北京市朝阳区高三上学期期中质量检测英语试题

北京市朝阳区2020～2021学年度第一学期期中质量检测高三英语试卷(考试时间90分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分:知识运用(共两节，25分)第一节完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OneMothertoAnotherOnWednesdayevening,ourdaughter,whowasataboardingschoolover200kilometersaway,toldusthatshehadlostherphonewhenshetookpartinanactivityoffcampus.Werealizedthatwehadlittlechanceoffindingit.Thenextmorning,myphonebeeped(哔哔响)loudly.Akindvoiceannouncedthatshehadsomethingthatbelongedtomydaughter.I___1___thatIlivedathreehourdriveaway,andtoldherIwouldaskafriendtofetchthephone.Mydaughterhadwrittenmynumberontheinsideofherphone’scase—goodthinking!AftercontactingthepeopleIknowwholivedneartheschool,Iwasoutof___2___—noonecouldgoand___3___thephone,notsurprisinglyasitwastheworkingdayandeveryonewasbusy.Idecidedtoasktheladytopostthephonetomydaughter.ButwhenIsentheratexttoaskifthiswouldbeOK,shereplied,“Wewill___4___itandwe’regoingtodrivedowntotheboardingschooltonight.”Tomy___5___,thiswonderfulcouple,whohadalreadyspentabusydayatwork,wasmakingaroundtriponthenight,___6___forreturningaphonetoapletestranger.Howtouchingitwas!Igavethemdirectionsandthey___7___thephoneintothehandsofmydaughteratherboardinghouse.Theonlywordofanexplanationwas,“I’vegotchildrenofmyown,andIknowhowamother___8___.”Wehadthoughtthatthechanceofgettingbackthephonewas___9___,butwegotitbackinsuchashorttime.Itwasawonderfulreminderofthegoodintheworldandhowtheactionsofonepersoncan_____10_____theworldtoanother.1.A.suggested B.reported C.explained D.argued2.A.date B.luck C.work D.control3.A.pickup B.carryout C.handin D.giveaway4.A.find B.show C.miss D.take5.A.regret B.surprise C.amusement D.disappointment6.A.especially B.certainly C.definitely D.probably7.A.conducted B.arranged C.delivered D.identified8.A.doubts B.interests C.predicts D.worries9.A.free B.slim C.hard D.fair10.A.tell B.face C.mean D.join【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D5.B6.A7.C8.D9.B10.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了远在寄宿学校的女儿丢了，一对好心的陌生夫妇特地来回奔波给她送的事情。作者从此事中感受到，人的善行能够影响到别人。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我解释道我住在三小时的车程开外，并且告诉她我会让一个朋友去拿这个。A.suggested建议；B.reported报道；C.explained解释；D.argued争论。根据语境可知，此处母亲“我”接到来自对方的，应该是与对方解释自己路程较远。故选C项。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在联系了住在学校附近的熟人后，我很不走运——没人能去接，这并不奇怪，因为那天是工作日，大家都很忙。A.date日期，B.luck运气；C.work工作；D.control控制。根据下文“notsurprisinglyasitwastheworkingdayandeveryonewasbusy”推测，因为那天是工作日，大家都很忙，“我”并没有找到可以拿的人，应该是不走运的。outofluck“不走运的”。故选B项。【3题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.pickup捡起，获得；B.carryout执行；C.handin上交；D.giveaway捐赠。根据上文语境可知，此处“我”找不到可以拿的人，pickupthephone“拿”，符合题意。故选A项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我给她发短信问她这样行不行时，她回答：“我们将会带上它，并且我们今天晚上将会开车去寄宿学校。”A.find找到；B.show展示；C.miss错过，想念；D.take带。根据下文“drivedowntotheboardingschool”判断，陌生人应该是要带上去找“我”的女儿，将还给她。故选D项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这对完美的夫妇，已经忙了一天的工作，却要在晚上来回奔波，尤其是为了把还给一个完全陌生的人。A.regret遗憾；B.surprise惊讶；C.amusement娱乐；D.disappointment失望。根据本句句意推测，“我”应该对于这对陌生夫妇的表现非常吃惊。故选B项。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.especially尤其；B.certainly当然；C.definitely肯定。