2024年人教版中考英语复习专题四时态（二）两种完成时态

语法专题5现在完成时一．概念（1）动作发生在过去，且已经结束，但对现在产生了影响；（2）动作发生在过去，并持续到现在（很有可能会继续延续下去）。二．基本结构（have/has+过去分词）(1)肯定式：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.eg.There’sanaccident.Ihavejustcalledthe120.(2)否定式：主语+have/has+not（haven’t/hasn’t）+过去分词+其他.eg.Ihavenotcalledthe120.(3)一般疑问式：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.eg.Haveyoucalledthe120?Yes,Ihave.或No,Ihaven’t.特殊疑问式：疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？三．用法1.表示过去已经发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一用法的特点是动作不延续，并常与以下标志词连用：①already,just或yet；②never或ever；③动作发生的次数，如twice,fourtimes等；④sofar；⑤recently,uptonow,over/inthelast/past+一段时间等；注意：(1)already用于肯定句，置于句中或句末；yet用于否定句和疑问句，置于句末；(2)ever用于疑问句或肯定句，置于句中；never用于否定句，置于句中；2.表示过去某一时刻开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这一用法只适用于延续性动词，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用，常用以下两大标志：①since+(过去的)时间点；eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.②for+时间段；eg.Ihavebeenherefortwoyears.拓展：since+段时间+agoeg.Hehasbeendeadsince4yearsago.since+一般过去时的句eg.Ithasbeen4yearssinceIcametoShenzhen.四．常考、易考点havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin区别havebeento去过某地（已经回来了）havegoneto去了某地（有可能在去的路上，有可能到达了目的地）havebeenin在某地呆了多长时间2.延续性动词与瞬间动词之间的转换动词→动词buy→have,borrow→keep动词→be+adj/advbegin→beon,leave→beaway(from),return→beback,arrive→bethere,die→bedead,marry→bemarried，open→beopen,close→beclosed动词→be+介词短语e/go→bein/at,puton→wear/be+injoin→bein+组织机构/beamemberofeg.Hisfatherhasdiedforfiveyears.（误）Hisfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.（对）注意：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时。eg.Wehaven’tmeteachotherforaboutthreeyears.3．一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：1）一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday;lastweek;twoyearsago;justnow;in2002等；而现在完成时常与since,for,yet,already等连用。2）现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯地表示过去某段时间内的经历。eg.Ithasrainedforfivehours.雨已经下了5个小时了。Itrainedforfivehoursyesterday.昨天下了5个小时的雨。一般过去时强调的是过去的动作或状态；而现在完成时强调的是现在的情况或状态。4.补充①howlong引导的问句用于完成时中，谓语动词必须是延续性的动词。回答时用“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”②句型：Ithasbeen/Itis+时间段+since从句（动词用过去时）附：过去分词的变化规则1.规则变化：规则动词的过去分词与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”workworkedworkedvisitvisitedvisited(2)以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”livelivedlived(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“ed”studystudiedstudiedcrycriedcried(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”stopstoppedstoppeddropdroppeddropped2.不规则变化：见八下课本不规则动词表过去完成时一、过去完成时的构成：肯定句：主语+助动词had+动词的过去分词（done）+其他成分否定句：主语+助动词had+not+动词的过去分词（done）+其他成分一般疑问句：助动词had+主语++动词的过去分词（done）+其他成分特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+had+主语+动词的过去分词（done）+其他成分或特殊疑问词+had+动词的过去分词+其他成分二、过去完成时的用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。例如：Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.他说过他以前学过一些英语。2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。例如：IhadlivedinAmericafortwoyearsbeforeIcamehere.3、在状语从句中，在过去不同的时间发生的两个动作，发生在先，用过去完成时，发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.三、一般过去时、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。现在完成时强调完成的动作对现在的影响或结果。过去完成时则强调完成的动作对过去的影响，或体现过去发生的两个动作的先后有别试比较：HeleftBeijingtwoyearsago.Beforethat,hehadlivedthereforfiveyears.HehasgonetoShanghairecently.课堂练习一.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.We_____________(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman_____________(make)awillbeforehe_____________(die).3.They_____________(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey___________(leave).4.Therobbers_____________(runaway)beforethepolicemen____________

