Unit4AdversityandCourage知识清单-高中英语人教版选择性

Unit4AdversityandCourage《一》重点单词1.qualifyvt.使具名...资格qualifiedadi,符合资格;具备……的知识(式技能当历生)qualificationn.资格;学历;资历①具备……的学历/资历bequalifiedfor.②具备资历做某事:符合做某事的资格bequalifiedtodosth3Allthestudentsqualified(qualify)andinterestedareweletoparticipate.2.enthusiasmn.热情,热忱→enthusiasticadi.热情的;热心的→enthusiasticallyadv。热情地①对(做)某事感兴趣,对(做)某事热心be/beeenthusiasticabout(doing)sth.②热心的支持者:Anenthusiasticsupporter③热烈欢迎:anenthusiasticwele④(非常)热情地with(great)enthusiasm⑤充满热情fullofenthusiasm⑥Simonisenthusiasticaboutscience(对科学感兴趣）anddreamsofbeingascientistallthetime.3.aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)①上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车goaboard②在飞机/船上beaboardtheplane/ship③欢迎乘坐!Weleaboard!④请大家上船/火车/公共汽车!Allaboard!⑤出国goabroad⑥国内外athomeandabroad4.assignvt.分派;布置;分配→assignmentn.(分派的)工作,任务①给某人分派某任务assignsth.tosb./assignsb.sth..②指派某人做某工作/担任某职务:assignsb.to/assth.③她已被派去担任新职务了。Shehasbeenassignedtoanewjob.④Neverwillthejournalistforgethisfirstassignment(assign)attheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.5.envyn.&vt羡慕;妒忌①某人羡慕/妒忌的对象theenvyofsb②出于嫉妒outofenvy③羡慕地,妒忌地withenvy④羡慕某人某事envysb./sth.⑤因某事而羡慕某人envysb.forsth.6.sinkvi.(sankorsunk,sunk)沉没;卜沉;下降光t使下沉;①沉到……的底部sinktothebottomof②落到……后面sinkbehind③落日thesinkingsun④（一屁股)坐在椅子上sinkintoachair⑤沉落sinkdown⑥陷人贫困中sinkintopoverty7.abandonvt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃→abandoned遗弃的,被抛弃的①放弃做某事abandondoingsth.②沉湎于（某种情感)abandononeselfto③Thegamehadtobeabandoned(abandon)duetobadweather.④Heownedafarm,whichlookedalmostabandoned(abandon).⑤Somemiddleschoolstudentsabandonthemselvestoputers(沉溺于电脑）,whichmakestheirparentsworried.8.voyagen.&vi.航海;航行①环球航行anaroundtheworldvoyage②出航途中/归航途中onthevoyageout/home③航天avoyageinspace④去航海（强调动作)goon/make/takeavoyage⑤在航海(强调状态）beonavoyage⑥航海到……make/takeavoyageto...9.selfishadj.自私的→selfishlyadv.自私地→selflessadi.无私的→selflesslyadv。无私地;忘我地①自私的行为selfishbehavior②某人做某事是自私的。Itisselfishofsb.todosth.③Shewasawonderfulpanionandhergenerositytomewasentirelyselfless(self).10.perseverevi.坚持不懈→perseverancen.耐力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神①坚持（做)某事perseverein(doing)sth.②孜孜不倦地做某事perseverewithsth.③她以极大的决心和毅力全身心地帮助盲童。3Withgreatdeterminationandperseverance,shedevotedherselftohelpingblindchildren.11.resolvevi.&vt决定;决心;解决(问题或困难)n.决心;坚定的信念→resolutionn.决议;解决;坚定①解决争端resolveadispute②解决冲突resolveaconflict③解决问题resolveaproblem④他决定不告诉她真相。Heresolvednottotellherthetruth.12.furnituren.家具一furnishvt为……配备家具;提供furnishedadj.