根据语境判断，“我”认为陌生夫妇的行为是让人惊讶的，尤其是为了陌生人。故选A项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我给了他们方向，他们将递到了在公寓里的我女儿的手上。A.conducted执行；B.arranged安排；C.delivered递送；D.identified识别。根据上文可知，此处陌生夫妇将送到了“我”的女儿的手上。故选C项。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有我自己的孩子，我知道一个妈妈有多担心。A.doubts怀疑；B.interests感兴趣；C.predicts预测；D.worries担心。根据“I’vegotmychildrenofmyown”可知，这位送的也是一位母亲，也能体会到作为一个母亲的担心。故选D项。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们原以为拿回的机会很渺茫，但是我们在这么短的时间内就把它拿了回来。A.free空闲的；B.slim小的，少的；C.hard困难的；D.fair公平的。根据后半句句意推测，原来对于拿回这件事已经不抱希望了，即希望很小。故选B项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它很好地提醒我们世界上有善，并且一个人的行为对另一个人意味着整个世界。A.tell告诉；B.face面对；C.mean意味；D.join加入。根据语境判断，“我”从陌生夫妇的行为中知道了人的善行对于另外一个人的影响是如此之大，meantheworldtoanother“对另外一个人意味着世界”，符合语境。故选C项。第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ilovemycampusverymuch.IthasalotofbuildingstraditionalinChinesestylebutmoderninequipment.Havingclassesinthemalways___11___(make)mefeelexcitedwiththebusyworldandrelaxedaboutthelonghistoryofournation.Outofthehousesarebeautifulgardens___12___(surround)bytrees.Inthemorning,wereadaloudbythelakeorbehindthehill.TheairissofreshandsweetthatveryoftenIthinkhow___13___(luck)Iamtostudyinsuchabeautifulcampus.【答案】11.makes12.surrounded13.lucky【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者在文章中介绍和赞美了自己的母校。【11题详解】考查主谓一致。句意：在里面上课总是让我对繁忙的世界感到兴奋和对我们国家的悠久历史感到放松。分析句子结构可知make作句子的谓语，主语为动名词Havingclasses(上课)，根据主谓一致原则，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，根据状语“always(总是)”以及句子内容在陈述客观事实可知，时态为一般现在时。故填makes。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：房子外面是美丽的花园，周围都是树。根据句子中使用了系动词are可知，surround在句子中作非谓语动词，根据介词by和句意可知，surround与逻辑主语gardens(花园)之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词，表示被动，作gardens的后置定语。故填surrounded。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：空气是如此的新鲜和甜蜜，我经常想我是多么幸运能在这样一个美丽的校园学习。根据“Iam”可知，需要使用形容词作表语，luck(幸运)的形容词为lucky。故填lucky。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whalesusesoundtogetinformationaroundthem.Byconstantly___14___(send)outsoundsthathitunderwaterobjectsandeback,whalesreceiveinformation.Thiswayofusingsoundiscalledsonar.Recently,scientistshavefoundthatwhales___15___(harm)bythepowerfulsonaringfromships.Thisproblemisbeingstudied,andpeople’slevelofawarenessoftheproblemis___16___(high)thaneverbefore.Nowshipsaroundtheworldaretryingtobemorecarefulwhenusingsonar.【答案】14.sending15.areharmed/arebeingharmed16.higher【解析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了由于船只强大声呐的干扰，鲸鱼受到了伤害。人类正在提升意识，尽量避免这一事件的发生。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过不断发出声音，撞击水下物体，然后返回，鲸鱼可以接收到信息。by为介词，意思为“通过”，后面应接动名词形式。故填sending。【15题详解】考查一般现在时（现在进行时）的被动语态。句意：最近，科学家们发现鲸鱼（正）受到来自船只的强大声纳的伤害。本句是that引导的宾语从句，空格处为宾语从句的谓语部分，根据by“被”可推测，句子为被动语态。根据语境可知，此处可以表示“鲸鱼被船只的声呐伤害”这件事，也可以强调这件事正在发生，因此，时态可以是一般现在时或者现在进行时。主语whales为复数，故填areharmed或arebeingharmed【16题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：这一问题正在得到研究，人们对这一问题的认识程度比以往任何时候都高。根据than可知，句子为比较级句型，放在is后面为形容词比较级，故填higher。