阅读理解语篇类型说明文课件高考英语二轮复习

阅读理解：说明文expositionByShirleyHuThedifficultyofreadingexpositioncomplexsentenceslogicalthinkingadvancedwordsUnfamiliartopicslongtext

AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Allaroundtheworld,therearesmallchangestakingplace.Atthesideofroads,behindschoolplaygroundsandonallkindsofunlovedpiecesoflandacrosstownsandcities,tinyforestsbarelythesizeoftenniscourtsareappearing,makingagreatplaceforbothwildlifeandlocalpeoplewhomaynotnormallyhaveeasyaccesstonature.ThisistheTinyForestmovement,whichaimstoprovethatthebestthingsinlifereallydocomeinsmallpackages.说明文文本框架分析0102社会现象

新品介绍新做法新理论研究报告0304研究报告Part1研究报告研究结果研究方法结论阐述专家评议主旨大意最佳标题细节理解/推断细节理解/推断情感态度细节理解/推断说明方法Allaroundtheworld,therearesmallchangestakingplace.Atthesideofroads,behindschoolplaygroundsandonallkindsofunlovedpiecesoflandacrosstownsandcities,tinyforestsbarelythesizeoftenniscourtsareappearing,makingagreatplaceforbothwildlifeandlocalpeoplewhomaynotnormallyhaveeasyaccesstonature.ThisistheTinyForestmovement,whichaimstoprovethatthebestthingsinlifereallydocomeinsmallpackages.Tinyforestswerefirstpioneeredasaconceptinthe1970sbyDrMiyawaki,aJapanesebotanist.Ashewentontosharehisconceptwithothers,theideasoontookoffinIndiaandothercountriesbeforeeventuallyreachingEurope,whereitbecamepopularinplaceslikeFrance,BelgiumandtheNetherlands.Sohowdoesitwork?LouiseHartley,whoisleadingtheTinyForestprojectintheUK,explainsthattheprocessbeginsbyidentifyingareasinwhichatinyforestcouldhavethebiggestinfluence.“Wefocusonurbanareaswhereaccesstonatureisoftennotthateasy”,saysHartley.“Weseeitasachancetotrytobreakthegrowingdisconnectbetweenpeopleandnature.”InaTinyForest,theremustbeaminimumof600trees,andthetreesareplantedmuchclosertogetherandwithoutchemicalsorfertilisers(肥料).Thereareusuallyaround30differentkindsofall-nativetreespecies(物种).Thisvariety,coupledwiththefactthattinyforestsgrowuptotentimesfasterthanstandardforests,meanstheyattractarichabundanceofwildlife.It’salsothoughtthattheseplacescouldhelpreducetheriskofflooding,removecarbonfromtheatmosphereandfightclimatechange,aswellasimprovingthementalhealthofthoselivinglocally.24.

WhatdoweknowabouttheTinyForestmovement?A.

Ithasachievednotablesuccess.

B.

Itisledbynumberofschools.C.

ItbeganinEuropeinthe1970s.

D.

Itwillspreadtothecountryside.25.

WhatisthepurposeoftheprojectledbyHartleyintheUK?A.

Topromoteeco-tourism.

B.

Toimproveforestryresearch.C.

Topopularisegardening.

D.

Togetpeopleclosetonature.26.

WhatisspecialaboutthetreesinaTinyForest?A.

Theyaresmallinsize.

B.

Theyarethicklyplanted.C.

Theyareforeignspecies.

D.

Theyareheavilyfertilised.【2022▪浙江6月卷】社会现象Part2社会现象提出现象产生原因造成影响人们看法预言、警告、措施(2021.1)Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?（细节理解）TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake£520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate£240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.12.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.

B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.

D.Toencourageresearchineducation.13.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.

B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.

D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.14.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.

B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.

D.ClassicCoke.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.

B.Itisasuccessstory.C.

Itbenefitsmanufacturers.

D.

