说明了原因，符合语境。故选D项。【17题详解】考查承上启下句。根据“Bothofthetwoculturesaredevelopedbyrivers—theYellowRiverinChinaandtheIndusRiverinIndia”可知，中国的母亲河是黄河，而印度的母亲河则是印度河。E项与上句为承接关系，其中They指代的是黄河和印度河。故选E项。【18题详解】考查承上启下句。C项中的thesetwo与上文中提到的古罗马文化和古希腊文化相对应。故选C项。【19题详解】考查主旨句。空处为本段段首句。空后内容讲述的是东西方文化采用了不同的语言体系。这是两种文化的又一不同之处。综合选项可知，G项符合语境，引出下文。【20题详解】考查承上启下句。根据上一句“Thedifferencesareeverywhere”可知，本句应进一步论述它们的影响。分析选项可知，F项符合语境。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Manyyearsago,NormanCousinswasdiagnosedas"terminallyill".Hewasgivensixmonthstolive.His____21____forrecoverywas1in500.Hecouldseetheworry,depressionand____22____inhislifecontributedtohis____23____.Hewondered,"Ifillnesscanbecausedbybeing____24____,canhealthbecreatedbybeingpositive?"Hewas____25____tomakeanexperimentofhimself.Laughterwasoneofthemostpositiveactivitiesheknew.Herentedallthe____26____movieshecouldfindKeaton,Chaplin,Fields,theMarxBrothers.He____27____funnystories.Heaskedhisfriendstocallhim____28____theysaid,heardordidsomethingfunny.Hispainwassogreatthathecouldnotfall____29____.Laughingfor10minutes,hefound,____30____thepainforseveralhourssohecouldsleep.He____31____recoveredfromhisillnessandlived____32____20happy,healthyandproductiveyears.He____33____hisrecoverytotheloveofhisfamilyandfriends,andlaughter.Somepeoplethinklaughterisa____34____oftime.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Laughterisveryimportanttoour____35____life,toourhealthandhappiness,toouraliveness（活力）.Ifwe'renotwell,____36____helpsusgetwell;ifwearewell,laughterhelpsus____37____thatway.SinceCousins'groundbreakingsubjectivework,scientificstudieshaveshownthatlaughterhasahealing____38____onthebody,themindandtheemotions.So.ifyoulikelaughter,____39____itsoundmedicaladviceasoftenasyoucan.Ifyoudon'tlikealaughter,thentakeyour____40____—laughanyway.21.A.power B.right C.ability D.chance22.A.anger B.excitement C.happiness D.pleasure23.A.accident B.incident C.disease D.failure24.A.negative B.confident C.positive D.careless25.A.surprised B.determined C.honored D.allowed26.A.horror B.tragedy C.boring D.funny27.A.sold B.talked C.read D.recited28.A.however B.whatever C.whenever D.whichever29.A.silent B.asleep C.ill D.behind30.A.developed B.produced C.increased D.reduced31.A.equally B.fully C.exactly D.fairly32.A.theother B.other C.another D.others33.A.describes B.sees C.tries D.owes34.A.waste B.matter C.demand D.question35.A.busy B.balanced C.social D.crazy36.A.songs B.thoughts C.laughter D.understanding37.A.remain B.stop C.lead D.end38.A.effort B.effect C.result D.reason39.A.consider B.convince C.connect D.pare40.A.subject B.knowledge C.service D.medicine【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.A25.B26.D27.C28.C29.B30.D31.A32.C33.D34.A35.B36.C37.A38.B39.A40.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文讲述来了一个人由于经常忧虑、担心和生气患上了绝症，但是对于将要过早离开人世的他并不甘心，所以他想，既然消极的情绪可以引起疾病，那么积极的情绪当然可以带来健康，因此他决定尝试“笑”起来治愈自己的绝症，结果他又快乐地活了20年。有人认为笑对疾病无用、浪费时间，也有研究表明笑具有治愈给你。这个故事和研究结果告诉我们欢笑对于健康是多么的重要。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他恢复的几率是1/500。A.power力量；B.right权利；C.ability能力；D.chance机会、几率。根据前文提到他被诊断为“terminallyill（晚期疾病）”可知他康复的几率很低，故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他可以看到他生活中的担忧、沮丧和愤怒导致了他的疾病。A.anger愤怒；B.excitement快乐、激动；C.happiness幸福、快乐；D.pleasure快乐、希望。根据前面并列的worry（担忧）和depression（沮丧）可知此处需要贬义词，故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他可以看到他生活中的担忧、沮丧和愤怒导致了他的疾病。A.accident意外；B.incident事件；C.disease疾病；D.failure失败。