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ruleshelpuslivetogetherinamunity.Atmylocalpark,thereisasignthatreads,“Keepoffthegrass.”Becauseourmunityhasaneedforanicegreenspace___17___(relax),weareexpectedtokeepourparkcleanandingoodconditionforeveryone’senjoyment.Ifonepersonbreakstherules,morepeople___18___(follow)himanddowhattheywant.Inamunity,rulesareinplacetoprotecteveryone.Whatwedoand___19___weactaffecteveryone,notjustourselves.Weneedrulesinordertolive___20___(safe).【答案】17.torelax18.willfollow19.how20.safely【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。论述了按照规则生活的重要性。【详解】1.考查todo不定式作目的状语。句意：因为我们的社区需要一个好的绿色空间来放松……需要绿色空间的目的是为了放松，表目的用todo不定式。故填torelax。2.考查时态。句意：如果一个人打破了规则，更多的人会效仿他，做他们想做的事。在条件状语从句中，主将从现。根据if条件句中使用一般现在时可知，主句中使用一般将来时，故填willfollow。3.考查名词性从句。句意：我们做的事情和我们做事的方式会影响每个人而不是只有我们自己。动词affect前缺少主语，所以空格处引导主语从句。从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，根据句意，表示“如何”用how。故填how。4.考查副词。句意：我们需要规则来安全地生活。修饰动词应用副词，故填safely。第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，共30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AArbeiaRomanFort(城堡)andMuseumLocationandHistoryArbeiaRomanFortissituatedonHadrian’sWall.ItwasthemostimportantstructurebuiltbytheRomansinBritain,andnowithasbeenaWorldHeritage(遗产)Site.BuiltaroundAD160,ArbeiaRomanFortwasthemilitarysupplybaseforthesoldierswhowerestationedalongHadrian’sWall.Theforthasbeengraduallyuncoveredandsomeoriginalpartshavebeenrevealed.TherearereconstructionsthatshowhowArbeiaRomanFortwouldhavelooked.TheReconstructionsThereconstructionsofthemandingOfficer’shouseandsoldiers’quartersarestrikinglydifferent.Theacmodationforsoldiersisdarkandunfortable,whilethemandingOfficer’shouseisspaciousandluxurious,withcourtyardswithfountainsforhimandhisfamilytoenjoy.TheMuseumVisitthemuseumandseemanyobjectsthatwerefoundatArbeia.Theyarehistoricallyimportantandshowwhatdailylifewasreallylikeatthattime.Youwillseeweapons,tools,jewellery,andsoon.YoucanalsodiscoverhowtheRomansburiedtheirdeadandseetombstones(墓碑)whichsurvivetothisday.Thereisa“handson”areaallowingvisitorstodigonacertainsiteandstudytheirfindingswiththehelpofmuseumstaff.Youcanpiecetogetherpottery(陶器),ortrywritingjustastheRomanswouldhavedone.Forchildren,theycanbuildthisancientRomanfortwithbuildingblocksbythemselves.OpeningTimesandGettingThereApril1October31:MondaytoSaturday10:00am5:00pm,Sunday2:00pm5:00pm.November1March31:MondaytoSaturday11:00am4:00pm,closedSunday.(ClosedDecember2526andJanuary1)Entryisfree.ArbeiaisonlyatenminutewalkfromthebusstationatSouthShields.Freecarparknearby.Website:21.Accordingtothepassage,ArbeiaRomanFort______.A.wasrelatedtothemilitary B.gotreconstructionsaroundAD160C.wasbuiltinasmallareainRome D.providedafortablelifeforsoldiers22.Whatcanvisitorsdointhemuseum?A.Seehistoricalobjects. B.Buildtombstonesforthedead.C.WritetoancientRomans. D.Tryusingoldtoolsandweapons.23.WhattimedoesArbeiaRomanFortclose?A.OnApril1. B.OnOctober31. C.OnNovember1. D.OnDecember26.【答案】21.A22.A23.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了旅游景点ArbeiaRomanFortandMuseum的位置、历史、重建及开放时间等信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。由第一段第三句“…ArbeiaRomanFortwasthemilitarysupplybaseforthesoldiers…”可知，ArbeiaRomanFort城堡以前是一个为士兵们提供物资的军事供应基地，说明它以前与军事有关联。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由第三段前两句“VisitthemuseumandseemanyobjectsthatwerefoundatArbeia.Theyarehistoricallyimportantandshowwhatdailylifewasreallylikeatthattime(参观博物馆，看看许多在阿贝亚发现的物体。它们在历史上是重要的，并展示了当时的日常生活是什么样子)”可知，博物馆里展出的物件都是些历史文物。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。关于参观时间介绍的最后一句“ClosedDecember2526andJanuary1”可得出12月26日是关门的。故选D项。【点睛】

