人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Poems Reading and Thinking 课件

Unit5poemsReadingandThinkingAFewSimpleFormsOfEnglishPoemsTherearevariousreasonswhypeoplecomposepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribeacertainimageinthereader'smind.Otherstrytoconveycertainfeelingssuchasjoyandsorrow.Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofpoetryoftenincludeeconomicaluseofwords,descriptiveandvividlanguage,integratedimagery,literarydevicessuchassimilesandmetaphors,andarrangementofwords,lines,rhymes,andrhythm.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.Nowwewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.人们写诗的原因多种多样。有些诗讲述一个故事，有的在读者心中描绘出一个意象。还有一些诗歌则试图表达特定的情感，如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括精炼的用词，生动的描述性语言和生动，整体的意象，类似明喻和隐喻的文学手法，以及字词、诗行、韵脚和节奏的编排。诗人用许多不同的诗歌形式来表达自己。现在，我们来看看几个较为简单的诗歌形式。AFewSimpleFormsOfEnglishPoemsSomeofthefirstpoemsayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenurseryrhymes.Theyareusuallythetraditionalpoemsorfolksongs.Thelanguageoftheserhymes,likePoemA,istothepointbuthasastoryline.Manychildrenenjoynurseryrhymesbecausetheyrhyme,haveastrongrhythm,andoftenrepeatthesamewords.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.一个孩童最初学会的一些英文诗歌就是童谣。它们通常是传统的诗歌或民谣。这些童谣的语言恰到好处，却含有故事情节，如诗歌A。很多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏强，而且经常重复相同的字眼。这些童谣可能没有道理，甚至看起来自相矛盾，但很容易学习和背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学会了语言。AAFewSimpleFormsOfEnglishPoemsOneofthesimplestkindsofpoemisthe"listpoem",whichcontainsalistofthings,people,ideas,ordescriptionsthatdevelopaparticulartheme.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.Somerhyme(likeBandC),whileothersdonot.“清单诗”是最简单的诗歌形式之一，它包含了一系列有关事物、人物、想法或描述内容的清单，形成了特定的主题。清单诗的诗行长度灵活，重复出现的短语赋予诗歌某种模式和节奏。有些清单诗押韵(如诗歌B和诗歌C)，而另一些则不押韵。BCAFewSimpleFormsOfEnglishPoemsAnothersimpleformofpoemthatamateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,whichismadeupoffivelines.Withthese,youcanconveyastrongpictureoracertainmoodinjustafewwords.Lookattheexample(D).

（对于）业余爱好者（而言）容易创作的另一种简单诗歌形式是五行诗。它由五个诗行构成。通过这些诗行，你可以用短短几句话就表达出一幅动人的画面或某种心情。请看范例(诗歌D)。DAFewSimpleFormsOfEnglishPoemsHaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatconsistsof17syllables.Ithasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllablesrespectively.ItisnotatraditionalformofEnglishpoetry,butisverypopularwithEnglishwriters.Itiseasytowriteand,likethecinquain,cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingveryfewwords.Thehaikupoem(E)ontherightisatranslationfromJapanese,which

showsamomentinthelifeofadelicatebutterfly.俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。它的格式为三行，每行的音节分别是5个、7个、5个。俳句并非一种传统的英语诗歌形式，但在英国作家中却十分流行。俳句易于创作，而且与五行诗一样，用寥寥数语即可展现一个清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的情感。右边的俳句(诗歌E)是从日语翻译过来的。展示了一只娇弱的蝴蝶生命中的一刻。EAFewSimpleFormsOfEnglishPoemsEnglishspeakersalsoenjoypoemsfromChina,thosefromtheTangDynastyinparticular.AlotofTangpoetryhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish,suchasthisone(F).以英语为母语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌，尤其是唐诗。很多唐诗已经被翻译成英文，比如这首(诗歌F)。望夫处，江悠悠。化为石，不回头。上头日日风复雨。行人归来石应语。——王建FWithsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom,youmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsofyourown.Giveitatry!有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你可能最终想写自己写几首诗。试一试吧!Poemspaintpictureswithwordsthroughtheuseoffiguresofspeechandmetaphors,sotounderstandapoemfully,youhavetoimagineinyourmindthepicturethepoemispainting.Further,thesounds,rhythm,andrhymesinapoemgiveitamusicalquality.Poemsoftenhavetobereadaloud,andwithfeeling,tobereallyunderstoodandenjoyed.诗是通过修辞和隐喻的运用，用文字来描绘图画的，所以要想充分理解一首诗，你必须在脑海中想象诗所描绘的画面。此外，诗歌的声音、节奏和韵律赋予它一种音乐感。诗歌常常需要大声朗读，带着感情，才能真正地被理解和欣赏。PoetrycomprehensionReadthetextandcompletethetableonpage51.TypeofpoemCharacteristicsExampleTopicsandpoeticdevicesNurseryrhymeconcretebutcreativelanguageAlovebetweenfatherandbabyrhymes,repetitionListpoemBCCinquainDHaikuETangpoemFlistsofthings,people,ideas,ordescriptionsofaparticularthemeflexiblelinelengthrepeatedphra