2023年12月份第1周 英语好题

2023年12月份第1周英语好题推荐

学校：姓名：班级：考号：

一、阅读理解

Nashequilibrium（纳什均衡）isnamedafterJohnNash,anAmericanmathematician.Isa

kindofconcept,whichattemptstodeterminemathematicallyandlogicallytheactionsthat

participantsofagameshouldtaketosecurethebestoutcomesforthemselves.

Tofinditinagame,onewouldhavetomodelouteachofthepossiblescenariosto

determinetheresultsandthenchoosewhatthemostsatisfactoryystrategywouldbe.Ina

twopersongame,thiswouldtakeintoconsiderationthepossiblestrategiesthatbothplayers

couldchoose.Ifneitherplayerchangestheirstrategyknowingalloftheinformation,aNash

equilibriumhasoccurred.

ImagineagamebetweenTomandSam.Inthissimplegame,bothplayerscanchoose

strategyAtoreceive$1,orstrategyBtolose$1.Logically,bothplayerschoosestrategyA

andreceiveapayoffof$1.IfyourevealedSam'sstrategytoTomandviceversa（反之亦

然）,youseethatnoplayer'schoiceisdifferentfromtheoriginalone.Knowingtheother

player'smovemeanslittleanddoesn'tchangeeitherplayer'sbehavior.OutcomeArepresents

theNashequilibrium.

Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoffinasituationbasedonnot

onlytheirdecisionsbutalsothedecisionsofotherpartiesinvolved.Itcanalsobeusedin

manyaspectsoflife,fromeconomicstosocialbehavioralsciences,frombusinessstrategies

toahousesaleandsoon.

Unlikedominantstrategy,Nashequilibriumdoesn'talwaysleadtothemostsatisfactory

outcome.Inmostcases,suchasinwar,whetherthatisamilitarywarorabiddingwar,an

individualrarelyknowstheopponent'sstrategyorwhattheywanttheoutcometobe.Itjust

meansthatanindividualchoosesthebeststrategybasedontheinformationtheyhave.Nash

equilibriumcanonlyoccurifaplayerchoosestoremainwiththeircurrentstrategyifthey

knowtheiropponent'sstrategy.Furthermore,inmultiplegamesplayedwiththesame

opponents,itdoesnottakeintoconsiderationpastbehavior,whichoftenpredictsfuture

behavior.

1、WhichkindofconceptdoesNashequilibriumbelongto?

A.Gametheory.B.Secrecystrategies.

C.Playerinformation.D.Participationqualifications.

2、HowdoestheauthorexplainNashequilibrium?

A.Byquotingsayings.B.Bydrawingaparallel.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bygivinganillustration.

3、Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusaboutNashequilibrium?

A.Itselements.B.Itsdrawbacks.

C.Itsapplications.D.Itsbackgrounds.

4、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoNashequilibrium?

A.Resistant.B.Objective.C.Confused.D.Curious.

Humanshavelongknownthatbeinginnatureisgoodforthemindandbody.From

indigenous（本土的）adolescentscompletingtheadultceremonyinthewildtomodemEast

Asianculturestaking"forestbaths”,manyhavelookedtonatureasaplaceforhealingand

personalgrowth.Butthequestionstillremains.Howcannaturemakeit?

Thereisnodoubtthatbeinginnaturereducesthephysiologicalsymptomsofstressin

ourbodies,Whatthismeansisthatwearelesslikelytobeanxiousandfearfulinnature,and

thereforewecanbemoreopentootherpeopleandcreativepatternsofthought.Also,nature

oftenleadstoawe,wonderandrespect,alltheseemotionsfacilitatingeverythingfrom

physicaltomentalhealth.Thereisalsosomeevidencethatexposuretonatureimpactsthe

brain.Viewingnaturalbeautymakesspecificrewardcircuitsinthebrainassociatedwith

dopaminerelease,achemicalthatgivesusasenseofpurpose,joyandenergytopursueour

goals.

But,regrettably,peopleseemtobespendinglesstimeoutdoorsandlesstimeinnature

thanbefore.Itisalsoclearthat,inthepast30years,people'slevelsofstressandsenseof

“busyness“haverisendramatically.Thesejointforceshaveledenvironmentalwriter

RichardLouvtocointheterm“NatureDeficitDisorder^^一aformofsufferingthatcomes

fromasenseofdisconnectionfromnatureanditspowers.