BLearningtosay“yes,and”WhenIfirstheardabouttheimprovisation(即兴交流)classIwashesitating.Asaquietandshygirl,Ifearedimprovisinginfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencemunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.,soitseemedlikeaperfectopportunitytolearnhowtospeakandmunicatewithotherseffectively.Isignedup,knowingtheexperiencewouldgivemehelp.Duringourfirstclass,welearnedanimportantconceptofimprovisation:“yes,and.”Itmeansthat,asimprovisers,we’dbetteracceptwhatfellowperformerssay.Ifsomeonesaysthatrhinos(犀牛)arelibrarians,forexample,thenrhinosarelibrarians.Wedonotquestionthelogic;wesay“yes”andthencontinuewiththesceneasifnothingiswrong.Thefirstfewsceneswerehard,butasweeksturnedintomonths,Ibecamemorefortableandevenstartedtoenjoyourclasses.Ibecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andmunicatingclearlyinthemoment.OncewhenIwasgivingapresentationaboutmyscience,anaudiencemembersurprisedmewithaquestionthatdidn’tgrowoutoftheinformationI’dpresented.Insteadofgettingconfusedandnervous,Itookthe“yes,and”approach—acceptingthequestionandlettingmymindfocusonwhyitwasasked.Thathelpedmefindanappropriateanswer.Igotprettyexcitedaboutit.Thebenefitsofimprovisationgobeyondmunication.Beforeattendingtheclass,Iwouldgetstuckwhenmyexperimentsproducedunexpecteddata,thinkingthatIhadmadeamistake.Butnow,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Iwillstayopentothepossibilitythattheresultsarereal,keepexploringthedataandendupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatisn’tbehavingasexpected.Ithinkallscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit’sworthfindingoutwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Asscientists,ourjobisn’ttochallengedatathatsupportapreconceived(先入为主的)story,buttosay“yes,and.”24.Whydidtheauthorattendtheimprovisationclass?A.Togetadifferentexperience.B.TofinishherPh.D.atuniversity.C.Togiveupherjobasasciencemunicator.D.Toimproveherspeakingandmunicatingability.25.Whatwastheauthor’schangeafterattendingtheimprovisationclass?A.Sheformedherownideaquickly.B.Shecameupwithlotsofcreativeresponses.C.Shepaidmoreattentiontothelogicofanswers.D.Shebecameagoodlistenerbeforegivinganopinion26.Theauthormentionsapplyingthe“yes,and”approachtoherscientificexperimentsto______.A.explaintheprocessofusingthemethodB.provethebenefitsoftheimprovisationclassC.shareherownresearchexperienceswithreadersD.attractfellowscientiststoattendtheimprovisationclass27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutscientistsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyshouldattendtheimprovisationclass.B.Theyshouldquestionallpreconceivedideas.C.Theyshouldcarryonresearchbyadmittingearlierdata.D.Theyshouldtrytoimprovetheirprofessionalknowledge.