(arrive).5.I__________(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI____________(go)tobed.6.Paul__________(go)outwithJaneafterhe__________(make)

aphonecall.7.Tom__________(say)he___________(read)thebooktwice.8.Ourplan____________(fail)becausewe_____________(make)abadmistake.9.Whenthechairman______________(finish)speaking,he_____________(leave)thehall.10.TheReads____________

(have)lunchwhenI________________(get)totheirhouse.11.WhenI______________(arrive)atthestation,he________________(leave).12.We_______________(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.13.Iwaiteduntilhe_______________(finish)hishomework.14.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe___________already__________(do)15.She____________(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe________________(go)therebefore.16.He______________(nottell)youthenewsyet.17.Hesaidhe_____________already_________(give)thebooktotheteacher.18.I______________(be)toShanghaibefore.19.Shetoldmeshe_________________(be)toSanyathreetimes.20.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October(for/since).二.单项选择。（）1.Heaskedme_____duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeen

B.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeen

D.wherehadIgone（）2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,do

B.has,

done

Cdid,did.

D.had,

done（）3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learned

B.waslearning

C.hadlearned

D.learnt（）4.________youhavesomemorefood?Thankyou.I_______enough.

A.Will,havehave

B.Could,havehad

C.Do,havehave

D.Do,havehad（）5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.A.hadcooked

B.cooked

C.havecooked

D.wascooked（）6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseen

B.saw

C.willsee

D.hadseen（）7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,from

B.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,with

D.hadhidden,with（）8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.

haspleteduniversity

B.haspletedtheuniversityB.

hadpletedanuniversity

D.hadpleteduniversity（）9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.A.for

B.in

C.by

D.at（）10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.A.hadlearned,piano

B.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepiano

D.learns,piano.（）11.What_______Annie____bythetimehewasten?A.did,do

B.did,did

C.has,done

D.haddone（）12.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworked

B.works

C.hadworked

D.willwork（）13.Bytheendoflastweek,they____thebridge.A.haspleted

B.pleted

C.willplete

D.hadpleted（）14.Benhatesplaying_____violin,

buthelikesplaying____football.A.a…the

B.the…the

C./…the

D.the…/（）15.Bythetimehewas4,

he______alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearned

B.haslearned

C.learned

D.learns（）16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen_____theclassroom.A.wasleft

B.hadleft

C.hasleft

D.left（）17.They_________inGuangzhousince2000.A.lived

B.hadlived

C.havelived

D.wereliving（）18.ThetrainfromBeijing_______tenminutesago.A.hasarrived

B.wasarriving

C.arrived

D.hadarrived（）19.Thestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleaned

B.hadcleaned

C.wascleaned

D.havebeencleaned（）20.Fergie_______theprojectinonehour.A.havefinished

B.willfinish

C.finishes

D.hasfinished（）21.Theman________hiscoatandwentout.A.puton

B.hadputon

C.willputon

D.wasputtingon（）22Mymother______inthatfactoryattheageof18.A.hadworked

B.hasworked

C.worked

D.works（）23.Dad________whilehe_______TV.A.fellasleep…watch

B.wasfallingasleep…watched

C.fellasleep……waswatching

D.hadfallenasleep…watched（）24.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.

A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen（）25.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.

A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen（）26.Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow（）27.Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still（）28.HaveyoumetMrLi______？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago（）29.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten（）30.—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better（）31.ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying（）32.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew（）33.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see（）34.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone（）35.—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish课后练习（）36.Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin（）37.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebeeD.havemade（）38.—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.eD.arrived（）39.Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began（）40.It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was（）41.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen（）42.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen（）43.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey（）44.______hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe______toChina?A.Howsoon,esB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived（）45.Hisuncle______formorethan9years.A.hasehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity（）46.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway（）47.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeeninD.joinedin（）48.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened（）49.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebee（）50.Youmustn't_____untilheesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleftD.leaved（）51.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenoverD.end（）52.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hasetoC.hastaughtD.cameto（）53.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbeeC.wasD.became（）54.I