大学英语四级-语法

CollegeEnglishTestBand4-GrammarintroductionmorphologyTensesandVoicesNonfiniteverbsSubjunctivemoodCompoundsentenceSpecialsentencepatternsintroduction01VSThecourseaimstoimprovestudents'Englishgrammarskills,includingsentencestructure,tenseusage,andpunctuation.ImportanceofgrammarGoodgrammarskillsareessentialforeffectivecommunicationinEnglish,astheyhelptoconveymeaningaccuratelyandavoidmisunderstandings.CourseobjectivesCourseobjectivesandimportanceCurriculumoutlineThecoursecoversvariousaspectsofEnglishgrammar,includingsentencetypes,verbtenses,andcomplexsentencestructures.LearningplanStudentsareexpectedtocompleteassignedreadings,participateinclassdiscussions,completepracticeexercises,andtakeperiodicquizzesandexams.Thecoursealsoincludesopportunitiesforstudentstoreceivefeedbackontheirgrammarworkandimprovetheirlanguageskillsthroughindividualizedinstructionandsmall-groupactivities.Curriculumoutlineandlearningplanmorphology02Nounisapartofspeechthatnamesaperson,place,thing,animal,oridea.Nounisapartofspeechthatnamesaperson,place,thing,animal,oridea.Itcanbeeitheracountablenounoramassnoun.Countablenounscanbesingularorplural,whilemassnounsaresingularonly.nounVerbisapartofspeechthatexpressesactionorstateofbeing.Verbisapartofspeechthatexpressesactionorstateofbeing.Itcanbeeitheraninfinitiveverb,aparticipleverb,orafiniteverb.Infinitiveverbsareuninflectedformsoftheverb,participleverbsareverbformsthatcanfunctionasadjectives,andfiniteverbsareverbformsthatcanfunctionaspredicates.verbAdjectivesandadverbsarewordsthatdescribeormodifynounsandverbs.Adjectivesarewordsthatdescribenounsorpronouns,whileadverbsarewordsthatmodifyverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs.Adjectivescanbeeitherqualitativeorquantitative,whileadverbscanbeeithertemporal,modal,orlocational.adjectivesandadverbsPrepositionisapartofspeechthatshowstherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandsomeotherwordinthesentence.Prepositionisapartofspeechthatshowstherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandsomeotherwordinthesentence.Itisusuallyfollowedbyanounorpronounintheobjectivecase.Prepositionscanbesimpleorcompound,andtheyareoftenusedwitharticlesandquantifierstoexpressquantityoramount.prepositionConjunctionisapartofspeechthatjoinswords,phrases,orclausestogether.Conjunctionisapartofspeechthatjoinswords,phrases,orclausestogether.Itcanbeeitheracoordinatingconjunctionorasubordinatingconjunction.Coordinatingconjunctionsareusedtojoinwordsorphrasesofequalgrammaticalimportance,whilesubordinatingconjunctionsareusedtojoinclausesinwhichoneclauseissubordinatetotheotherclause.conjunctionTensesandVoices03PresentcontinuoustenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatishappeningatthemomentorwillbehappeninginthefuture.PresentperfecttenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthathasbeencompletedinthepastandhasrelevancetothepresent.SimplepresenttenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatisongoingorhabitual.PresenttenseSimplepasttenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthathappenedinthepastandiscompleted.PastcontinuoustenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatwashappeninginthepastataparticulartime.PastperfecttenseItisusedtoexpressanactioninthepastthathappenedbeforeanotherpastaction.Pasttense030201Itisusedtoexpressanactionthatwillhappeninthefuture.SimplefuturetenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatwillbehappeningataparticulartimeinthefuture.FuturecontinuoustenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatwillbecompletedbeforeanotheractioninthefuture.FutureperfecttenseFuturetensepassivevoiceNonfiniteverbs0403例句Toseeistobelieve.(眼见为实)01定义动词原形，无时态、人称和数的变化，表示动作或状态，不与句子其他成分发生关系。02用法作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。Infinitive动名词，具有名词性质，表示动作或状态。定义作主语、宾语、表语等。用法Readingismyfavoritehobby.(阅读是我最喜欢的爱好)例句010203Gerund定义分词，具有形容词性质，表示动作或状态。用法作定语、状语等。例句Thefallenleavescoveredtheground.(落叶覆盖了地面)participleSubjunctivemood05SummaryThesubjunctivemoodisoftenusedinconditionalsentencestoexpresswishes,hypotheses,orcontrary-to-factconditions.HypotheticalconditionsThesubjunctivemoodcanalsobeusedtoexpresshypotheticalortheoreticalsituations.Forexample,"IfIwereabird,Iwouldfly."WishesanddesiresThesubjunctivemoodcanbeusedtoexpresswishesordesires.Forexample,"IwishIwereyounger."Conditionalswith"if"Insentenceswith"if,"thesubjunctivemoodisusedinthe"contrary-to-fact"condition(theonethatisnottrue).Forexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwoulddoitdifferently."TheusageofsubjunctivemoodinconditionalsentencesTheusageofsubjunctivemoodinsubjectclausesSummary:Thesubjunctivemoodisoftenusedinsubjectclausestoexpresswishesorhypothesesaboutthesubject.Subjectclauseswith"that":Whenthesubjectofaclauseisfollowedby"that,"thesubjunctivemoodisoftenused.Forexample,"Hesaidthatifhewereyounger,hewoulddoit."Informalspeechandwriting:Ininformalspeechandwriting,thesubjunctivemoodisoftenomitted,andtheindicativemoodisusedinstead.Forexample,"Hesaidthathewoulddoitifhewasyounger."Subordinateclauseswith"who"or"which":Whenasubordinateclausebeginswith"who"or"which,"thesubjunctivemoodissometimesused.Forexample,"Thepersonwhowereherebeforeleft."Thesubjunctivemoodislesscommoninobjectclauses,butitcanbeusedtoexpresswishesorhypothesesabouttheobject.SummaryWhenanobjectclauseisintroducedby"that,"thesubjunctivemoodcanbeused.Forexample,"Ihopethatifshewerehere,shewouldagree."Objectclauseswith"that"Aswithsubjectclauses,thesubjunctivemoodisoftenomittedininformalspeechandwriting.Forexample,"Ihopethatshewouldagreeifshewashere."InformalspeechandwritingWhenanobjectclauseisintroducedby"to,"thesubjunctivemoodisnotusuallyused.Forexample,"Isuggestedtohimthatheshoulddoit."Objectclauseswith"to"TheusageofsubjunctivemoodinobjectclausesCompoundsentence06Attributiveclause定义修饰名词或代词的从句，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。例子ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.定义修饰整个句子的从句，通常放在句子的中间或末尾。例子Iwillgototheparty,ifmyfriendisinvited.AdverbialclauseSubjectclause在主语位置上的从句，通常放在句子的中间或末尾。例子Iknowthatyouareagoodstudent.(Subjectclause)Objectclause在宾语位置上的从句，通常放在句子的末尾。SubjectclauseandobjectclauseSpecialsentencepatterns07SummaryThispatternisusedtoemphasizeaparticularpartofthesentence,makingitstandoutmorethantherest.Example"Itwasshewhosolvedthepuzzle."(Emphasizing"she")ExplanationTheemphasizedpatternusesspecificgrammaticalstructurestohighlightaparticularpartofthesentence,oftenforemphasisortodrawattentiontoaspecificdetail.Emphasizedpattern010203SummaryThispatterninvolvesleavingoutcertainpartsofthesentencetocreateamoreconciseorellipticalexpre