【答案】24.D25.D26.B27.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者参加一门即兴交流课程，想要提高自己的沟通能力，详细描写了参加课程后自身所发生的一些变化，以及这门课程带给自己的积极影响。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Asaquietandshygirl,Ifearedimprovisinginfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencemunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.,soitseemedlikeaperfectopportunitytolearnhowtospeakandmunicatewithotherseffectively.Isignedup,knowingtheexperiencewouldgivemehelp.”可知作为一个安静害羞的女孩，我害怕在陌生人面前即兴交流。然而，我知道我想在完成博士学位后从事科学传播者的工作，所以这似乎是一个学习如何有效地说话和与他人沟通的完美机会。我报名参加了，因为我知道这次经历会对我有所帮助。由此可知，作者参加即兴交流课，是为了提高她的开口说话的沟通能力。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ibecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andmunicatingclearlyinthemoment.”可知我变得更善于倾听，与我的谈话伙伴建立联系，并在那一刻清晰地交流。由此可知，作者参加了即兴交流课之后，所发生的变化是她在发表意见之前，先成为了一个好的倾听者。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thebenefitsofimprovisationgobeyondmunication.Beforeattendingtheclass,Iwouldgetstuckwhenmyexperimentsproducedunexpecteddata,thinkingthatIhadmadeamistake.Butnow,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Iwillstayopentothepossibilitythattheresultsarereal,keepexploringthedataandendupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatisn’tbehavingasexpected.(即兴交流的好处不仅仅体现在交流方面。在参加这门课之前，当我的实验产生了意想不到的数据时，我会卡住，认为自己犯了错误。但现在，我不会气馁，而是会保持开放的态度，相信结果是真实的，继续探索数据，最终确定一种新的细胞类型——一种没有按照预期表现的细胞)”由此可推知，作者提到在她的科学实验中运用“yes,and”的方法，是为了证明即兴交流课的好处。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ithinkallscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit’sworthfindingoutwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Asscientists,ourjobisn’ttochallengedatathatsupportapreconceived(先入为主的)story,buttosay‘yes,and.’”可知我想所有的科学家都能从这一门课程中受益。如果数据显示犀牛是图书管理员，那么就值得去了解犀牛是否真的是图书管理员。作为科学家，我们的工作不是挑战支持先入为主故事的数据，而是说“是的，而且”。由此可推知，科学家应该通过承认早期数据来进行研究。故选C。CSuccessandRiskinExtremeSportsWhatisitthatdrivessometotakeextremerisks,whiletherestofushurryforthesafetyofthesidelines?LesterKeller,sportspsychologyexpert,saysthatnoteveryonehasthementalmakeuptodowellinextremesports.Henotesthatmostofushitanaturalceilingthatlimitsourappetiteforextremeriskintrickyconditions.Butothershaveamuchhighertoleranceforrisk.Kellerpointstoatopskiracer.HetoldKellerthat“thehighelementofriskmakesyoufeelalive,testswhatyouaremadeofandhowfaryoucantakeyourself”.Hesaidhewouldgetnervousonsomeofthecourses,butthatthiswouldjustmakehimfightmore.Psychologistsnotethatsomepeopleseemtohaveastrongdesireforadrenaline(肾上腺素)rushesasabehaviorseekingexcitedfeelings.Likemanyextremeathletes,EmilyCook’sappetiteforriskappearedatayoungage.“Iwasagymnast,”shesaid.“Iwasoneofthosekidswhoenjoyedanddidwellatanythingwhereyouwereupsidedown.”Asshestarteddoinghardertricks,shewasdrawntothechallenge.“Therearemomentswhenyou’reuptheredoinganewtrickanditseemslikeanimpossiblething.Butoveringthatisjustthecoolestfeelingintheworld.”ShaneMurphy,sportsprofessor,hasworkedwithgroupsclimbingEverest.“Tome,thatjustseemsliketheheightofrisk,”hesaid.“Buttothemitwasthenextstepinanactivitythatthey’vepreparedforyears.”Murphysaidtheviewofextremeathletesisdifferentfromourown.