英语强化二完形

2018考研英语二完形强化

主讲人：陈文笠

大纲样题

Duringthe1980s,unemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot2.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednations3solutions.

4,problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocesses,andhighly6workersareneededto7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained,8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thus,the9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher.Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11.justtobegintraining,thestudentsmust12learnEnglish,French,German,orJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroad,and13donotreturnhome.

Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcare-fully16thecosts,becausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19care,theywilltakehomenotthe

problemsofscienceandtechnology,20thebenefits.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

[A]generate

[A]answered

[A]for

[A]Moreover

[A]expensive

[A]gifted

[A]keep

[A]since

[B]raise

[B]met

[B]without

[B]Therefore

[B]mechanical

[B]skilled

[B]maintain

[B]so

[C]product

[C]calculated

[C]as

[C]Anyway

[C]flourishing

[C]trained

[C]retain

[C]and

[D]manufacture

[D]remembered

[D]about

[D]However

[D]complicated

[D]versatile

[D]protect

[D]yet

364<<

[A]charge

[A]accept

[A]Frequently

[A]soon

[A]some

[A]might

[A]adopting

[A]to

[A]opaque

[A]tackle

[A]In

[A]except

[B]price

[B]gain

[B]Incidentally

[B]quickly

[B]others

[B]should

[B]conducting

[B]at

[B]secret

[B]learn

[B]Through

[B]nor

[C]cost

[C]receive

[C]Deliberately

[C]immediately

[C]several

[C]would

[C]receiving

[C]on

[C]sealed

[C]study

[C]With

[C]or

[D]value

[D]absorb

[D]Eventually

[D]first

[D]few

[D]will

[D]adjusting

[D]about

[D]hidden

[D]manipulate

[D]Under

[D]but

1994

Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis 41 theutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesource

of 42 breakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseofwords43

a

meetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay44

unfavorablereactionsinthelistener45interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.

46inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake47difficultforthelistenertounderstandthe48whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe49toexplainordescribeina50thatcanbe

understoodbyhislisteners.

41.[A]of

[B]at

[C]for

[C]likely

[C]destroys

[C]backup

[C]which

[C]Preliminarily

[D]on

[D]invalid

[D]offers

[D]stirup

[D]what

[D]Unexpectedly

42.[A]inaccessible[B]timely

[A]encourages

[A]passout

[A]who

[A]Moreover

[B]prevents

[B]takeaway

[B]as

[B]However

>>365

[A]that

[A]speech

[A]obscure

[A]case

[B]it

[B]sense

[B]difficult

[B]means

[C]so

[C]message

[C]impossible

[C]method

[D]this

[D]meaning

[D]unable

[D]way

1995

Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep.41kindofsleepisatallwellunderstood,butREMsleepis42toservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmore43.Thenewexperiments,suchasthese44forthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanations45of

non-REMsleep.

Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleep46is100percentfataltorats,yet,47examinationofthedeadbodies,theanimalslookcompletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnow48themysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Therats49bacterialinfectionsoftheblood,50

theirimmunesystems—theself-protectingmechanismagainstdiseases-hadcrashed.

[A]Either

[A]intended

[A]subtle

[A]maintained

[A]inthelight

[A]reduction

[A]upon

[B]Neither

[B]required

[B]obvious

[B]described

[B]byvirtue

[B]destruction

[B]by

[C]Each

[C]assumed

[C]mysterious

[C]settled

[C]withtheexception

[C]deprivation

[C]through

[C]laidemphasison

[C]stimulated

[C]onlyif

[D]Any

[D]inferred

[D]doubtful

[D]afforded

[D]forthepurpose

[D]restriction

[D]with

[D]castlighton

[D]induced

[D]ifonly

48.[A]paidattentionto[B]caughtsightof

[A]developed

[A]if

[B]produced

[B]asif

1996

Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.

366<<

Theydonotprovideenergy,41 dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor42 foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,

andif43 ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes44 .

Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements—usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and45 nitrogen.Theyaredifferent 46 theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,

andeachvitamin47 oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.

48 enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor

49 vitamins.Manypeople,50 ,believeinbeingonthe“safeside”andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds.

[A]either

[A]shifting

[A]any

[A]serious

[A]mostly

[A]inthat

[A]undertakes

[A]Supplying

[A]exceptional

[B]so

[B]transferring

[B]some

[B]apparent

[B]partially

[B]sothat

[B]holds

[B]Getting

[B]exceeding

[C]nor

[C]altering

[C]anything

[C]severe

[C]sometimes

[C]suchthat

[C]plays

[C]Providing

[C]excess

[C]moreover

[D]never

[D]transforming

[D]something

[D]fatal

[D]rarely

[D]exceptthat

[D]performs

[D]Furnishing

[D]external

[D]meanwhile

50.[A]nevertheless[B]therefore

1997

ManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworld’slargesttemporaryemploymentagency.Everymorning,itspeople41intotheofficesandfactoriesofAmerica,seekingaday’sworkforaday’spay.Onedayatatime.42industrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvive43reducingthenumberofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,

Wisconsin,isbooming.

44 itseconomycontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasinglybecominganationofpart-

>>367

timersandtemporaryworkers.This“45”workforceisthemostimportant46inAmericanbusinesstoday,anditis47changingtherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirjobs.

Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitive48avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdens49byemploymentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.Forworkersitcanmeananendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseof50thatcamefrom

beingaloyalemployee.

[A]swarm

[A]For

[A]from

[B]stride

[B]Because

[B]in

[C]separate

[C]As

[C]on

[C]Ifonly

[C]available

[C]fashion

[C]fundamentally

[C]and

[C]illustrated

[C]enthusiasm

[D]slip

[D]Since

[D]by

[D]Providedthat

[D]transferable

[D]trend

[D]sufficiently

[D]whereas

[D]confined

[D]importance

44.[A]Eventhough[B]Nowthat

[A]durable

[A]approach

[A]instantly

[A]but

[A]imposed

[A]excitement

[B]disposable

[B]flow

[B]reversely

[B]while

[B]restricted

[B]conviction

1998

UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They41thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe42man.Buttheyinsistedthatits43resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe44oftheEnglishpopulation.45contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla46agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreat

abundanceandprosperity.

Thisview,47,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialists48historyandeconomics,have49twothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to1750was50bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedthe

conditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.

41.[A]admitted

[B]believed

[C]claimed

[D]predicted

368<<

[A]plain

[A]momentary

[A]bulk

[A]On

[A]broadly

[A]however

[A]at

[A]manifested

[A]noted

[B]average

[B]prompt

[B]host

[B]With

[B]thoroughly[B]meanwhile

[B]in

[B]approved

[B]impressed

[C]mean

[C]instant

[C]gross

[C]For

[C]generally

[C]therefore

[C]about

[C]shown

[C]labeled

[D]normal

[D]immediate

[D]magnitude

[D]By

[D]completely

[D]moreover

[D]for

[D]speculated

[D]marked

1999

Industrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companies41lowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthem42andactive.Whentheworkiswelldone,a43ofaccident-freeoperationsisestablished44timelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.

Successfulsafetyprogramsmay45greatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstresssafeworkpracticesby46rulesorregulations.47othersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker.But,therearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedineveryprogramifmaximumresultsaretobeobtained.

Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstandpoint

alone,safety48.Thefewertheinjury49,thebettertheworkman’sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingat50orataloss.

[A]at

[A]alive

[A]regulation

[A]where

[A]alter

[A]constituting

[A]Some

[A]comesoff

[B]in[B]vivid[B]climate[B]how[B]differ

[B]aggravating

[B]Many[B]turnsup

[C]on[C]mobile

[C]circumstance[C]what

[C]shift[C]observing[C]Even

[C]paysoff

[D]with[D]diverse[D]requirement[D]unless[D]distinguish[D]justifying[D]Still

[D]holdsup

>>369

49.[A]claims

[B]reports

[C]declarations

[C]aninterest

[D]proclamations

[D]aprofit

50.[A]anadvantage[B]abenefit

2000

Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegap

betweenhisconsumption

andhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain41consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily42heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance43theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto44oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto45thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation46andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe47.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor48extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow49ofinterest,butloansof

thiskindarenot50obtainable.

