湖北省武昌区2023-2024学年届高三上学期元月期末调考英语试卷

武昌区2024届高三年级上学期期末质量检测英语本试卷共150分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡指定位置，认真核对与准考证号条形码上的信息是否一致，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色墨水的签字笔直接答在答题卡上的每题所对应的答题区域内。答在试题卷上或答题卡指定区域外无效。4.考试结束，监考人员将答题卡收回，考生自己保管好试题卷，评讲时带来。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题15分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Theshopkeepercanhelp.B.Heisnotinterestedinart.C.Heknowstheareaverywell.2.Whichpartofthespeechshouldthemanimprove?A.Thevocabulary.B.Thepronunciation.C.Thelogic.3.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed.B.Concerned.C.Confused.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inahospital.B.Inagrocerystore.C.Inarestaurant.5.Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A.Herring.B.Theglass.C.Thetable.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或读白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Makeareservation.B.Changehisflight.C.Cancelhisorder.7.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.OnJanuary13th.B.OnJanuary14th.C.OnJanuary15th.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttochange?A.Thetimeofthemeeting.B.Thesubjectofthemeeting.C.Thelocationofthemeeting.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Bossandemployee.C.Teacherandstudent.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Toconfirmthebill.B.Toprovideroomservice.C.Toremindherofcheckout.11.Whenisthewomansupposedtoleave?A.Before11:30a.m.B.Beforenoon.C.Before2:00p.m.12.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheman?A.Energetic.B.Experienced.C.Understanding.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题.13.Whatkeepsthewoman’sbrotherfromswimmingmoreoften?A.Greatinterestinhangingout.B.Highcostofswimmingsuits.C.Longdistancefromthebeach.14.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthewoman’sbrother?A.Hehatesswimming.B.Helikesskateboarding.C.Heispractisingsurfing.15.Whichitemwillthewomanpayforatlast?A.Asurfboard.B.Askateboard.C.Aswimmingsuit.16.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Doingsports.B.Havingarace.C.Buyingagift.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题.17.Whatisonebenefitofsellingonline?A.Itimprovesine.B.Ithelpsthoseinneed.C.Itbroadensthemarket.18.Whatcanweknowaboutthebigplatforms?A.Theyoffernoinsurancetotheseller.B.Theychargethesellerforadvertising.C.Theyaren’treadilyaccessibletosellers.19.Whatshouldbeavoided?A.UsingaseparateEmailaddress.B.Sellingitemsofgreatvalueonline.C.Meetingthebuyerataprivateplace.20.Howwillthesellerbebannedfromthewebsite?ABypresentingpersonalinformation.B.Byprovidingfalseaccountsofproducts.C.Bysellingproductsatanunreasonableprice.第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheSelfPortraitChallengeHaveyoueverdoneaselfportraitinanartlessonatschool?Today,we’rechallengingyoutowriteselfportraitpoems.It’snotunmontofeellikethewaypeopleseeyouontheoutsidedoesn’tquitematchupwithhowyoufeelontheinside.Socreatingaselfportraitcanbeagoodopportunitytoaddressthosedifferencesandpresenttherealest,truestversionofyourself.Yourchallengeistocreateaselfportraitinlines,usingwordsinsteadofpaint.Readonforsomemoreinspiration.WritingTips●Haveagoatwritingalistofmetaphorsexploringyourphysicalappearance,startingfromyourheadandworkingyourwaydowntowardsyourfeet.