“Welookatariskysituationandknowthatifwewereinthatsituationwewouldbeoutofcontrol.Butfromtheathletes’view,theyhavealotofcontrol,andtherearemanythingsthattheydotominimizerisk.”Anotheraspectofriskperception(认知)maybesomethingreferredtoas“theflow”,astateinwhichmanyathletesbeeabsorbedintheactsthatfocusthemindpletelyonthepresent.“Somethingthatmakesyoutrydoingatougherclimbthanusual,perhaps,isthatyouradrenalineflowsandyoubeeveryconcentratedonwhatyou’redoing,”Murphysays.“Afterit’sover,there’sgreatexcitement.”Peopleofdifferentskilllevelsexperiencetheflowatdifferenttimes.Somemayalwaysbedriventoadventuresthatothersconsiderextreme.“Icanenjoyhittingatennisballaround,becausethat’smyskilllevel,”Murphysays.“ButothersmightneedthechallengeofOlympicpetition.”28.Byusingtheterm“naturalceiling”inParagraph2,LesterKellerpointsoutthat______.A.extremeathletesmustlearnspecialskillsB.extremeathleteshavechancestotakerisksC.manypeopledon’twanttodoextremesportsD.manypeoplecan’tlimitdesireforextremesports29.WhatdoesShaneMurphythinkaboutthemountainclimbershementions?A.Theyputinlotsofpreparationforchallenges.B.Theyaremorefortunatethanothersportspeople.C.Theycarrylittleriskwhenfacingbigchallenges.D.Theyhavespecialreasonsthatotherscan’teasilyunderstand.30.WhatmainpointismadeinParagraph5?A.Extremeathletesusetechniquesotherpeopledon’tuse.B.Nonathletesareprobablywisenottotryextremesports.C.Mostpeoplelackthefocusrequiredtotakebiggerrisks.D.Acertainstateofmindmakesattemptinganactivitymorelikely.31.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.risktakingissomethingyoueithernaturallydooravoidB.thosewhotakerisksaremorelikelytobesuccessfulinlifeC.extremeathletesaredrivenbyaneedtobebetterthanothersD.takingpartinextremesportsisnotasdifficultaspeoplethink【答案】28.C29.A30.D31.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极限运动的成功与风险。【28题详解】推理判断题。分析文章第二段第二句“Henotesthatmostofushitanaturalceilingthatlimitsourappetiteforextremeriskintrickyconditions.”（他指出，我们中的大多数人达到了一个自然的上限，这个（自然上限）限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望。）可知，这里含有一个定语从句，先行词为anaturalceiling，定语从句对anaturalceiling进行修饰，“限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望”说明许多人不想做极限运动。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段开头提到的“groupsclimbingEverest”（攀登珠穆朗玛峰的团体）和第二句“Tome,thatjustseemsliketheheightofrisk,”hesaid.“Buttothemitwasthenextstepinanactivitythatthey’vepreparedforyears.”（“在我看来，这似乎是最大的风险，”他说。“但对他们来说，这是他们准备多年的一项活动的下一步。”）可知，登山者为挑战做了大量的准备。故选A项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“Anotheraspectofriskperception(认知)maybesomethingreferredtoas“theflow”,astateinwhichmanyathletesbeeabsorbedintheactsthatfocusthemindpletelyonthepresent.”（风险认知的另一个方面可能是被称之为“心流”的东西，在这种状态下，许多运动员全神贯注于将精力完全集中在当下的行为。）以及后面的进一步解释可知，本段要点就是“theflow”这种特定的精神状态会使你更有可能去尝试一项活动。故选D项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Peopleofdifferentskilllevelsexperiencetheflowatdifferenttimes.Somemayalwaysbedriventoadventuresthatothersconsiderextreme.”（不同技能水平的人在不同的时间体验这种流动。一些人可能总是被驱使去冒险，而另一些人则认为是极端的。）以及后文所举的事例可知，不同的技能水平的人有自己不同的选择，所以冒险是你可以选择做或选择避免的事情。故选A项。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。