中考英语二轮复习课件：定语从句

定语从句04分层优练02考点突破01知识导图03解题微技巧10定语从句(也叫“关系从句”)是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的句子，它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如：Theboys

who

areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.那群踢足球的男孩都是一班的。

(先行词)(引导词)

(从句)常见的关系副词有：常见的关系代词有：定语从句的引导词(关系词)指代对象代指人代指物既可指人也可指物主语who,thatwhich,thatthat宾语whom,that所有格whose指代对象先行词关系副词及相应的介词结构时间day,year,date,timewhen：duringwhich(time)地点theplace,thecitywhere：inwhich,fromwhich原因thereasonwhy：that,forwhich1.引导词(关系代词)的常见用法引导词的用法引导词用法例子that一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who,whom和which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语Themanthat(who)isspeakingatthemeetingisaforeigner.正在会上发言的那个男人是个外国人。(先行词是theman，关系代词在从句中作主语，用that或who)Isthisthenursethat(whom)youtalkedaboutyesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位护士吗？(先行词是thenurse，关系代词在从句中作动词短语talkedabout的宾语，用that或whom)(2021广东，配对阅读)Thebirdthatgetsupearlyissuretogetsomefood,sotheearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鸟儿肯定能找到食物，所以早起的鸟儿能抓到虫子。引导词用法例子who在从句中作主语(2021广东，配对阅读)Inmanyballgames,themostimportantpersonistheonewhocarriestheball.在许多球赛中，最重要的人就是持球的人。(2019广东，阅读理解B篇)Aprogrammeristhepersonwhogivestherobotits“smarts”.程序员是赋予机器人“智慧”的人。whom在从句中作宾语Heistheboywhomyouwantedtofind.他就是你想要找的那个男孩。whose在从句中作定语Thegirlwhosemotherisanurseiswaitingforyououtside.那个女孩在外面等你，她的妈妈是名护士。which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语(2020广东，阅读理解B篇)Ontheotherhand,thelandwhichtheelephantslivedonwasoverusedbyhumans.另一方面，大象生活的栖息地被人类过度使用。Thebookwhichisonthedeskbelongstome.桌子上的那本书是我的。2.引导词(关系代词)的特殊用法(1)下列情况只能用that(不能用which)来指代物：情况例子①先行词为all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时Iwilldoeverything

thatIcandotohelpyou.我将会尽我所能来帮助你。②先行词是形容词最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时Thisisthe

most

important

task

thatshouldbefinishedsoon.这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。③先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时Youarethe

first

men

thatlikethiskindofbooks.你们是第一批喜欢这种书的人。情况例子④先行词中既有人又有物时Weweredeeplyimpressedbythe

teachers

and

schools

thatwehadvisited.我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了很深的印象。⑤当先行词由theonly,thelast,thevery,any,few,little,no,all等限定词修饰时，引导词只能用thatHeistheonly

person

thatknowsthetruth.他是唯一知道真相的人。⑥当主句中已经含有关系词who或者which时，引导词只用thatHebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthatIhadneverseenbefore.他建造了一个工厂，生产的东西是我之前从未见过的。(2)下列情况只能用who来指代人：情况例子①先行词是one,ones,anyone时One

whohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。Don’ttellanyonewhoshouldn’tbetoldaboutthenews.别把消息告诉给不该告诉的人。②当those作先行词指人时Those

whorespectothersareoftenrespectedbyothers.敬人者，人恒敬之。③当先行词有较长的后置定语时Imetaforeignerin

the

street

whocouldspeakChinesewell.我在街上遇到一位中文说得很好的外国人。情况例子④有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经使用了that，另一个宜用whoTheboythatyoumetlastnightisherboyfriendwhocanmakekites.你昨晚遇到的那个男孩是她的男朋友，他会制作风筝。⑤在therebe开头的句子中，先行词指人There

isanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.有一个老人想见你。⑥当主语是I,he,you,they等时，常用于谚语、格言中He

whoplayswithfiregetsburned.玩火者必自焚。(

)1.Notallchildren_______watchthisvideowillbecomeascientist,butsomemaybecomeinterestedinscience.

A.whom B.which C.who D.whose(

)2.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.Everything_______comesintosightissonewtome.

A.that B.which C.who D.whomAC(

)3.Insects,mice,frogs,dogsandmonkeysweresomeoftheanimals

7

firstwentintospace.

A.whom

B.what

C.that

D.whose4.用下划线画出下列复合句中的定语从句。①(2023广东，阅读理解C)Theremustbethingsyoudon’tneedanymorelikeoldtoysormagazines.②(2023广东，回答问题)Thiswasdiscoveredbyscientistswhodoresearchondreams.C一、语法选择基础练(单项填空)(

)1.(2023·黑龙江牡丹江)Ifwestudyhardwithbigdreams，thereisnothing_______can’tbeachieved.