Perhapsweshouldtakenoteandtryacoursecorrective.The19thcenturyphilosopher

RalphWaldoEmersononcewroteaboutnature,“ThereIfeelthatnothingcanbefallmein

life-nodisgrace,nocalamity.^^ThesciencespeakstoEmerson'sintuition.Ifstimetorealize

thatnatureismorethanjustamaterialresource.It'salsoapathwaytohumanhealthand

happiness.

5、Whyare"indigenousadolescents"and"modemEastAsiancultures“mentionedin

paragraph1?

A.Toclarifyaviewpoint.

B.Toanswerthequestionbelow.

C.Topresentthenaturalscenery.

D.Toshowtheculturaldifferences.

6、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“facilitating“inparagraph2mean?

A.Restricting.B.Exposing.C.Promoting.D.Covering.

7、Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinwritingparagraph3?

A.Indifferent.B.Uneasy.C.Humorous.D.Proud.

8、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.IsItTimetoChallengeYourselfinNature?

B.DoYouKnowNatureIsaMaterialResource?

C.WhyDoWeCareAbouttheNaturalEnvironment?

D.WhatCanHappenWhenWeConnectwithNature?

ArtistTomCampbellhasexhibitedhisworkatOutlawStudiosatMarinaCommercial

Park.TheexhibitionisTom'slargestonetodateandincludesaffordableart.Theinteractive

showismadeupofdrawings,paintings,sculpturesandliveperformances.Throughoutthe

exhibition.Tomisworking,givingthepublicanopportunitytowatchinsidehisstudioand

havetheirportraitsdrawn.Peoplecanalsocommissionapieceoftheirchoosing.

WallpaintingispartofTom'soutput.HehascreatedawallpaintingforElectricPicnic,

alongwithfourotherartistsinvitedtotakepartinthiscommission.Hiswallpaintinghasa

specialtheme,portrayedbydoves（鸽子）.Aswellashisanti-warstandpoint,heisdoing

somethingmeaningful.TomisafoundingmemberofatreeplantingprojectcalledTrees

Please.Thegrouphasdistributed10,000treesinaboutfouryearsacrossIreland.

HumourisalsoimportantforTominhisart.Hecantreatheavysubjectswithirony,

oftenemployinganaggressivecombinationoflivelycolorsandanimalswithwistful

expressionscommunicatingtheimportanceofrespect,peace,understandingandlove.Hehas

donecreativeworkformentalhealthcharities.

Tomwasbornwithaloveforart.Heenjoysplayingmusicalinstrumentsinpublic,like

theviolin.Hegetslotsofsmilesfrompeople.Healsosingsandhasanonlinechannel

featuringhissongs,whichareveryimprovised（艮口兴的）.Allthiscreativityisalifelinefor

him.whobelievesthatartisanecessityratherthanaluxury.

Artissomethingeverybodycando.Ifcreativitywasembracedbypeopleinanopen

way,itcouldtransformsociety.Artcanbringalotofjoy.Everyoneiscreativeandenjoys

creativitywhetherit'smusicorvisualartorwhatever.

9、WhatdoweknowaboutTom'sexhibition?

A.Itistargetedattherich.

B.Ittakesonavarietyofforms.

C.Itisthelargestonethroughoutarthistory.

D.Itoffersanopportunitytopractisedrawing.

10、Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutTom?

A.Hissenseofhumorandcreativity.

B.Hisefforttoprotectplantsandanimals.

C.Hisadviceonpaintingandplantingtrees.

D.Hispassionforpeaceandtheenvironment.

11、WhatcanwelearnfromTom'simprovisedsongs?

A.Hehascreativetalent.B.Artisaluxury.

C.Arthasnoboundaries.D.Heispopularinpublic.

12、Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanthetextprobablyappear?

A.Literature.B.Finance.C.Figure.D.Society.

Ifyoufacetwosimilarvaluedoptionsforwheretoattendcollege,youhaveweighedthe

prosandcons,butyoustillhavedifficultydeciding.Youdecidetogiveitmoretime,and

thinkaboutitabitmore.

