时态复习（现在完成时与各时态辨析）牛津译林版英语八年级下册

八年级时态复习——现在完成时与时态辨析Step1Ihavebeenlivinghere_____1999.A.forB.afterC.inD.since2._____haveyoubeenplayingtheguitar?For5years.A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howoften3.______mayIkeepthesebooks?Fortwoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon4.______haveyoubeenhere?I’vebeenhereformonths.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howmany5.Theboy______TVallmorning.A.haswatchedB.hadwatchedC.hasbeenwatchingD.watched6.Howlong_____you_____stamps?Sincetwoyearsago.A.have,collectedB.did,collectC.have,beencollectingD.are,collecting7.Theyarestillworkinginthefields.They______fortwohours.A.wasworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.workedD.areworking8.Helookstired.Oh,he____forthreehours.A.havebeenskatingB.havebeenskatedC.hasbeenskatingD.hasbeenskated9.He______itfortwohours,andheisstillwatchingnow.A.hasbeenB.watchingC.hasbeenwatchingD.iswatching10.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswrittenStep2现在完成时态讲练2一、英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：e，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，getup，bee，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语（howlong，for，since）连用。Hehaseback.（√）Hehasebackfortwohours.（×）※

但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如Ihaven’theardfrommyfatherforalongtime.Wehaven’tseenhimsince1999.二、当终止性动词（非延续性动词）与表示一段时间的状语（howlong，since，for，allone’slife）相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:（1）用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.Hehasebackfortwoweeks.（错）改为:Hecamebacktwoweeksago.（正）Ihavelostmybikefortendays.（错）改为:Ilostmybiketendaysago.（正）（2）用“Itis/hasbeen＋时间＋since＋一般过去时态”句型来改写。HehasjoinedtheLeaguefor3years.（错）Itis3yearssincehejoinedtheLeague.Ihaveboughtthebookfor5days.（错）Itis5dayssinceIboughtthebook.（正）Hehasdiedfor20years.（错）Itis20yearssincehedied.（正）（3）用“时间＋haspassed＋since＋一般过去时态”句型来改写。Hehaslefthomefor20years.改为:Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthome.Hehaslosthispenfor2days.改为:Twodayshaspassedsincehelosthispen.（4）用系表结构来改写.Hehasdiedfor20years.改为:Hehasbeendeadfor20years.Thefactoryhasopenedsince1999.改为:Thefactoryhasbeenopensince1999.Howlonghasheleft?改为:Howlonghashebeenaway?（5）用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。Hehasboughtthebookfortwoweeks.改为:Hehashadthebookfortwoweeks.常见的相应转换形式如下:borrow/lend→keepbuy→have,finish/end→beoverarrive/e/go/move/reach/getto→bein/at/behere/betherebegin/start→beonopen→beopenclose→becloseddie→bedead,leave→beaway（from）gotoschool→beinschool/beastudent,getup→beupfallasleep→beasleep,fallill→beillgettoknow→knowlose→belostbee→bereturn/eback/getback→bebackjoin→bein/bea…memberjointhearmy→beinthearmy/beasoldierreceive/getaletter→havealettercatch/getacold→haveacoldbegintostudy→study他参军已有三年.Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.（错）改为:Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.=Itisthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.=Threeyearshaspassedsincehejoinedthearmy.巩固练习（1）Hecametoourvillagetwoyearsago.=Heourvillagesincetwoyearsago.（2）Helefthomethreedaysago=Hehomefor3days.（3）Iboughtthewatch2weeksago=Ithewatchsince2weeksago.（4）Itis5dayssinceIborrowedthebook=Ithebookfor5days.（5）Thefilmhasbegun=Thefilmforhalfanhour.（6）Igottoknowhim10yearsago=Ihimfor10years.（7）Thereisafactory=Thereafactoryfor20years.（8）Ourschoolopenedin1960=Ourschoolsince1960.三、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题1.havebeento和havegoneto的区别havebeento强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）havegoneto主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：Where'syourmother?你妈妈在哪？Shehasgonetothehospital.她去医院了。2.havebeento和havebeenin的区别havebeento强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。eg.①ShehasbeentoShanghaionlyonce.②Howmanytimeshashebeenthere?He'sbeentheremanytimes.havebeenin表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。eg.①Theyhavebeenatthebusstopforhalfanhour.他们在车站呆了半小时。（现在仍然在车站）②WehavebeeninXi'anfortwoweeks.我们在西安呆了两个多星期。（现仍在西安）③HowlonghavetheybeeninChina?他们在中国呆了多长时间了？（仍在中国）练习：用havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin/wentto填空。1._____youever_____Disneyland?2.Howmanytimes_____you_____Disneyland?3.I_____Nanjingsincetwoyearsago4.Mr.Li_____HongKong.Andhe'llebackintwodays.5.—Howlong_____you_____Disneyland?—Forthreedays.I__________thethemeparklastSunday.6.Myfather__________HongKongtwoweeksago.7.Myfather__________HongKongin2005.8.Myfather__________HongKongsince2005.9.Myfather__________HongKongtwice.10.Myfather__________HongKongandhehasn'tebackyet.11.—Where'sLucy?—Shehas__________toarestaurantforlunch.12.Haveyou__________tothisparkbefore.13.Ihave__________thereonlyoncethisyear.14.Shehas__________totheshoptobuyanotebook.15.You'relate,LaoWanghas__________toGuangzhou.Step3真题导入：()1.—What’sthatterriblenoise?——Theneighborsforaparty.haveprepared B.arepreparing C.prepare D.willprepare()2.——IwantedtovisityourunclewhenIpassedhispany,buthewasn'tin.——Oh.Heformyfatherwithmeatthetrainstation.A.iswaitingB.waitedC,haswaitedD.waswaiting()3.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?