●Insteadofrepresentingyourselfdirectly,takeonanothercharacter,suchasafictionalcharacter,ahistoricalfigure,orevenadifferentversionofyourself.●Playaroundwithpersonification,bytakingonthevoiceofaphysicalobjectinyourpoem.Thinkaboutwhataselfportraitfromthepointofviewofamirror,orabowlofyourfavouritefoodwouldlooklike?HowtoenterThischallengeisforwritersagedupto25basedanywhereintheworld.Thedeadlineis23:59GMT,17March2024.Youcansendapoem,orpoems,writtendown,orasvideooraudiofiles.WeareusingSubmittabletoacceptsubmissionstothischallenge.YouwillneedtomakeafreeSubmittableaccounttosubmitinthisway.UsingSubmittablehelpsourteamtoadministrateandprocessentriesmorequickly.SelectedpoetswillbepublishedonYoungPoetsNetwork.1.WhatdoestheSelfportraitChallengeencourageparticipantstodo?A.Exploretrueselves. B.Conveypositiveemotions.C.Illustratepersonalprofiles. D.paredifferentpersonalities.2.Whatissuggestedtobetterhandlethechallenge?A.Usingsimplelanguage. B.Presentingyourselfdirectly.C.Takingadifferentpointofview. D.Focusingonphysicalappearance.3.Whatis“Submittable”likelytobe?A.Awritingtool. B.Asearchengine.C.Anemailaccount. D.Anonlineplatform.【答案】1A2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个自画像挑战，解释了其目的以及一些写作建议。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Socreatingaselfportraitcanbeagoodopportunitytoaddressthosedifferencesandpresenttherealest,truestversionofyourself.(因此，创作一幅自画像是一个很好的机会，可以解决这些差异，展示最真实、最真实的自己)”可知，自画像挑战鼓励参与者探索真实的自我。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据WritingTips部分中“Thinkaboutwhataselfportraitfromthepointofviewofamirror,orabowlofyourfavouritefoodwouldlooklike?(想象一下，从镜子的角度看一幅自画像，或者从一碗你最喜欢的食物的角度看是什么样子？)”可知，要更好地应对这一挑战应该采取不同的角度。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“WeareusingSubmittabletoacceptsubmissionstothischallenge.YouwillneedtomakeafreeSubmittableaccounttosubmitinthisway.UsingSubmittablehelpsourteamtoadministrateandprocessentriesmorequickly.(我们正在使用Submittable来接受本次挑战的提交。您需要创建一个免费的Submittable账户以这种方式提交。使用Submittable可以帮助我们的团队更快地管理和处理条目)”可推知，Submittable可能是在线平台。故选D。BGrowingup,MaitriWadher,alefthander,hasstruggledtocopeinaworldmadeforrighthandedpeople.Fromschooldeskstospiralnotebooksthatstopthenaturalflowofwriting,Maitrihasfacedtoughchallengesfromayoungage.“Mymotherusedtotiemylefthandandmakemeeatwithmyrightuntiladoctorwarnedthatthiscouldsignificantlyaffectmygrowthandconfidence,”Maitrisays.Thischildhoodexperiencehadgnawed(折磨)atthebackofhermind,pushinghertodosomethingtoeasethelivesoffellowlefthanders.InSeptember2018,shestartedTheLeftOutStore,whichmakeseverydayproductsrangingfromlefthandedwritingtoolsandscissorstokitchentoolsforlefthandedpeople.StartingTheLeftOutStorewasn’tinthecardsforMaitriforaverylongtime.TheideaforTheLeftOutStorecametoMaitriinjust20minutesduringafestivalatSt.Joseph’sInstituteofManagement,whereshewasapostgraduatestudent.Shepresentedtheroughideatojudgeswholaterbecamesponsors,andtheyenthusiasticallysupportedit.Thisencouragementgaveherthepushtomakeitamarketresearchprojecttotestthewatersandexplorethepotentialmarket.Initially,Maitrifacedafewhiccups.Ittookherquitesometimetofindvendors(小贩)andmakethemunderstandhowtomaketheproducts.Witheverythinginplace,Maitriwentthroughatoughtimereachingcustomers.ThefirsttimeshemadeapropersalewasatanexhibitionatLalitAshok.“Peopleweresurprisedatfirst,butgraduallymorelefthandedpeoplebeganapproachingme,andsaidtheyrelatetomystruggles.”Sincethen,shehasbeenregularlymarketingherproductsatexhibitions,andkeepsTheLeftOutStoreactiveonsocialmedia.4.WhatchallengedidMaitrifaceasalefthanderwhilegrowingup?A.Unfairjudgement. B.Lackofparents’love.C.Limitedaccesstoeducation. D.Strugglewithschooltools.5.HowdidMaitriturnherideaintoareality?A.Byseekingstudentsponsors. B.Byconductingmarketresearch.C.Byexpandingthepotentialmarket. D.Bycarryingoutherlongthoughtplan.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hiccups”probablymean?A.Barriers. B.Threats C.plaints. D.Oppositions.7.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.ALeftHander’sStruggles B.Maitri’sMarketingStrategiesC.Maitri:ASocialMediaCelebrity D.TheLeftOutStore:Maitri’sJourney【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Maitri因为是左撇子，从小在学校遇到了很多困难。于是后来她萌生了创办“左手商店”的想法，并通过努力付诸实践。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Fromschooldeskstospiralnotebooksthatstopthenaturalflowofwriting,Maitrihasfacedtoughchallengesfromayoungage.(从学校的课桌到阻止书写自然流畅的螺旋笔记本，Maitri从小就面临着严峻的挑战)”可知，作为一名左撇子，Maitri在成长过程中遇到的挑战是与学校工具作斗争。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thisencouragementgaveherthepushtomakeitamarketresearchprojecttotestthewatersandexplorethepotentialmarket.(这种鼓励促使她把它变成一个市场研究项目，以试水和探索潜在市场)”可知，Maitri通过扩大潜在市场把她的想法变成现实。故选C。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Ittookherquitesometimetofindvendors(小贩)andmakethemunderstandhowtomaketheproducts.(她花了很长时间才找到供应商，并让他们了解如何制作产品)”可知，她花了很长时间才找到供应商，并让他们了解如何制作产品，说明一开始遇到了障碍。故划线词意思是“障碍”。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thischildhoodexperiencehadgnawed(折磨)atthebackofhermind,pushinghertodosomethingtoeasethelivesoffellowlefthanders.InSeptember2018,shestartedTheLeftOutStore,whichmakeseverydayproductsrangingfromlefthandedwritingtoolsandscissorstokitchentoolsforlefthandedpeople.(这段童年经历一直在她的脑海里挥之不去，促使她做些事情来缓解其他左撇子的生活。2018年9月，她创办了“左手商店”，生产从左撇子书写工具、剪刀到左撇子厨房工具等日常用品)”结合文章主要讲述了Maitri因为是左撇子，从小在学校遇到了很多困难。于是后来她萌生了创办“左手商店”的想法，并通过努力付诸实践。可知，D选项“左手商店：Maitri的旅程”最符合文章标题。故选D。