ThefindingsofafascinatingpapertitledIrrationalTimeAllocationinDecision-Making

suggestsyoumightbemakingamistake.Participantsintheresearchviewedimagesthat

containedpairsofdifferentfoodsandtheyhadtochoosewhichitemtheypreferredtoeat.

Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantsspentmoretimechoosingbetweenoptionsthat

wereroughlyequalinvaluethanbetweenoptionsinwhichtherewasalargevaluedisparity.

Inotherwords,peopletooklongerthantheyshouldhavewhendecidingbetweentwoequally

appealingchoices.Whenshownanunpleasantfoodalongsideafavoredfood,participants

chosequickly.Whenshownafavoredfoodalongsideanotherfavoredfood,peopletooka

while.

Relatedly,thereisresearchsuggestingthatpeopletakelongertodistinguishbetweentwo

numberswhenthereisasmalldifferencethanwhenthereisalargeone.Forexample,people

takelongertodeterminewhichnumberislargerbetween47vs49thanfor12vs35.Perhaps

thistendencyexplainswhypeopletakesolongtochoosebetweentwooptionswithroughly

equalpayoffs.Inthesamewaythatwehavedifficultydistinguishingnumbersthatarenearly

equalinvalue,wealsohavedifficultychoosingbetweenoptionsthatareroughlyequally

pleasant.

However,therearedoubtsamongpeople.Somethinkthisseemsnotreasonable.Iftwo

choicesareequallyappealing,thenthedecisionshouldn'ttakesolong.Somewonder

whetherthisworksintheoppositedirection一whetherdurationofdecision-makingimplies

thatoptionsareequal.Whenoptionsareroughlyequal,peopletendtotakealongtimeto

decide.Doesthissuggestthatifpeopletakealongtimetodecide,thenoptionsareroughly

equal?Maybeinsomeinstances,thelongerwetaketomakeadecision,thelessitmatters

whatweactuallychoose.

13、Whafspeople'scommonpracticeindecisionmaking?

A.Theyoftenrushadecisionwithoutmuchthinking.

B.Theyseldombalanceadvantagesanddisadvantages.

C.Theyonlyconcentrateontheirpersonalpreferences.

D.Theytendtospendtoomuchtimeontheiroptions.

14、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disparity“inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Difference.B.Preference.C.Growth.D.Potential.

15、Whatdoestheresearchconveyinparagraph4?

A.Itisdifficultforpeopletovaluetheiroptions.

B.Thevalueofnumbersisdifficulttodistinguish.

C.Peoplehesitatewhenfacingtwosimilarchoices.

D.Peopleprefertotakethosehigh-valuedoptions.

16、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.NevertoolatetomakeadecisionB.Bepatientwithappealingchoices

C.Howtohandlevariouschoices?D.Themoretime,thebetterdecision?

二、七选五

17、YouaPrisonerofPerfection?

Doyoustruggleforagoalthatisbeyondyourreach?①Areyousetting

yourselfupforfailureandshamewhenyoucan'tachievetheunachievable?Understanding

whatdrivesperfectionismisthefirststeptowardreleasingthisself-createdanchorthatkeeps

usstuck.

Shameandfearareoftenthehiddendriversofperfectionism.Webelievethatifwecan

fashionaperfectlypolishedpersonality,flashourintelligence,andperfectourhumour,then

noonecanhurtuswithcriticismandwe'llwinrespectandapproval.

②Politicianswhodisplayadesperateneedtoberightandrefuseto

acknowledgemistakesoruncertaintyareoftendrivenbyasecretshame.Theyfearthat

showingvulnerability（弱点）willexposethemtotheaccusationthatthey9reweak.Theystick

toadesiretoberight,perfect,andpolished,evenwhenit'sobviousthattheemperorhasno

clothes.

Perfectionismkeepsusleaningtowardthefuture.We'reconstantlyevaluatingourselves

inordertodobetter.（3）_However,ifwecan'trelaxandenjoylightermoments,

thenwebecomeprisonersofourperfectionism.Wegetpainfullyself-consciousandtake

ourselvestooseriously.Sadly,wedeprive（录!J夺）ourselvesofthesimplepleasureofenjoying

themomentandbeingourselves.