[A]otherthan

[A]onlyif

[A]for

[A]replace

[A]enhance

[A]vessels

[B]aswellas[B]muchas[B]against[B]purchase[B]mix

[B]routes

[C]insteadof[C]longbefore[C]of[C]supplement[C]feed[C]paths[C]self-satisfied[C]offer

[C]rate

[C]presumably

[D]morethan[D]eversince[D]towards[D]dispose[D]raise[D]channels[D]self-restrained[D]seek

[D]ratio

[D]frequently

47.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient

[A]search

[A]proportion

[A]genuinely

[B]save[B]percentage

[B]obviously

2001

Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31 thetrialofRosemaryWest.

Inasignificant32 oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,will

introducea33 billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34 andwillstrictly

370<<

controltheamountof35 thatcanbegiventoacase36 atrialbegins.

InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe37 withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatself-regulationdid

not38 sufficientcontrol.

39 ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40 ofmediaprotestwhen

hesaidthe 41 ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42 toParliament.

TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which43 theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44 inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas45 to

privacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.

“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46 ourBritishjudges,”hesaid.

Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto

50guiltyverdicts.

[A]asto

[A]tightening

[A]sketch

[A]illogical

[A]publicity

[A]since

[A]sided

[A]present

[A]Release

[A]storm

[A]translation

[B]forinstance

[B]intensifying

[B]rough

[B]illegal

[B]penalty

[B]if

[B]shared

[B]offer

[B]Publication

[B]rage

[B]interpretation

[C]inparticular

[C]focusing

[C]preliminary

[C]improbable

[C]popularity

[C]before

[C]complied

[C]manifest

[C]Printing

[C]flare

[C]exhibition

[D]suchas

[D]fastening

[D]draft

[D]improper

[D]peculiarity

[D]as

[D]agreed

[D]indicate

[D]Exposure[D]flash

[D]demonstration

>>371

42.[A]betterthan [B]otherthan

[C]ratherthan

[D]soonerthan

2002

Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened21.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot22the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic23,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe24oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution25up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading26throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures27the20thcenturyworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin

28.Itisimportanttodoso.

Itisgenerallyrecognized,29,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,30bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,31itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately32.Astimewentby,computers

becamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellas33,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage34increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,35

generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch36.

Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety”begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe37 withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas38

bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen

39 viewsaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits”havebeenweighed40 “harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.

[A]between

[A]after

[A]means

[A]process

[A]gathered

[A]on

[A]of

[B]before

[B]by

[B]method

[B]company

[B]speeded

[B]out

[B]for

[C]since

[C]during

[C]medium

[C]light

[C]worked

[C]over

[C]beyond

[D]later

[D]until

[D]measure

[D]form

[D]picked

[D]off

[D]into

372<<

[A]concept

[A]indeed

[A]brought

[A]unless

[A]apparent

[B]dimension

[B]hence

[B]followed

[B]since

[B]desirable

[C]effect

[C]however

[C]stimulated

[C]lest

[C]negative

[C]fundamental

[C]capacity

[C]withregardto

[C]nearer

[C]scope

[C]influenced

[C]distracting

[C]against

[D]perspective

[D]therefore

[D]characterized

[D]although

[D]plausible

[D]instrumental[D]faculty

[D]inlinewith

[D]smaller

[D]territory

[D]effected

[D]irrational

[D]with

33.[A]institutional[B]universal

34.[A]ability

[B]capability

35.[A]bymeansof[B]intermsof

[A]deeper

[A]context

[A]regarded

[A]competitive

[A]above

[B]fewer

[B]range

[B]impressed

[B]controversial

[B]upon

2003

Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious21tohowtheycanbebest22suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand23,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.24theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe25thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare26byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe27toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,28,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,29studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide30opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful31dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe32ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult33visibleinthebackground.

Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave34attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized35participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto36elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants

37.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.38theycanhelpstudents

>>373

acquireasenseofcommitmentby39forrolesthatarewithintheir40andtheirattentionspans

andbyhavingclearlystatedrules.

[A]thought

[A]strengthen

[A]care

[A]If

[A]assistance

[A]claimed

[A]improper

[A]ineffect

[A]displaying

[A]durable

[A]group

[A]consent

[A]particularly

[A]similar

[A]ifonly

[A]everything

[A]off

[B]idea

[B]accommodate

[B]nutrition

[B]Although

[B]guidance

[B]admired

[B]risky

[B]asaresult

[B]describing

[B]excessive

[B]individual

[B]insurance

[B]barely

[B]long

[B]nowthat

[B]anything

[B]down

[C]opinion

[C]stimulate

[C]exercise

[C]Whereas

[C]confidence

[C]ignored

[C]fair

[C]forexample

[C]creating

[C]surplus

[C]personnel

[C]admission

[C]definitely

[C]different

[C]sothat

[C]nothing

[C]out

[D]advice

[D]enhance

[D]leisure

[D]Because

[D]tolerance

[D]surpassed

[D]wise

[D]inasense

[D]exchanging

[D]multiple

[D]corporation

[D]security

[D]rarely

[D]short

[D]evenif

[D]something

[D]alone

[A]Onthecontrary[B]Ontheaverage

[A]making [B]standing

[A]capabilities[B]responsibilities

[C]Onthewhole[D]Ontheotherhand

[C]planning [D]taking

[C]proficiency[D]efficiency

2004

Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories21ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior22theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough23withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin24totheir

failuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,25asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.

374<<

Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,26thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes27lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare28tocriticism.

Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly29juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat30tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment31makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin32leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.

Familieshavealso33changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;34,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome35wascommoninthetraditionalfamily36.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other37causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased38ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing39ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,

40adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.

[A]acting

[A]before

[A]interactions

[A]return

[A]or

[A]considering

[A]on

[A]immune

[A]affect

[A]point

[A]ingeneral

[A]case

[A]survived

[A]contrarily

[A]than

[A]system

[B]relying

[B]unless

[B]assimilation

[B]reply

[B]butrather

[B]ignoring

[B]in

[B]resistant

[B]reduce

[B]lead

[B]onaverage

[B]short

[B]noticed

[B]consequently

[B]that

[B]structure

[C]centering

[C]until

[C]cooperation

[C]reference

[C]but

[C]highlighting

[C]for

[C]sensitive

[C]chock

[C]come

[C]bycontrast

[C]turn

[C]undertaken

[C]similarly

[C]which

[C]concept

[D]commenting

[D]because

[D]consultation

[D]response

[D]orelse

[D]discarding

[D]with

[D]subject

[D]reflect

[D]amount

[D]atlength

[D]essence

[D]experienced

[D]simultaneously

[D]as

[D]heritage

>>375

[A]assessable

[A]expense

[A]incidence

[A]provided

[B]identifiable

[B]restriction

[B]awareness

[B]since

[C]negligible

[C]allocation

[C]exposure

[C]although

[D]incredible

[D]availability

[D]popularity

[D]supposing

2005

Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,5,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.

Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.

Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17

oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergencysignals20the

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376<<

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2006

ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation.1,homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan’tpossibly2.Tohelphomelesspeople3independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4theminimum

wage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.

5everyoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8.Oneofthefederalgovernment’sstudies9thatthe

numberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.

Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15skillsneedtoturntheirlives16.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotkowsk,directorofcommunityserviceatBentley

CollegeinMassachusetts,19it,“Therehastobe20ofprograms.What’sneededisapackagedeal.”

>>377

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