CWe’vealldoneitbeforedroppedaboxofunwantedhouseholdbelongingsatafleamarketanddrivenoffwithasenseofacplishment.Buthaveyoueverstoppedtothinkaboutwherethoseitemsactuallygo?BusinessjournalistAdamMinterbeganconsideringthiswhilecleaningouthislatemother’shome.Seekingreassurancethathismother’sdonateditemswouldbeputtogooduseratherthandestroyed,hestartedajourneyworldwidethatresultedinhislatestbook,“Secondhand:TravelsintheNewGlobalGarageSale”.Hefoundtheindustrysignificantlyinthedark,withadisturbinglackofdataonsecondhandgoods,despitetheircrucialroleinclothing,furnishingandeducatingpeopleworldwide.Inthisbook,Minterfullyrevealshimselfasaninvestigativejournalist.Hedoesn’tshyawayfromthemonlyacceptedassumptionsabouttheglobaltradeinusedgoods.First,MinterquestionstheideathatshipmentsofsecondhandclothesfromdevelopedcountriestoAfricahavedestroyedlocaltextileindustries(纺织业).That’soverlysimplistic,hesays.Hefurtherexplainsthatmultiplefactors,suchasdecliningcottonproductioninlocalareasandeconomicliberation,haveinfluencedthesituation.Minterthenexploresthetopicofcarseats,makingastatementthatrecyclingcarseats,insteadofsellingthemsecondhand,iswastefulandmightpromise(危害)safetyforchildrenindevelopingcountries.Itisdisturbingtosaysoinasocietythatprioritizeschildsafetyandhighlightszerorisk,butwhenyouconsidertheexcessivecautionthatmightendangerchildren’sliveselsewhere,thesituationstartstolookdifferent.Mintercallsit“wastecolonialism,”thisideathatdevelopedcountriescanapplytheirownsafetystandardsontothemarketsofdevelopingcountries—andit’sdeeplywrong.WhylabelanusedcarseatoranoldTVasunsafeifsomeoneelse,withdifferentskills,isperfectlycapableofrepairingitandwillingtouseit,especiallyiftheylackaccesstonewproductsandotheroptions?Thebookexploresthehugeproblemsofhandlingsurplus(剩余的)itemsandhowproducersdiscouragerepairsandpromotethesalesofnewproducts.Mintercallsforinitiativestoenhanceproductrepairabilityandincreaseproductlifetime.8.WhydoesMintersetoutonajourneyworldwide?A.Torememberhislatemother. B.Toexplorewhereuseditemsendup.C.Tocollectdataforfashionindustries. D.Toadvocaterecyclingofusedgoods.9.InMinter’sopinion,themonideaaboutsecondhandclothestradeinAfricais________.A.groundless B.onesided C.conventional D.selfcontradictory10.WhichactiontakenbydevelopedcountriesmightMinterdescribeas“wastecolonialism”?A.SellingoldTVsetstodevelopingcountries.B.Denyingaccesstousedcarseatsdomestically.C.Banningusedgoodsexporttodevelopingcountries.D.Prioritizingsafetyinnewgoodsfordevelopingcountries.11.WhatdoesMinterencourageproducerstodoinhisbook?A.Handleuseditemsefficiently. B.Promotesalesofnewproducts.C.Makemoresustainableproducts. D.Taketheinitiativetoboostproduction.【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了商业记者亚当·明特的新书《二手：新全球车库拍卖之旅》，这本书探讨了二手商品市场。8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Buthaveyoueverstoppedtothinkaboutwherethoseitemsactuallygo?(但你有没有停下来想过这些东西到底去哪儿了?)”和第二段的“BusinessjournalistAdamMinterbeganconsideringthiswhilecleaningouthislatemother’shome.Seekingreassurancethathismother’sdonateditemswouldbeputtogooduseratherthandestroyed,hestartedajourneyworldwide.(商业记者亚当·明特(AdamMinter)在清理已故母亲的房屋时开始考虑这个问题。为了确保母亲捐赠的物品会得到妥善利用，而不是被毁坏，他开始了一次环球旅行。)”可知，Minter环球旅行是为了弄清楚母亲捐赠的物品去了哪里，也就是探索二手物品的去处。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“First,MinterquestionstheideathatshipmentsofsecondhandclothesfromdevelopedcountriestoAfricahavedestroyedlocaltextileindustries(纺织业).That’soverlysimplistic,hesays.Hefurtherexplainsthatmultiplefactors,suchasdecliningcottonproductioninlocalareasandeconomicliberation,haveinfluencedthesituation.