Werealizethatfailingatanyenterprisedoesn'tmeanthatweareafailure.

Withoutfailures,we911neverlearnfromourmistakes;we'llnevermoveforwardinourlives.

Thosewhosucceedhavemadecountlessmistakes.Theimportantthingistolearnfromour

error,forgiveourselvesandmoveon.

Beinghuman,perfectionisimpossible®Releasingourselvesfromthedesire

toprotectourimage,we'refreedtosailgracefullythroughoursuccessesandfailures一and

enjoyourpreciouslife.

A.Doyouholdanidealizedvisionthatisimpossibletorealize?

B.Acuretoperfectionismistomakeroomforourhumanshortcomings.

C.Doyoufearthatotherswillbehorrifiedbywhatyoujudgeaboutyourself?

D.Theaddictiontostayingperfectprotectsusfromanysignofbeingimperfect.

E.There9snothingwrongwithwantingtodoourbestandself-correctingalongtheway.

F.Peoplewhoareaddictedtoperfectionareoftenisolated,eveniftheyseemoutgoingand

popular.

G.Byacceptingourselvesasweareanddoingourbest,webegintoridtheshamethatdrives

perfectionism.

18、Eco-FriendlyChangesYouCanMaketoYourHome

Aspartofthemovetosavetheenvironmentandmoney,manypeoplehavemadelots

ofchangestotheirhomesoverthepastfewyears,andthetrend（趋势）issettocontinuein

theyearsahead.①

Switchoutyourlightbulbs（灯泡）

Youmightnotthinkthatthiscouldmakeabigdifference.②WithLEDlight

bulbsbeingupto75%moreefficientthanstandardlightbulbs,itcouldsaveabout.$7.75per

monthtolightyourhomeifyoumadetheswitchtoLED.

Turntosolarenergy(太阳能)

Risingenergycostsareforcingpeopletolookfornewmethodsofpoweringtheirhomes.

(3).It'salsoaclean,renewableenergysource,meaningnotonlyisitcheaperfor

you,butenvironmentally-friendlytopoweryourhome.

④?

Windpowerismorestablethansolar,anditcanbeusedtoproducepower.Likesolar

options(选择；选项),usingwindmeansthatitwon'tmatterasyou'llhaveacontinuous

powersourceofyourown.

Seal(密封)gapsarounddoorsandwindows

Oneverylow-costoptiontohelpyourhomebemoreefficientistostoptheairfrom

leavingyourhome.Ifyouhavegapsarounddoorsandwindows,theairfromyourair

conditioningsystemwillbeheadingliterallystraightoutside.®.

A.Iswindpoweranoption

B.Thesunisoneresourcethatisn'tgoingaway

C.Isitachallengetotakeadvantageofwindpower?

D.Somakethemostofyourairconditioningsystem

E.We'velistedafewoptionstomakeyourhomemoreeco-friendly

F.Thiswillincreaseyourenergybillasyoursystemwillworkharder

G.However,lightingaccountsforaround9%ofatypicalhome'senergyuse

三、短文填空

19、Nextyearcouldsee10.76millionfreshcollegegraduates,1.67millionmorethan

thatin2021.

Thisgreatestsizeisthebestevidenceofthecountry's①(improve)education

system.However,italsomeansgreaterpressureonthejobmarket,especiallyatatime②

COVID-19isstillaround.

(3)9.09millioncollegegraduatesin2021,ittooktheeffortsofallsidesto

stabilizetheemploymentrate.Inthecomingyear,evengreaterefforts(4)(need)

becausetheconflictbetweenjobseekersandcompanieshasnotbeensolvedyet,making⑤

difficultforgraduatestofindjobsandforcompaniestogettheiridealemployees.

However,recognizing(6)problemisthefirststeptoward⑦(solve)

it.Ontheonehand,thecentralleadershiphastakenaseriesof(8)(finance)and

investmentmeasurestohelpsmall-and-medium-sizedenterprisesincreasetheirprofitstoget

moregraduates.Ontheotherhand,theMinistryofEducationhasdonemore(9)

(make)job-relatedinformationknowntothepublicsothatitreacheseveryjob-seeking

graduate.Besides,somejobssuchasthoseof⑩(live-streamer)andonlinewriters

canbeofinteresttograduates.

