Unit4SpaceExploration一轮复习语法导学案-高三英语人教版

主备人贾巧莲校对人李文艳高一年级一部英语导学案使用日期：2023年11月25日编号：UNIT4语法教学教学目标：学会运用动词不定式作定语和状语；教学难点：动词不定式作定语和状语的用法导学在初中阶段我们就已经接触到过很多不定式短语，那么不定式短语的作用是什么呢？动词不定式做定语和状语自学Findtheverbswithedandinginthetext,makesentencewiththem.互学Shareyouranswersingroups.展学Showyouranswersactively.教学Grammar动词不定式做定语和状语Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswithgrammar“theinfinitive”usedastheadverbialandattributive.Tobeginwith,teachersshouldleadstudentstorevisewhattheyhavelearnedaboutthisgrammarbyanalyzingthesentencepatternsinthetextandsomesimplesentences.Andthen,teachersmoveontostressmorespecialcasesconcerningthisgrammar。Thisperiodcarriesconsiderablesignificancetothecultivationofstudents’writingpetenceandlaysasolidfoundationforthebasicappreciationoflanguagebeauty.Theteacherisexpectedtoenablestudentstomasterthisperiodthoroughlyandconsolidatetheknowledgebydoingsomeexercises.1.Guidestudentstoreviewthebasicusagesof“theinfinitive”usedastheadverbialandattributive.2.LeadstudentstolearntousesomespecialcasesconcerningtheP“theinfinitive”usedastheadverbialandattributive.3.Enablestudentstousethebasicphrasesstructuresflexibly.4.Strengthenstudents’greatinterestingrammarlearning.Helpstudentstoappreciatethefunctionof“theinfinitive”usedastheadverbialandattributive.2.Instructstudentstowriteessaysusingtheproper“theinfinitive”usedastheadverbialandattributive.观察下列句子特点，总结共同点。指出下列句子中画线部分所作的句子成分1．Canyoufindaproperpersontofinishthisjobintime？2．Doyouhaveanythingtobetakenthere?3．Ihurriedtohishouse,onlytofindhimout.4．He'soldenoughtomakeatripalone.5．Doyouhaveanythingtodotonight?6．Inhisthirdyear,heleftHarvardtoworkforapanycalledMicrosoft.答案：1.定语2.定语3.状语4.状语5.定语6.状语一、不定式作定语1．不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。Ihavealotofworktodo.我有许多工作要做。(动宾关系)Heisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.他是第一个想到这个主意的人。(主谓关系)Ihavenotimetogothere.我没有时间去那儿。(动状关系)Hehasgotachancetogoabroad.他有一个出国的机会。(同位关系)(1)不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该不定式为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词。Iamlookingforaroomtolivein.我正在找一间屋子住。(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式tosend的动作执行者是“你”)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式tobesent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)2．不定式作定语的几种情况：(1)不定式作定语可以表示将来的动作。Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.我借了一些我假期要读的书。(2)序数词，形容词最高级，thelast,theonly等词后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用不定式作定语。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：plan,ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。(2)单句写作①突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写的纸。Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher,butshecouldn'tfindanypaper______________.②她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。Shewasthefirstwoman____________thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.【答案】：①towriteon②towin二、不定式作状语1．结果状语不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。常用于下列结构中：onlytodo;enoughtodo(足够做……);too...to...(太……而不能……);so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)。Hehurriedtotherailwaystation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。Hewassotiredastobeunabletowalk.＝Hewastootiredtowalk.他累得走不动了．【点津】现在分词短语作结果状语常常表示“自然而然、意料之中或顺理成章”的结果。Ithasn'trainedforamonth,makingthecropshardtogrow.一个月没下雨了导致庄稼很难生长。2．目的状语不定式作目的状语主要表示某一动作或状态的目的。常用于下列结构中：onlyto(仅仅为了);inorderto;so...asto;so(such)...asto...(如此……以便……)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。Iehereonlytosaygood­byetoyou.我来仅仅是向你告别。【点津】1.不定式的复合结构作目的状语,当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构即在不定式或不定式短语之前加for＋名词或宾格代词作状语。Heopenedthedoorforthechildrentoein.他开门让孩子们进来。目的状语从句与不定式的转换英语中的目的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况：1当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。We'llstartearlyinorderthat/sothatwemayarriveintime.→We'llstartearlyinorderto/soastoarriveintime.2当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。Icameearlyinorderthatyoumightreadmyreportbeforethemeeting.→Icameearlyinorderforyoutoreadmyreportbeforethemeeting.检学Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Heis______(determine)tostayforalongtime.2.Asatellitehasbeen_______(launch)tolearnmoreaboutspace.3.Iwas______(disappoint)thatJohnwasnotthere.4.Yourdesireforsuccessleavesadeepimpression____me.5.Whileweliveintheschooldormitory,wehavetolive____(independent).6.Shewasforcedtoliveasimplelifebecauseoflack_____money.7.Howdo______(astronaut)doexerciseinthespace?8.Ithinkyouare____(mental)tired.9.She_____(signal)usthateverythingwasallright.10.Ithoughthewasveryattractiveandobviouslyvery______(intelligence).11.Hecam______(show)mehisnewsciencebook.

12.OurEnglishteacherhasmanyways_____(make)herclassinteresting.

13.Thedoctorsarebusydoingwhattheycan____(save)thedyingman.

14.Theoldmanwastooangry______(say)aword.

15.Hegotupearly____(catch)thebus.

16.HehurriedtothestationtoseeTomoff,only_____(find)hehadalreadyleft.

17.Hehasalotofwork_____(do)everyweekend.

18.Theyarelookingforaroom_____(live)in.

19.Ihavenochance____(go)sightseeingwithsomuchworktodo.

20.He