(首先，Minter质疑从发达国家向非洲出口二手服装摧毁了当地纺织业的观点。他说，这过于简单化了。他进一步解释说，当地棉花产量下降和经济解放等多种因素影响了这种情况。)”可知，关于非洲二手服装贸易的普遍观念：向非洲出口的二手服装摧毁了当地的纺织业，Minter表示质疑，认为当地棉花产量下降和经济解放等多种因素也影响了这种情况，因此推断他认为这种普遍的观念是片面的。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Minterthenexploresthetopicofcarseats,makingastatementthatrecyclingcarseats,insteadofsellingthemsecondhand,iswastefulandmightpromise(危害)safetyforchildrenindevelopingcountries.(Minter接着探讨了汽车座椅的话题，他表示，回收而不是出售二手汽车座椅是一种浪费，而且可能会损害发展中国家儿童的安全。)”和倒数第二段的“Mintercallsit“wastecolonialism,”thisideathatdevelopedcountriescanapplytheirownsafetystandardsontothemarketsofdevelopingcountries—andit’sdeeplywrong.WhylabelanusedcarseatoranoldTVasunsafeifsomeoneelse,withdifferentskills,isperfectlycapableofrepairingitandwillingtouseit,especiallyiftheylackaccesstonewproductsandotheroptions?(Minter称之为“废物殖民主义”，这种发达国家可以将自己的安全标准应用于发展中国家市场的想法是大错特错的。如果别人有不同的技能，完全有能力修理，而且愿意使用，尤其是在他们没有新产品和其他选择的情况下，为什么要给二手汽车座椅或旧电视贴上不安全的标签呢?)”可知，Minter说的废物殖民主义，指的是发达国家把自己的安全标准应用于发展中国家，给二手商品贴上不安全的标签，不出口到发展中国家，因此推断禁止向发展中国家出口旧货属于废物殖民主义。故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Mintercallsforinitiativestoenhanceproductrepairabilityandincreaseproductlifetime.(Minter呼吁采取措施提高产品的可修复性并延长产品的使用寿命。)”可知，在他的书中，Minter呼吁生产可维修的寿命较长的产品，也就是生产更多可持续性产品。故选C。DItseemslikejustanothergroupofnonplayercharacters(NPCs)inavideogame.ButunliketraditionalNPCs,thesecharacters’behaviorisn’tprogrammedbyacoder(程序员).Instead,theygeneratetheirbehavioraccordingtoashortbiographygiventothemconsistingofaname,age,job,family,interests,andafewhabits.Whatissurprising?Theybehaveinwaysthatarebelievablyhumanlike.Intheexperiment,ateamofStanfordresearchersledbyJoonSungParkplaced25generativeagentswithinavirtualworld.Eachagentwasassignedauniquebackgroundandparticipatedinatwodaysimulation(模拟).Variousremarkablebehaviorswerethenobserved.Forexample,oneagentplannedapartyandinformedfriendsandrelatives,manyofwhomshowedupatthecorrecttimeandplace;anotheragentwhodecidedtorunforpresidentsetoffheateddiscussionsamongthemunity,withdifferentagentsholdingvaryingopinionsonthiscandidate.Theresearchersusedacontrolgroupofhumanparticipants,eachroleplayingoneofthe25agents,andwereastonishedbytheresult:actualhumansgeneratedresponsesthatanevaluationgroupof100individualsratedaslesshumanlikethanthegenerativeagents.Thestudyhasinspiredinterestamonggamedesignerswhohopegenerativeagentswillmakegameplaymoreengaging.ButParkismostinterestedinotherdownstreamapplications,includinggenerativeagents’potentialusefulnessforsocialsciencestudies.“Forexample,researcherscouldexplorehowpeopleinanonlineforumarelikelytorespondtoaparticularmeasureaimedatcounteringfalseinformation,”Parkenvisions.However,Parkacknowledgesthatgenerativeagentsalsoraisesomepotentialethical(伦理的)problems.Onehighlightedriskisthatpeoplewilldeveloponesided“fakefriendships”withhumanlikegenerativeagentsattheexpenseofrelationshipsinreallife.Theresearchersdescribedtheethicalconcernswithsomeproposedsolutions.