配备家具的①一件家具apieceof/anitemoffurniture②配备着……befurnishedwith.….③配备齐全的房afullyfurnishedroom④向某人/某物提供……furnishsb./sth.with...13.unfortunate.Adj.不幸的，遗憾的unfortunatelyadv.不幸地;遗憾地fortunatelyadv，幸运地fortunateadj.幸运的①对某人来说不幸的是（作状语)unfortunatelyforsb.②做某事很不幸beunfortunatetodosth.③很遗憾……Itisunfortunatethat....④幸运地做某事befortunatetodosth⑤在做某事方面很幸运be/feelfortunateindoingsth⑥(对某人来说）……是幸运的。Itisfortunate(for)sb.)that..⑦海风极其有益,所以应当推存那些住在海边的幸运儿沿着侮滨散步。Theseabreezesarehighlybeneficial,soawalkalongtheseashoreisremendabletothosewhoaresofortunateastolivebythesea.14.guidevt.指导,影响n.旅游指南;导游→guidancen.指导;引导;导航①在……的指导下underone'sguidance/undertheguidanceofcoaches②寻求指导lookforguidance③在包括她丈夫在内的几位著名教练的指导下,她进步迅速。3Undertheguidanceofsomefamouscoaches,includingherhusband,shehasbeenmakingachievementsrapidly.15.loyaladj.忠诚的;忠实的①忠实的朋友/支持者aloyalfriend/supporter②对某人忠诚:beloyaltosb.③她总是信守自己的政治原则。Shehasalwaysremainedloyaltoherpoliticalprinciples16mitv.犯(罪或错等);承诺,保证→mitmentn.承诺;保证;奉献①对……作出承诺makeamitmenttosb.②犯错:mitanerror③如果你想投身新闻行业,你一定会成为一名成功的记者Ifyouaretobemittedtothejournalismfield,youareboundtobeeasuccessfuljournalist.《二》重点短语1.turndownsb.拒绝某人①Wehavealreadyturneddownfourapplicants(已经拒绝了四位申请者).2无论什么时候有困难,你都可以向我们求助。Wheneveryouareintrouble,youcanturntous3不用担心,我相信你丢失的眼镜早晚会出现的。Don'tworry.I'msureyourmissingglasseswillturnupsoonerorlater.2.makefire生火①放火烧…·setfireto②着火（表示动作)catchfire③着火（表示状态)beonfire④纵火/点火烧某物setsth.onfire⑤他扫视了一下对面的房子,发现它着火了。Heglancedthroughtheoppositehouseandfounditwasonfire3.giveoff放出(热、光、气味或气体)①泄露;暴露;捐赠giveaway②归还,送回giveback③(向……)投降,屈服,让步givein(to)④放弃(做)giveup⑤发出（光、热、信号等）;分发;耗尽,用光(doing)giveout⑥许多花朵都会散Manyflowersgiveoffanicesmell.《二》重点句式1.完全倒装教材原句①以下是布莱克博罗日记中的一部分。BelowaresomeofBlackborow'sdiaryentries.②“坚持住,珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆。”有人答道。“Holdonnow,Perce.Don'tyougoturningintoanotherTom,”camethereply句式仿写③在这些书中我最喜爱的是故事书。Amongthebooksismyfavouritestorybook.④传来了他当选州长的消息。④Thencamethenewsthathewaselectedasgovernor.2.aslongas引导条件状语从句教材原句①只要坚持不懈,你最终会走向成功。Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccessaslongasyoupersevere.句式仿写②只要你坚持练习,你会发现剪纸没有那么难。Youwon'tfindpapercuttingdifficultaslongasyoukeeppracticingit.3.Whatif...?如果……会怎么样呢?教材原句①如果他们被耽搁了,那怎么办?Whatiftheyweredelayed?句式仿写②要是老师发现你没完成家庭作业会怎么样呢?Whatiftheteacherfindsoutthatyouhaven'tfinishedyourhomework?4.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气教材原句①要不是有海洋生物,我们都得挨饿。Ifitweren'tforseaanimals,wewouldallstarve.句式仿写②如果牛顿生活在现在,他会吃惊于科技领域的发现。IfNewtonlivedtoday,hewouldbesurprisedbywhathasbeendiscoveredinscienceandtechnology.5.such...that引导结果状语从