例如本文第3题，第五段的要点，就在段落第一句上，准确理解了段落第一句，也就抓住了段落要点。DRoundandRoundTheyGoSpaceisbeingmorecrowded.QuiteafewlowEarthorbit(LEO)satelliteshavebeenlaunchedintothesky,whicharedesignedtomovearoundtheEarthonlyafewhundredkilometresaboveitssurface.SpaceXandOneWebplantolaunchLEOsatellitesintheirthousands,nothundreds,todoublethetotalnumberofsatellitesinorbit(轨道)by2027.ThatpromisestochangethingsonEarth.LEOsatellitescanbringInternetconnectivitytoplaceswhereitisstillunavailable.Thiswillalsobeasourceofnewdemandforthespaceeconomy.MorganStanley,abank,projectsthatthespaceindustrywillgrowfrom$350billionin2016tomorethan$1.1trillionby2040.NewInternetsatelliteswillaccountforhalfthisincrease.Forthattohappen,however,threeworriesmustbeovere.Debris(碎片)isthemostfamiliarconcern.WhenenoughsatelliteswerepackedintolowEarthorbits,anycollision(碰撞)couldcauseachainreactionwhichwouldeventuallydestroyallspaceships.OnesolutionistograbthesatelliteswithproblemsandpullthemdownintotheEarth’satmosphere.Anotheristomonitorspacemorecloselyfordebris.Buttechnologyisonlypartoftheanswer.RulesareneededtodealwitholdsatellitessafelyfromlowEarthorbits.Cyber(网络的)securityisasecond,longstandingworry.Hackers(黑客)couldtakecontrolofasatelliteandstealintellectualproperty,redirectdataflowsorcauseacollision.Thesatelliteindustryhasbeenslowtorespondtosuchconcerns.Butasmoreoftheworld’spopulationestorelyonthespaceforaccesstotheInternet,theneedforactionwillintensify.Measureswillsurelybetakentoprotectnetworksecurity.Thethirdissuefollowsfromthefirsttwo.Ifthereisasimplemistakeoracyberattack,itmaycauseachainreactionwhichwipesouthundredsofbillionsofdollarsofinvestment.Whoisresponsibleforthat?Nowtheplansoffirmswishingtooperatelargenumbersofsatellitesarebeingstudied.Butthereisalongwaytogobeforetherisksarewellunderstood,letalonepriced.Asspacebeesmoremercializedmindbendingprospectsopenup:packagesmovedacrosstheplanetinminutesbyrocketratherthanbyplane,equipmentsenttoothersmallplanets,passengerslaunchedintoorbitandbeyond.Allthatandmoremaye,oneday.ButsuchactivitieswouldraisethesamequestionsasLEOsatellitesdo.Theymustbeansweredbeforethespaceeconomycantrulydevelop.32.WhatcanwelearnaboutLEOsatellitesfromthepassage?A.Theyaresupposedtolimitthespaceeconomy.B.Theyareexpectedtoincreaseinlargenumbers.C.TheyaredesignedtomovebeyondtheEarthasfaraspossible.D.TheyaremainlyintendedtobringInternetconnectivitytoremoteareas.33.Todealwithdebrisinspace,theauthorsuggests_______.A.dependingentirelyonthemoderntechnologyB.monitoringthemovementofspaceshipscarefullyC.strengtheningrulestoremoveoldsatellitessafelyD.destroyingallthesatelliteswithproblemsinstantly34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intensify”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Measure. B.Increase. C.Spread. D.Repeat.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthelaunchofLEOsatellites?A.Itshouldbefurtherconfirmedforitsownership.B.Itshouldbecontinuedbecauseofitsadvantages.C.Itshouldbedonecarefullytoavoidpotentialrisks.D.Itshouldbestoppedinfaceofthespaceeconomy.【答案】32.B33.C34.B35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。太空越来越拥挤，文章主要内容为一家名为SpaceXandOneWeb的公司计划在2027前发射数千上万颗近地轨道卫星之事，及对太空卫星数量剧增而带来的三个安全方面的担忧。