“It’salwaysbettertooverworryaboutethicalproblemsatthebeginningratherthanunderestimatetheirsignificanceandregretitlater,”Parksays.12.HowdothegenerativeagentsinthestudydifferfromtraditionalNPCsinvideogames?A.Theycanwritebiographies. B.Theyarecontrolledbycoders.C.Theybehaveinhumanlikeways. D.Theyhaveuniqueculturalbackgrounds.13.Whichofthefollowingstepsistakenintheexperiment?A.Havingpeopleratethegeneratedbehavior.B.Managingthehumanroleplayers’response.C.Evaluatingthe100individuals’generatedresponse.D.Makingthecharactersimitatethehumanparticipants.14.AccordingtoPark,whatcouldbeapotentialuseofgenerativeagents?A.Enhancingonlineforumengagement.B.Makingtechnologicalbreakthroughs.C.Designingmoreabsorbingvideogames.D.Predictinghumanactionsinasocialcontext.15.WhatisPark’sremendedapproachtotheethicalissuesraisedbygenerativeagents?A.Discounttheirsignificance. B.Addressconcernsinstantly.C.Bedeeplyworriedthroughout. D.Postponesolutionstoalatertime.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员使用了一组名为“generativeagents”的虚拟角色，这些角色的行为不是由程序员编程设定的，而是根据他们的背景信息生成的。在实验中，这些角色表现出了令人惊讶的类似人类的行为。研究人员对比了一组真实的人类参与者的表现，结果评估组认为生成的角色比真实人类更像人类。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Itseemslikejustanothergroupofnonplayercharacters(NPCs)inavideogame.ButunliketraditionalNPCs,thesecharacters’behaviorisn’tprogrammedbyacoder(程序员).Instead,theygeneratetheirbehavioraccordingtoashortbiographygiventothemconsistingofaname,age,job,family,interests,andafewhabits.Whatissurprising?Theybehaveinwaysthatarebelievablyhumanlike.”（这看起来就像是电子游戏中的另一群非玩家角色(npc)。但与传统的npc不同，这些角色的行为并不是由编码员编程的。相反，他们的行为是根据给他们的一个简短的传记来决定的，包括名字、年龄、工作、家庭、兴趣和一些习惯。令人惊讶的是什么？它们的行为方式非常像人类。）可知，研究中的生成代理与电子游戏中的传统npc的不同之处是它们的行为方式与人类相似。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“actualhumansgeneratedresponsesthatanevaluationgroupof100individualsratedaslesshumanlikethanthegenerativeagents.”（一个由100人组成的评估小组认为，真正的人类产生的反应比生成代理更不像人类。）可知，实验让人们对生成的行为进行评价。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ButParkismostinterestedinotherdownstreamapplications,includinggenerativeagents’potentialusefulnessforsocialsciencestudies.“Forexample,researcherscouldexplorehowpeopleinanonlineforumarelikelytorespondtoaparticularmeasureaimedatcounteringfalseinformation,”Parkenvisions.”（但Park最感兴趣的是其他下游应用，包括生成代理在社会科学研究中的潜在用途。“例如，研究人员可以探索在线论坛上的人们可能如何回应旨在打击虚假信息的特定措施，”Park设想。）可推知，根据Park的说法，生成代理的潜在用途是在社会环境中预测人类的行为。故选D项。15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““It’salwaysbettertooverworryaboutethicalproblemsatthebeginningratherthanunderestimatetheirsignificanceandregretitlater,”Parksays.”（“一开始就过度担心道德问题总是比低估其重要性并在事后后悔要好，”Park说。）可推知，对于生成主体引发的伦理问题，Park推荐的方法是立即解决问题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。StandingonahillatClivedenGardensonasunnywinterday,itsdarkgreenlakesurroundedbycenturiesoldtreestookmybreathaway.____16____It’sjustalocalparknearLondonthatI’dneverheardofduringmyeightyearslivingintheUK.AsIadmiredtheserenegarden,ittaughtmealessonabouttheBritishcultureofunderstatement.