根据前文可知Norman生病了，所以此处表示导致疾病，故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他想知道，“如果消极可以导致疾病，那么积极可以创造健康吗?”A.negative消极；B.confident自信；C.positive积极；D.careless粗心。根据下一句“canhealthbecreatedbybeingpositive?”积极与健康的关系可知，此处表达的是消极与疾病的关系，故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他决定自己做一次试验。A.surprised惊喜、惊讶；B.determined决定；C.honored尊重；D.allowed允许。上文内容提到他得出了一个观点是态度与疾病的关系，结合下文他找各自开心的事情做，可知他想做一次实验证实一下这个观点是否正确。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他租了所有他能找到的滑稽电影——基顿、卓别林、菲尔兹和马克思兄弟。A.horror恐怖的；B.tragedy悲伤的；C.boring无聊的；D.funny有趣的、搞笑的。根据上一句内容提到他知道笑是最积极的一种活动之一，所以此处应用表示开心的词汇，看有趣、搞笑的电影，基顿、卓别林、菲尔兹和马克思兄弟这些人的作品都是搞笑的，故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他读很多有趣的故事。A.sold卖；B.talked谈论；C.read阅读；D.recited背。根据前文以及“funnystories”可知他在做很多快乐的事情，读有趣的故事是其中一种，故选C。【28题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：无论什么时候他的朋友说了、听了或者是做了有趣的事情，他都请求朋友们给他打，A.however然而、无论怎样；B.whatever无论什么；C.whenever无论何时；D.whichever无论何地。分析句子可知是whenever引导的让步状语从句。故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他疼得无法入睡。A.silent沉默；B.asleep睡着；C.ill生病；D.behind落后。根据本段“Hispainwassogreat”可知此处表达他因为疼痛无法入睡，故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发现笑十分钟，可以让痛苦减轻几个小时。A.developed发展；B.produced生产；C.increased增加；D.reduced减少。根据最后一句“sohecouldsleep（他可以入睡）”可知他的痛苦因为笑减少了，故选D。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他完全康复了，又过了快乐、健康、多产的20年。A.equally对等地；B.fully完全地；C.exactly准确地；D.fairly公平地。多活了20年说明他完全康复了，故选A。【32题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：他完全康复了，又过了快乐、健康、富有成效的20年。A.theother其他；B.other其他；C.another另外的、又；D.others其他人（事）。another+数词+名词表示“又、再”符合句意，他又活了20年，故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把自己的康复归功于家人、朋友的笑声。A.describes描述；B.sees看到、明白；C.tries努力、尝试；D.owes拥有、承认；短语owesthtostn/sb表示“把..归功于...”，最后这个人获得了康复，除了家人朋友，还有笑在起作用，故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人认为笑是浪费时间。A.waste浪费；B.matter事情、影响；C.demand需求；D.question问题。根据下一段第一句内容“Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.（没有什么比这更偏离事实的了。）”对这个观点的回答，以及下一段内容对笑的力量、好处的描述可知，此处表达有人认为笑是浪费时间的，故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：笑对于我们平衡的生活、健康和快乐还有活力是非常重要的。A.busy忙碌的；B.balanced平衡的；C.social社会的；D.crazy疯狂的。根据后面排比列举的健康、快乐、活力可知此处选用褒义词修饰生活，笑对于我们平衡的生活、健康和快乐还有活力是非常重要的。故选B。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不健康，笑会让我们变得更健康。A.songs歌曲；B.thoughts思想；C.laughter笑；D.understanding理解。根据前面的“Laughterisveryimportant...（笑对于...是非常重要的）”可知此处讲述的笑对身体不健康的作用，故选C。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们健康，它会让我们保持健康。A.remain保持；B.stop停止；C.lead导致；D.end结束。同上题，一样在描述笑的作用，身体健康的情况下笑会让我们保持健康，故选A。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从Cousins进行了开拓性的主观研究以来，科学研究已经表明，笑对身体、心理和情绪都有治疗作用。A.effort努力；付出；B.effect效果；C.result结果；D.reason原因。根据形容词healing（治愈的）可知此处表示笑的治愈效果，故选B。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你喜欢笑，就尽可能地把它当成一个合理的医嘱。A.consider考虑、认为、当成；B.convince使...确信；C.connect联系；Dpare比较。根据上一段内容提到药具有治愈效果，所以喜欢笑的话就把笑当成合理的医嘱。故选A。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你不喜欢笑，那就把药（笑）吃下吧，无论如何笑吧。A.subject科目、主题；B.knowledge知识；C.service服务；D.medicine药。根据上一句提到把笑当成合理的医嘱可知此句表达把笑当成药吃下。故选D。【点睛】第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）Ibecameanursebecauseofmydad.___41___(suffer)fromcancermadehimpainfulandinlowspirits.ThenIsawthepeople___42___madethemostdifferences:Theyfortedhimandhelpedreduce___43___(he)pain.Iwantedtobeapartofthat.Trustinnursingisalmostonaspirituallevel.Thepeoplewecareforarethemostfrightened.Theybelievethatyouwillgiveeverythingyouhaveandthatyouwillbethereforthemmentallyand___44___(emotion).AparentofachildIwastakingcareofforseveral___45___(mont