Itupsetscustomers.【2022▪全国乙卷】新品介绍Part3新产品介绍提出现象产品的功能设计的原理产品的优缺点市场发展前景AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.SalahSukkarieh,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,seesrobotsasnecessarygivenhowcattlemenareaging.Heisbuildingafour-wheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.Itwillusecamerasandsensorstomonitortheanimals.Acomputersystemwillanalyzethevideotodeterminewhetheracowissick.Radiotags

(标签)

ontheanimalswillmeasuretemperaturechanges.Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringtheshape,colorandtexture

(质地)

ofgrass.Thatway,

cattlemenwillknowwhethertheyneedtomovetheircattletoanotherfieldfornutritionpurposes.Machineshavelargelytakenoverplanting,wateringandharvestingcropssuchascomandwheat,butthemonitoringofcattlehasgonethroughfewerchanges.ForTexascattlemanPeteBonds,it'sincreasinglydifficulttofindworkersinterestedinwatchingcattle.ButBondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustry-andfailedattemptstousetechnology-haveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.Bonds,whoboughthisfirstcattlealmost50yearsago,stillhaseachofhiscowboysinspect300or400cattledailyandlookforsignsthatananimalisgettingsick.Othercattlemenseemorepromiseinrobots.MichaelKelseyParis,vicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemen'sAssociation,saidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.Cattletendtobekeptinremoteplacesandtheirvaluehasrisen,makingthemappealingtargets.32.

Whatisaproblemwiththecattle-raisingindustry?A.

Soilpollution.

B.

Lackofworkers.C.

Agingmachines.

D.

Lowprofitability.33.

WhatwillSukkarieh'srobotbeabletodo?A.

Monitorthequalityofgrass.

B.

Curethediseasedcattle.C.

Movecattletoanotherfield.

D.

Predictweatherchanges.34.

WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?A.

Hewantstohelpthemearnaliving.B.

Hethinksmencandothejobbetter.C.

Heisinexperiencedinusingrobots.D.

Heenjoysthetraditionalwayoflife.35.

HowmayrobotshelpwithcattlewatchingaccordingtoMichaelKelsey?A.

Increasethevalueofcattle.

B.

Bringdownthecostoflabor.C.

Makethejobmoreappealing.

D.

Keepcattlefrombeingstolen.【2021▪新高考II卷】新做法新理论Part4提出新做法新理论新做法新理论运行原理产生原因优缺点评议、前景(2020.1)Milwaukee'snewwaytode-icestreetsmaybeanexampleof_______________.（主旨大义）不同类型的说明文———大框架模式导入topicwhat演绎分析howwhy结论opinions/comments/futureIn1970s,apsychologistnamedJ.P.Guilfordconductedafamousstudyofcreativityknownasthenine-dotpuzzle(九点谜题).Hechallengedresearchsubjectstoconnectallninedotsusingjustfourstraightlineswithoutliftingtheirpencilsfromthepage.Alltheparticipantslimitedthepossiblesolutionstothosewithintheimaginarysquare.Only20percentmanagedtobreakoutoftheconfinement(束缚)andcontinuetheirlinesinthewhitespacesurroundingthedots.Thefactthat80percentoftheparticipantswereeffectivelyblindedbytheboundariesofthesquareledGuilfordtojumptothesweepingconclusionthatcreativityrequiresyoutogooutsidethebox.Theideawentviral.Overnight,itseemedthatcreativityexpertseverywherewereteachingmanagershowtothinkoutsidethebox.Theconceptenjoyedsuchstrongpopularitythatnoonebotheredtocheckthefacts.Noone,thatis,beforetwodifferentresearchteams-ClarkeBurnhamwithKennethDavis,andJosephAlbawithRobertWeisberg--rananotherexperiment.Bothteamsfollowedthesamewayofdividingparticipantsintotwogroups.ThefirstgroupwasgiventhesameinstructionsastheparticipantsinGuilford'sexperiment.Thesecondgroupwastoldthatthesolutionrequiredthelinestobedrawnoutsidetheimaginarybox.Guesswhat?Only25percentsolvedthepuzzle.Instatisticalterms,this5percentimprovementisinsignificantasthiscouldbecalledsamplingerror.Let'slookalittlemorecloselyatthesurprisingresult.Solvingthisproblemrequirespeopletoliterallythinkoutsidethebox.Yetparticipants'performancewasnotimprovedevenwhentheyweregivenspecificinstructionstodoso.Thatis,directandclearinstructionstothinkoutsidetheboxdidnoth