“TheEnglishlandscapeismorebeautifulbecauseitsbeautyisunderstated,”myfriendWillsaidtomelateraswewalkedthroughanexhibitionatTateBritain.Hepointedtoapaintingofapeacefulcountryside.“ThisisthelandscapeIgrewupwith”,hesaid.Unlikegrandwaterfallsorwildforests,thisscenerydoesn’tshoutaboutitsbeauty.____17____IwonderifChinesetouristswillexplorebeyondLondon.____18____Indeed,OxfordandCambridgeandthebelovedLakeDistrictNationalParkaresomeiconicsymbolsofBritain.ButitwouldbeapityiftheymissoutonthelesserknownpartsoftheEnglishlandscape.____19____IrememberastraightAclassmateoncetellingmehe“survivedexams”andanotherfriendfromOxfordintroducinghimselfas“studyinginthecountryside”.ThismodestyalsohasitsmirrorinChineseculture.Iremembermyparents’tellingmetoworkhardbutnottobragaboutmyachievements.Chinesecultureisfullofproverbssuchas“realgoldwillshinesoonerorlater”,toencouragelongtermdedicationtoone’schosenareaofexpertise.Experiencingbothcultures,I’verealizedthattheEnglishandChinesebothexpressachievementswithunderstatement.____20____ItreflectstheunspokencharminbothBritishandChinesetraditions.Andit’sanoffthebeatenpathattractionwellworthexploration.A.Clivedenisn’tafamousholidayplace.B.Rather,itsbeautyisreservedforthelocalsonly.C.I’vebeenimpressedbyBritishhumorallthetime.D.Theytendtopreferplaceswithastrongreputation.E.ButthemoreIlooked,themoreIsawitsquietelegance.F.Overtheyears,I’vebeefamiliarwithBritishmodesty.G.ThismixmakesmeappreciatetheunusualbeautyofCliveden.【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.F20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要描述了克莱夫登花园的美丽以及花园带给作者的感悟。【16题详解】根据上文“StandingonahillatClivedenGardensonasunnywinterday,itsdarkgreenlakesurroundedbycenturiesoldtreestookmybreathaway.(在一个阳光明媚的冬日，站在克莱夫登花园的一座小山上，深绿色的湖泊被百年古树环绕，这让我屏息凝神)”以及后文“It’sjustalocalparknearLondonthatI’dneverheardofduringmyeightyearslivingintheUK.AsIadmiredtheserenegarden,ittaughtmealessonabouttheBritishcultureofunderstatement.(它只是伦敦附近的一个当地公园，我在英国生活的八年里从未听说过它。当我欣赏这个宁静的花园时，它教会了我一个关于英国低调文化的教训)”可知，本句主要说明了上文提到的克莱夫登花园的情况，结合后文提到这是一个公园，故A选项“克莱夫登不是一个著名的度假胜地”符合语境，故选A。【17题详解】根据上文““TheEnglishlandscapeismorebeautifulbecauseitsbeautyisunderstated,”myfriendWillsaidtomelateraswewalkedthroughanexhibitionatTateBritain.Hepointedtoapaintingofapeacefulcountryside.“ThisisthelandscapeIgrewupwith”,hesaid.Unlikegrandwaterfallsorwildforests,thisscenerydoesn’tshoutaboutitsbeauty.(“英国的风景更美，因为它的美是低调的，”后来我们参观泰特英国美术馆的一个展览时，我的朋友威尔对我说。他指着一幅描绘宁静乡村的画。“这是我成长的环境，”他说。与大瀑布或野生森林不同，这里的风景并不张扬它的美丽)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文说明朋友对英国风景的看法，故E选项“但我看得越多，就越能看到它宁静的优雅”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“IwonderifChinesetouristswillexplorebeyondLondon.(我想知道中国游客是否会去伦敦以外的地方旅游)”以及后文“Indeed,OxfordandCambridgeandthebelovedLakeDistrictNationalParkaresomeiconicsymbolsofBritain.ButitwouldbeapityiftheymissoutonthelesserknownpartsoftheEnglishlandscape.(的确，牛津大学和剑桥大学以及深受人们喜爱的湖区国家公园都是英国的标志性象征。