Wishallthebesttotheupcomingfreshgraduatesandhopetheycaneasilyfindajobin

2022.

一ChinaDaily,December30th,2021

20、AncientForestFoundInsideAGiantSinkholeInChina

TheresidentsofLeyeCountyinSouthChina'sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegionare

familiar①sinkholes.Thearea's29sinkholesandundergroundcaveshaveearnedit

aUNESCOWorldHeritageSitename.Buttheone②(explore)byscientistsinearly

May2022hadanextraordinarysecret一awell-preservedancientforest.

LixinChen,(3)(found)oftheGuangxi702CaveExpeditionClub,andhisteam

firstwentinsidethemassivesinkholeonMay6,2022.Itdidnottake(4)(they)long

toreachfirmgroundtowalkon.Butthegroupsoonrealizedtheywerenowhereclosetothe

bottomofthe630-foot-deepsinkhole.Theyhadtowalkthroughtreesashighas130feetfor

afewhours⑤(get)there.

Sincethen,thescientists⑥(return)tothesinkholewhichtheynamed“The

Eagle“severaltimes.Theyhavefoundthreecollapsedcaves,evidenceof⑦ancient

undergroundriver,andasmallundergroundlake.Chensays,“Iwouldn'tbe(8)

(amaze)toknowthattherearespeciesfoundinthesecavesthathaveneverbeenreportedor

describedbyscienceuntilnow.”

Thesinkholes,(9)areleftundisturbedbyhumanactivity,canbeanoasis(绿

洲)forlife,especiallyfor⑩(previous)unknownspecies.

21、Goingagainstthetideofflockingtowell-knowntouristdestinationsonvacation,

①growingnumberofholidaymakersinChinatendtospendtheirleisuretimeat

lesser-known②(resort)toseekunique,relaxedholidayexperiences.Thiskindof

tourism,(3)_(call)“ReverseTourism”,hasemerged(4)anewtrendamong

youngholidaymakersinChina.Theyare⑤(increasing)reluctanttofollowtheherd,

someof(6)aresimplylookingtotakearestsomewherequietforacoupleofdays.

Unlike⑦(popularity)destinations,someunderexploredplaceswithlittleonline⑧

(expose)canoffermoresurprises.

⑨(give)arealboosttothetourismmarket,itissuggestedthatmoreefforts⑩

(make)totapthepotentialofunderrated,lesser-knowndestinations.

四、书面表达

22、假定你是校学生会主席李华。你校决定近期举办建校周年庆典活动。请你写信邀

请外教Peter参加，内容包括：

1.活动时间和地点；

2.活动内容简介；

3.注意事项。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearPeter,

Yours,

LiHua

23、假如你是李华，你校外教Caroline发朋友圈求退烧药物你得知后寄去药品并附留

言条。内容包括：

1.药品用法、用量；

2.饮食建议；

3.祝早日康复。

注意：

1.写作词数为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearCaroline,

Yours,

LiHua

24、假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack听说你大学准备攻读“中医药学”专业，发邮

件向你询问缘由，请你回复邮件。内容包括：

1.中医简介；2.家庭影响；3.个人愿望。

注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：中医药学TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)

DearJack,

Thanksforyourletter!

Bestwishes!

Yours,

LiHua

五、完形填空(15空)

BeforearrivinginChina,IhadreadvariousbooksrelatingtoChina,famousChinese

novelsaswellasnon-fictionandtheseedsofmyfascinationwere1Therefore,on

arrival,Icouldn'thavebeenmore2tobelivinginthishistoricallyhugeandculturally

richcountry.

Yetdespitemyenthusiasm,learningChinesehadn'tevencrossedmy3Thiswasn't

ignoranceorlaziness,butratherfrightatthethoughtof4whatisregardedasthemost

difficultlanguageintheworld.Inmyview,theChineselanguagewastheprivilegeofthe

highlyintelligent.