A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave一、现在进行时基本用法：1表示此刻（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事：Wearewaitingforyou.暂时或当时的动作2习惯进行（现阶段正在进行）：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态）构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词否定、一般疑问、回答一般情况+ingfalling、sleeping以不发音字母e结尾的单词去e，+inghaving、biting以ie结尾的单词改ie为y+ingDying、lying以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾字母+ingputting、sitting结尾为c且读作/k/时结尾加k再加ingPicnicking3在最近计划或安排要进行的活动/已经确定或安排好的将来活动：用现在进行时表将来即使说可以用来代替将来时，但一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用，仅限于少量动词。表示“来来去去”的词：e、go、leave、start、move、arrive、fly、stay等，用这些词的现在进行时表将来的动作。I’mleavingforatrekinNepalnextweek.我下周要去尼泊尔旅行。We’reflyingtoParistomorrow.4.某些介词短语用于“主系表”结构中表示动作正在进行。Theyareattable.=Theyareeatinglunchnow.Mymotherisatworknow.=Mymotherisworkingnow.5.always是一般现在时的标志词，但是它也可以用于现在进行时。用于现在进行时的时候，表示一种强烈的感情色彩，译为“总是”。Heisalwaystellinglies.Sheisalwayshelpingothers.6.祈使句：Bequiet！Thebabyissleeping.Hurryup！Thebusising.7.WhereisTom?Ican’tfindhim.Heisplayinggames.Isthereraincoatyours?Mineishangingouthere.8.某些特殊动词不能用于现在进行时。（1）have当“有”讲时，不能用现在进行时。Ihavetwobooksnow.（2）“belongto”Thetwopeoplebelongtomenow.（3）表示“心理活动/状态/感觉”的词Iwantadognow.解题技巧：1.带有时间副词now或提示性动词listen,look,canyousee,can’tyousee之类的暗示语时,用现在进行时；2.上下语境体现出的正在进行的动作。二、过去进行时基本用法:（过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作）1.表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作,常与之连用的时间状语：Thismorning、thewholemorning、allday、yesterday、fromninetoten、lastevening、when、whileWhatwasheresearchingalldaylastSunday?IfirstmetMarythreeyearsago.Shewasworkingataradioatthattime.2.表示过去某个时间点发生的事情。Atthattime,atnineyesterdaymorning…Whatwasshedoingatnineo'clockyesterday?Whatwereyoudoingat7p.m.yesterday?3在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么住从句的动词都可用过去进行时：如:Whilehewaswaitingforthebushewasreadingnewspaper.(延续动词)Hewascleaninghiscarwhilewascooking.(同时进行)4.表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,常与副词always、frequently连同,带有说话人的感情色彩。Hismotherwasalwaysworkinglikethat.5.通常不能用于过去进行时的动词:agree、believe、belong、care、forget、hate、have、hear、mean…特殊用法:when和while都表示“当…时”的时候，while后一般都是进行时态,when后可加任何时态但考试的时候，多考when后加一般时态，while后加进行时态的辨析。Mybrotherfellandhurtwhilehewasridinghisbike.Shewasmakingcakeswhenhermotherarrivedathome.过去进行时强调动作的进行性和连续性,一般过去时强调发生过的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作结果,说明有过这件事。三：现在进行时与一般现在时的区别：(1)基本用法;(2)谓语动词的形式;(3)时间状语;(4)特殊用法1.一般现在时表示习惯性的动作或状态现在进行时表示现在正在发生或进行的动作或存在的状态2.一般现在时的谓语动词:(1)be(2)实义动词现在进行时:am/is/are+动词ing3.时间状语4.表示客观真理、自然现象往往要用四、现在进行时与一般过去时的区别:1.一般过去时所指的过去时间比较笼统过去进行时比较具体；2.一般过去时强调的是动作的“发生”或状态的“存在”,过去进行时强调动作正在进行3.有时,同是发生于过去的某一个时候的某一个动作,两个时态都可采用,但语意不尽相同,有很大区别。Jackwrotelettertohisparentslastnight.(写完了)Jackwaswritinglettertohisparentslastnight.(信不一定写完)4.一般过去时的谓语动词既能用延续性动词,也能用非延续性动词;过去进行时只能用延续性动词。随堂巩固1.Whydidn’tPeterhishomework?—Hesaidhehadlosthisworkbook.Ithinkit’saexcuse.A.doesB.doingC.doD.did2.PukouRailwayStationin1911andithasbeeafilminglocationforfilmsandTVplaysinrecentyears.A.buildB.isbuiltC.builtD.wasbuilt3.WhereisJoan?Sheanovelinherstudy.A.hasreadB.readsC.willreadD.isreading4.Toomanypeoplewereabsent.Thechairpersonwarnedthathethemeetingifnecessary.A.wouldcancelB.cancelledC.wouldstartD.started5.Youwillseemanyauntsdancingtogetheronthesquareifitintheevening.A.doesn’trainB.rainsC.willrainD.won’train6.HelenencouragedmetospeakEnglishasmuchaspossiblebecausepracticeperfect.A.beesB.becameC.willmakeD.makes7.SherlockHomesaskedthesuspectwhathewhenthemurdertookplace.A.wasdoingB.hasdoneC.isdoingD.woulddo8.CanMr.Kingsparetimeforthecharityshow?Ifhe,hewilltryhisbesttomakeit.A.willbeinvitedB.isinvitedC.invitesD.