A.who B.that C.whom(

)2.(2023·青海)Abestfriendisaperson_______isalwaystherewhenyouneedhimorher.Asthesayinggoes，

“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”

A.whom B.whose C.whoCB(

)3.(2023·吉林)Thestudentsarereadingbooks_______arefullofthe“redspirit”thesedays.

A.who B.where C.which(

)4.(2023·湖南株洲)Today’sChinaisacountry_______keepstothisnationalcharacter.

A.what B.who C.thatCC(

)5.(2023·四川达州)—The

Lifelong

Journeyisoneofthemosttouchingbooks_______Ihaveeverread.

—Yeah，thebookisfantasticandIamlookingforwardto_______itagain.

A.that；reading B.which；toread C.that；toreadA(

)6.A.borrow B.borrowing C.borrowed二、语法选择(2023·四川乐山中考改编)InthevillageofMuntanginIndonesia(印度尼西亚)，manychildrendoonethingafterschool：Theypickuprubbishinorderto

6

booksfromthe“WasteLibrary”.

A(

)7.A.which B.who C.whose(

)8.A.of B.for C.with(

)9.A.she

B.her

C.herself(

)10.A.a

B.an

C.the(

)11.A.and

B.but

C.orACBCRadenRoroHendartiistheperson

7

setupthisspeciallibrary.Everyweekday，sherideshertricycle(三轮车)

8

lotsofbookstothevillage.Manychildrenarealreadywaitingfor

9

.Theypickout

10

bookstheywanttoread

11

“pay”herwithplasticcups，bagsandothertypesofwaste.Afterthat，theselittlechildrenusuallysittogethertoenjoyreadingtheirbooks.

B(

)12.A.sends

B.issent

C.wassent(

)13.A.little B.less C.theleastBEachweek，Raden’s“WasteLibrary”collectsabout100kilogramsofrubbish.Thenthewaste

12

forrecyclingorsold.Radenwillusethemoneytobuynewbooksforherlibrary.“Ourchildrenshouldreadmoreandspend

13

timeplayingonlinegames，”saidRaden.“Iwantthemtogetoffline(离线的)andstartdoingsomethinggoodfortherealworld.”

B(

)14.A.have

B.has

C.had(

)15.A.kind B.kindly C.kindnessCThe“WasteLibrary”

14

over6，000booksnow.Thenumberisstillgrowing.Raden’sactof

15

isshiningtheheartsandmindsofmorechildren.

B从广东近五年的阅读理解篇章可知，三大从句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)在阅读文章中出现的频率很高。学会划分句子成分，根据语境区分各种从句，是理解长难句的前提，能大大提高阅读能力。例1

(2023广东，阅读理解B篇)Forexample，manybirdsdependonstarsfordirection，buttheygetlosteasilyatnightwhencitylightsarekeptonallnight.步骤：（1）找出句子主干，这是一个由but连接的并列复合句。句子主干：manybirdsdependonstars（句子①），buttheygetlosteasilyatnight（句子②）.（2）通过分析句子成分，可以发现句子①为简单句，句子②包含了一个时间状语从句：whencitylightsarekeptonallnight（由when引导的状语从句说明具体时间）步骤：（1）找出句子主干句子主干：Hefindsoutthat…

（2）通过语境和从句的定义，找出从句的种类①宾语从句：thatthose…havebettersleepandmoreenergy（谓语动词findout的具体内容，是主句Hefindsout的宾语。）②定语从句：whoexerciseinnaturallightforhalfanhoureveryday（修饰先行词those，具体说明什么人havebettersleepandmoreenergy，是定语从句。）例2

(2022广东，回答问题)Hefindsoutthatthosewhoexerciseinnaturallightforhalfanhoureverydayhavebettersleepandmoreenergy(能量).步骤：（1）找出句子主干句子主干：shecameupwithanidea（2）通过语境和从句的定义，找出从句的种类①状语从句：WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfood（when引导的从句说明谓语动词cameup的时间，是时间状语从句。）②定语从句：thatwasnoteatenatalleveryday（that引导的从句修饰先行词food，具体说明是每天一点都没被吃过的食物，是定语从句。）例3

(2021广东，阅读理解B篇)WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfoodthatwasnoteatenatalleveryday，shecameupwithanidea.【练练吧】一、请用下划线画出下列句子的主干。1.Whenyouareoutintheheatnexttime，

justtakeitoutandenjoythegentlewind.(2023广东，阅读理解A篇)