但如果他们错过了英国风景中鲜为人知的部分，那就太遗憾了)”可知，上文提到了中国游客是否回去伦敦以外的地方旅游的疑问，后文则提到了一些著名景点，可知本句是在说明中国游客的旅游特点，故D选项“他们更喜欢名声好的地方”符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】根据本段内容“IrememberastraightAclassmateoncetellingmehe“survivedexams”andanotherfriendfromOxfordintroducinghimselfas“studyinginthecountryside”.ThismodestyalsohasitsmirrorinChineseculture.Iremembermyparents’tellingmetoworkhardbutnottobragaboutmyachievements.Chinesecultureisfullofproverbssuchas“realgoldwillshinesoonerorlater”,toencouragelongtermdedicationtoone’schosenareaofexpertise.(我记得有一次一个全A的同学告诉我，他“通过了考试”，另一个牛津的朋友介绍自己是“在农村学习”。这种谦虚在中国文化中也有反映。我记得我的父母告诉我要努力学习，但不要吹嘘自己的成就。中国文化中充满了“真金迟早会发光”这样的谚语，鼓励人们长期致力于自己选择的专业领域)”可知，本段的主旨是关于谦逊，且后文提到了牛津的朋友，说明本句是在说明英国人的谦虚。故F选项“这些年来，我已经熟悉了英国人的谦逊”符合语境，故选F。【20题详解】根据上文“Experiencingbothcultures,I’verealizedthattheEnglishandChinesebothexpressachievementswithunderstatement.(经历了这两种文化，我意识到英语和汉语都用低调来表达成就)”以及后文“ItreflectstheunspokencharminbothBritishandChinesetraditions.Andit’sanoffthebeatenpathattractionwellworthexploration.(它反映了中英两国传统中不可言说的魅力。这是一个人迹罕至的景点，非常值得探索)”可知，作者经历了两种文化，且都强调了低调，可知本句承接上文说明文化对作者的影响，后文It指代Cliveden。故G选项“这种混合使我欣赏克利夫登不同寻常的美”符合语境，故选G。第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Yearsago,mymotherpassedawayfromherillness.Myfather,havinglongbeenheronlycaretaker,wasleftwithtwooptions:giveuponlifeor____21____himself.Worriedhowhewould____22____withoutmymother,Iwantedtomakesurehepickedthelatter.Onethingcould____23____mymind.Inhisteenageyears,myfatherhadbeendeclareda(an)____24____byhisartteacher.Someofhispaintings,thoughlackingperfectskills,wereexhibitedandadmiredingalleries.However,hiscreativelifewasput____25____whenmymotherfellill.Onetime,duringavisittomydoctor,Iheardapatient____26____anurseof“micromanaging”(微观管理)him.Asafreelancewriter(自由撰稿人),Ihadanoddthought:Doonecelledorganismsunderthemicroscopeprotestaboutbeing“micromicromanaged”?Drawing____27____fromthis,Idecidedtopropose____28____tomyfather,askingifhewouldcreateacartoonformyidea.His____29____responsewassilence.Iaskedagainthefollowingday.Stillnodefiniteanswer.Recognizinghisemotional_____30_____oflosingmymother,Ihadtodroptheidea.Aweeklater,however,myfatheremailedmethemicromicromanagingcartoonexactlyasIhad_____31_____ittohim.Withhisteenage_____32_____revived,ourpartnershiphasadvanceduptonow.Sometimesourcreativityseemsto_____33_____andwemightquarreloverabadcartoon,butour_____34_____hasgrownstrongerbecauseweneedeachotherforthistoworklivea_____35_____lifeintheabsenceofmymother.21.A.represent B.replace C.restore D.reveal22A.manage B.behave C.decide D.forgive23.A.blow B.ease C.change D.slip24.A.master B.genius C.authority D.researcher25.A.onhold B.inplace C.atrisk D.totest26.A.reminding B.warning C.accusing D.suspecting27.A.support B.guidance C.courage D.inspiration28.A.contracts B.solutions C.interaction D.cooperation29.A.rapid B.initial C.appropriate D.specific30.A.need B.abuse C.weight D.awareness31.A.repeated B.announced C.presented D.described32.A.enthusiasm B.addiction C.occupation D.curiosity33.A.takeover B.dryup C.eout D.fallapart34.A.mitment B.petence C.bond D.belief35.A.purposeful B.harmonious C.respectable D.peaceful【答案】21.C