【32题详解】细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“SpaceXandOneWebplantolaunchLEOsatellitesintheirthousands,nothundreds,todoublethetotalnumberofsatellitesinorbit(轨道)by2027(SpaceXandOneWeb计划发射数千上万颗近地轨道卫星将使轨道上卫星总数量增加一倍。)”可知，LEO卫星预计将大量增加。故选B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“RulesareneededtodealwitholdsatellitessafelyfromlowEarthorbits”可知，为了安全处理老旧的近地轨道卫星，需要制定一些规则。故选C项。【34题详解】词义猜测题。由第四段中句子“Butasmoreoftheworld’spopulationestorelyonthespaceforaccesstotheInternet,theneedforactionwillintensify”可知，因为世界上越来越多的人依赖太空卫星提供上因特网的通路，人们对于网络安全的需求将intensify。，可推断，依赖太空卫星的人数增多，因此对网络安全的需求就增强了。故划线词与increase意思相近。故选B项。【35题详解】推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“RulesareneededtodealwitholdsatellitessafelyfromlowEarthorbits.(需要有规则来安全地处理来自低地球轨道的旧卫星)”、第四段最后一句“Measureswillsurelybetakentoprotectnetworksecurity(一定要采取措施保护网络安全)”及文末最后一句“Theymustbeansweredbeforethespaceeconomycantrulydevelop(在空间经济真正发展之前，必须回答这些问题)”可知，关于发射大量的近地轨道卫星，作者认为应该小心慎行，避免潜在的危险发生。故选C项。【点睛】词义猜测题解题时往往借助上下文语境，有时也会运用构词法，大大提高词义猜测的准确性。本文中的intensify所在句前半句说“因为世界上越来越多的人依赖太空卫星提供的上因特网的通路”，可知人们对于网络安全的需求将增强。Intense,adj.非常强烈的;紧张的;intensive,a.加强的;增强的;后缀fy是形容词转化为动词的一个后缀。结合前半句语意及构词法知识，可推出intensify意为“使增强”。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OurAmazingHandsThehandiswherethemindmeetstheworld.Weuseourhandstobuildfires,toflyairplanes,andtowrite.Thehumanbrain,withitsopenendedcreativity,maybethethingthatmakesthehumanraceunique.Butwithouthands,alltheideaswethinkupwouldetonothing.____36____Studyitcarefully,youwillfindsomethinginteresting.Thethumb(拇指)aloneiscontrolledbynineseparatemuscles.Thewristisagroupofbonesandmusclesconnectedwithnerves(神经).Thenervessendbranchesintoeachfingertip,whichmakesthefingersextremelyflexible.____37____Earlyhandsseemedmoreunusualandinterestingthananyhandtoday.Someanimalshadsevenfingers.Othershadeight.Butbythetimevertebrates(脊椎动物)appeared340millionyearsago,thehandhaddevelopedtoonlyfivefingers.____38____Nevertheless,therearestillmanydifferenttypesofhandsinlivinganimals.Afteryearsofresearch,scientistsarebeginningtounderstandthemolecular(分子的)changesinhands.____39____Thismakesthehandsofdifferentanimalsverysimilar.Thereisanetworkofmanygenes(基因)thatbuildsahand,andallhandsarebuiltonthatnetwork.Thediscoveryhasgivenscientistsadeeperunderstandingofthedevelopmentofhands.Abird’swingandalion’spaw(爪)mayappeartohavenothinginmon.____40____Itmayjustbealittlemoreofoneprotein(蛋白)here,alittlelessofanotherthere.Inthepast,scientistscouldrecognizeonlytheoutwardsignsthathandshaddevelopedfromamonancestor.Todayscientistsareuncoveringtheinwardsignsaswell.A.Handscanoftenbeusedforanumberofdifferentpurposes.B.Theyalsoseethatallhandsstartoutinmuchthesameway.C.Ithaskeptthatnumberforreasonsscientistsdon’tyetknow.D.Noonewoulddoubtthatthefivefingersaredifferentwitheachother.EButthedifferencebetweenthemmayedowntoatinychangeinform.F.Thereasonwecanuseourhandsforsomanythingsistheirspecialstructure.G.Soyoucanseeaskilledwatchmakerusehishandstosetspringsinplaceunderamicroscope.【答案】36.F37.G38.C39.B40.E【解析】本文是说明文。文章通过了分析科学家的研究介绍了我们神奇的手。手是心灵与世界相遇的地方。我们用手生火，飞飞机，写字