5afterayearinChinaIbegantofeeluncomfortable,becauselotsofChinesepeople

couldspeakEnglishandyetIcouldn'tevenspeakthemostbasicChinese.Withthesefactors

anda(n)6foranewchallengeI7tobeginmylanguagejourney.

Atthebeginningoftwoyears,Imade8progress.Ifounditlessdifficultthanthought.

Whenspeaking9tonativespeakersinChinesetheyalmostalwaysunderstandme.But

ithasstillbeenthechallengethathastakenalotofhardworkand10ThethingIfind

mostdiscouragingislisteningsincenativespeakerstalk11Ican'talwaysunderstand

whafsbeensaid,butmyweeklyonlinelanguageexchangeshelpwiththis.Furthermore,

thereisalongwaytogo12Ireachmygoaloffluency.Thekeytoprogressistobe

patientandpersistent.Mybiggest13fromlearningChineseisthatit'snotonlyreachable

butcanalsobeenjoyable.LearningChinesenotonlyhelpedmeindailylife,but14my

culturalunderstandingofChina.NowmyonlyregretisthatIdidn't15earlier.

25、A.sownB.reproducedC.pulledD.boosted

26、A.hesitantB.joyfulC.calmD.awkward

27、A.legsB.fingersC.pathD.mind

28、A.learningB.complainingC.arguingD.handling

29、A.OtherwiseB.MoreoverC.NeverthelessD.Therefdre

30、A.responsibilityB.eagernessC.worryD.hesitation

31、A.insistedB.suggestedC.followedD.determined

32、A.manyB.muchC.fewD.little

33、A.completelyB.commonlyC.simplyD.secretly

34、A.expectationB.devotionC.discussionD.competition

35、A.inanattitudeB.inawayC.atapointD.ataspeed

36、A.afterB.sinceC.beforeD.unless

37、A.benefitB.journeyC.shortageD.struggle

38、A.signedB.movedC.declinedD.enhanced

39、A.comeB.startC.endD.retum

参考答案

1、答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Nashequilibrium（纳什均衡）isnamedafterJohn

Nash,anAmericanmathematician.ltisakindofconcept,whichattemptstodetermine

mathematicallyandlogicallytheactionsthatparticipantsofagameshouldtaketosecurethe

bestoutcomesforthemselves.（纳什均衡是以美国数学家约翰•纳什的名字命名的。这是

一种概念，它试图从数学和逻辑上确定游戏参与者应该采取的行动，以确保自己获得

最佳结果。）可知，纳什均衡属于一种游戏理论概念。故选A。

2、答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段ImagineagamebetweenTomandSam.Inthissimple

game,bothplayerscanchoosestrategyAtoreceive$1,orstrategyBtolose

$1.Logically,bothplayerschoosestrategyAandreceiveapayoffof$l.Ifyourevealed

Sam'sstrategytoTomandviceversa（反之亦然），youseethatnoplayefschoiceis

differentfromtheoriginalone.Knowingtheotherplayer'smovemeanslittleanddoesn't

changeeitherplayefsbehavior.OutcomeArepresentstheNashequilibrium.（想象——下汤姆

和萨姆之间的一场比赛。在这个简单的游戏中，双方玩家都可以选择策略A获得1美

元，或者选择策略B损失1美元。逻辑上，双方都选择策略A并获得1美元收益。如

果你将Sam的策略透露给Tom,反之亦然，你会发现没有玩家的选择与最初的不同。

知道其他玩家的移动并不意味着什么，也不会改变任何玩家的行为。结果A代表纳什

均衡。）可知，作者通过举例说明解释第三段中的纳什均衡。故选D。

3、答案：C

解析：段落大意题。根据第四段Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoff

inasituationbasedonnotonlytheirdecisionsbutalsothedecisionsofotherparties

involved.ltcanalsobeusedinmanyaspectsoflife,fromeconomicstosocialbehavioral

sciences,frombusinessstrategiestoahousesaleandsoon.（纳什均衡帮助玩家在一种情

况下确定最佳收益，这种情况不仅基于他们自己的决策，也基于其他参与方的决策。

它也可以用于生活的许多方面，从经济学到社会行为科学，从商业策略到房屋销售等

等。）可知，关于纳什均衡，第四段主要告诉了我们它的应用。故选C。

4、答案：B

解析：观点态度题。根据第四段Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoff

inasituationbasedonnotonlytheirdecisionsbutalsothedecisionsofotherpartiesinvolved.