2.Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection.(2023广东，阅读理解B篇)

3.Asyourbrainconnectsthings,itturnsthemintoastory，andthenyougetadream.(2023广东，回答问题)

4.HowcanIturnmyadventuresintosomethingthatcanhelptheworld？

(2022广东，阅读理解B篇)

5.Thesampleshavehelpedscientistslearnhowplantsliveinextreme(极端的)conditions.(2022广东，阅读理解B篇)

6.Theymadeitarulethatstudentsshoulddooutdoorexerciseonceortwiceaday.(2022广东，回答问题)

二、阅读训练A(2023·湖南郴州中考改编)Youmayreceivelotsofgiftsonyourbirthday.Buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutgivingyourbirthdaygiftstopeopleinneed？KyleBreeden，a12-year-oldboyfromMaryland，theUSA，hasdonethateversincehewassixyearsold.OnNovember19theveryyear，Kyleinviteshisfriendstohisbirthdaycelebration.Heaskseachfriendtobringanewtoytodonate(捐赠)toToysforTots(“向孩童捐赠玩具”).ToysforTotsisaprojectwhichgivesouttoystochildrenwhoseparentscannotusuallybuythemtoys.Kylehasdonatedmorethan2，000toystotheproject.Andheplanstocontinuecollectingtoysforotherkidsforyearstocome.WhenKylewasfive，heaskedhisparentshowhecouldhelpothers.Kyle’sparentswereexcitedtohearthatandtheyhelpedhimgetintouchwithToysforTots.Fromthenon，hehaslookedforwardtohisbirthday，butonlytogettoys.ThenhecollectsthetoysandgoestotheToysforTotscelebrationstodonatethem.JohnMinadakis，whohostedaToysforTotscelebration，saidthathehadneverseensomeonegivesomuchatsuchayoungage.Hebelievedtheabilitytoputothersbeforehimselfcouldtaketheboyfarinlife.Kylefeelsgoodwhenhehelpsothers.Hehopesthatthroughhisexample，otherkidswillbeinspiredtogiveback.“Manypeoplearoundmyagedon’thavetoystoplaywith.Iwanttodosomething，”Kylesaid.“Eventhesmallesttoycanmakeakid’sday.”(一)根据文章内容完成下列各题(

)1.WhenisKyle’sbirthday？A.OnDecember19th. B.OnNovember12th.C.OnNovember19th.

D.OnDecember12th.(

)2.Kyle’sparentshelpedhimgetintouchwithToysforTotswhenhewas_______.

A.12yearsold

B.8yearsold

C.6yearsold D.5yearsoldDC(

)3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inspired”probablymeaninEnglish？A.Improved.

B.Encouraged. C.Introduced.

D.Proved.B(

)4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？A.KyleplanstobuysometoystodonatetoToysforTots.B.JohnMinadakishighlypraisedKyleforhiskindaction.C.Akidcannotspendadayhappilywithoutthesmallesttoy.D.Kyle’sparentsdidn’twanthimtodonatehistoys.B(

)5.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage？A.GivingBirthdayGiftstoOthers B.ToysforTotsCelebrationsC.ToysareImportanttoKids D.ABirthdayCelebrationA(二)长难句分析JohnMinadakis(约翰·米纳达基斯)，whohostedaToysforTotscelebration，saidthathehadneverseensomeonegivesomuchatsuchayoungage.1.找出以上句子中的2个从句。(1)

，属于

从句。

(2)

，

属于

从句。

2.翻译：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

约翰·米纳达基斯主持了“向孩童捐赠玩具”的庆祝活动，他说他从来没有见过有人在这么小的年纪就付出这么多。宾语thathehadneverseensomeonegivesomuchatsuchayoungage定语whohostedaToysforTotscelebration

A.Teenagersshouldlearntomakeearlydecisionsaboutcareers(职业)andlife.Firstofall,askyourselfwhatyoureallylikeandwanttobe.Thenchoosethesubjectsthathelpyouachieveyourdream.B.Iagreewithyou.Lifeshouldbecolorful.Youshouldlearntomanageyourtimeandbalanceyourstudyandhobbies.Trytosparesometimetodothethingsyouareinterestedin.B配对阅读。左栏是五个人的情绪问题，右栏是七条建议。请根据每个人的问题，为他们选择合适的建议。C.Asaninth-grader,youshouldkeepcoolandmakegooduseofyourtime.Thefirstthingistolisteverythingyouarenotsureaboutandaskyourteacherforhelp.D.It’snormaltohaveproblemswithfriends.Whynotinvitehertosee