（纳什均衡帮助玩家在一种情况下确定最佳收益，这种情况不仅基于他们自己的决

策，也基于其他参与方的决策。）以及第五段中Unlikedominantstrategy,Nash

equilibriumdoesn'talwaysleadtothemostsatisfactoryoutcome.（与优势策略不同，纳什

均衡并不总是导致最令人满意的结果。）可知，第四段谈到纳什均衡帮助玩家在一种

情况下确定最佳收益，第五段指出纳什均衡并不总是导致最令人满意的结果。由此可

推知，作者客观地看待纳什均衡。A.Resistant抵抗的；B.Objective客观的；

C.Confused困惑的；D.Curious好奇的。故选B。

5、答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第—段Humanshavelongknownthatbeinginnatureisgoodfor

themindandbody.Fromindigenous（本土的）adolescentscompletingtheadultceremony

inthewildtomodernEastAsianculturestaking"forestbaths",manyhavelookedtonature

asaplaceforhealingandpersonalgrowth.Butthequestionstillremains.Howcannature

makeit?（人类早就知道身处大自然对身心都有好处。从在野外完成成人仪式的土著

青少年到现代东亚文化中的“森林浴”，许多人都将大自然视为治愈和个人成长的地

方。但问题依然存在。大自然是怎么做到的呢？）可知，作者提及土著青少年和现代

东亚文化是为了阐明一个观点：置身大自然对身心都有好处。故选A。

6、答案：C

解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段Thereisnodoubtthatbeinginnaturereducesthe

physiologicalsymptomsofstressinourbodies.（毫无疑问，在大自然中可以减少我们身

体中压力的生理症状。）以及Thereisalsosomeevidencethatexposuretonatureimpacts

thebrain.（还有一些证据表明，接触大自然会影响大脑。）可知，此处为大自然常常

让人敬畏、惊叹和尊重，所有这些情感都有助于从身体到心理健康的一切。故可猜测

划线单词facilitating为“促进”的意思。A.Restricting限制;B.Exposing暴露；

C.Promoting促进；D.Covering覆盖。故选C。

7、答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段But,regrettably,peopleseemtobespendinglesstime

outdoorsandlesstimeinnaturethanbefore.ltisalsoclearthat,inthepast30years,

people'slevelsofstressandsenseof"busyness"haverisendramatically.Thesejointforces

haveledenvironmentalwriterRichardLouvtocointheterm"NatureDeficitDisorder**一a

formofsufferingthatcomesfromasenseofdisconnectionfromnatureanditspowers.（但

是，令人遗憾的是，人们花在户外和大自然中的时间似乎比以前少了。同样明显的

是，在过去的30年里，人们的压力水平和“忙碌”感急剧上升。这些共同的力量使得环

境作家RichardLouv创造了”自然缺失症”这个术语--一种来自于与自然及其力量脱节的

痛苦。）可推知，作者写第三段的语气是不安的，对此感到很担忧。B.Uneasy不

安；A.Indifferent冷漠的；C.Humorous幽默的；D.Proud骄傲的。故选B。

8、答案：D

解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段Fromindigenous（本土的）adolescentscompletingthe

adultceremonyinthewildtomodernEastAsianculturestaking"forestbaths",manyhave

lookedtonatureasaplaceforhealingandpersonalgrowth.Butthequestionstill

remains.Howcannaturemakeit?（从在野外完成成人仪式的土著青少年到现代东亚文

化中的“森林浴”，许多人都将大自然视为治愈和个人成长的地方。但问题依然存在。

大自然是怎么做到的呢？）可知，文章介绍了接触大自然的好处：促进身心健康。因

此可知，D.WhatCanHappenWhenWeConnectwithNature?（当我们与自然联系

时，会发生什么？）为最佳标题。故选D。

9、答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中TheexhibitionisTom'slargestonetodateandincludes

affordableart.Theinteractiveshowismadeupofdrawings,paintings,sculpturesandlive

performances.（这次展览是汤姆迄今为止最大的一次展览，其中包括价格