2024上海高考英语阅读理解C篇考点分析及难点突破（含名校真题）

上海高考英语阅读理解C篇考点分析及难点突破

模块导航

•模块一细节题

•模块二主旨题

・模块三推断题

・模块四词义猜测题

・模块五2020-2022年春季高考真题特训

•模块六2024届上海名校模考题特训

考题类型总结

根据命题要求阅读理解考题可分为4类:

1.细节题;

2.主旨题;

3.推断题;

4.词义猜测题;

模块一细节题

知识点一（细节题）

1.细节题解题技巧

细节题的解题要点是一定要对应到语篇中相应的语句，找到问题的出处。“找到即做到”是细节题的解

题秘钥。

细节题干扰项的设置一般有：1.范围过大、过小。2.偷换概念。3.正误并存，某个分句是正确的。

细节题解题方法：原文定位法。

1.查读法：带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在与who,what,when,where问题有关的细节上。

2.仔细关注到原文每一个细节，尤其注意不要遗漏题干和文章中任何带有限定和修饰性的词，短语

1

或是句子

在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：

1)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?

3)Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat__.

4)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)__?

【例题精讲】

例1.(2018秋考)

Youcanalsographtheotherextreme—allcrimenovelsandnomovies.Sincecrimenovelsintheexamplecost

$15andyouhave$150available,ifyouspendalltheavailablemoneycrimenovels,youcanbuy10.Soyouputa

dotonthehorizontalaxisatthenumber10.

65.Assumethateachmoviecost$10andeachcrimenovelcosts$15,youhave$150.WhichisRIGHTaccording

tothispassage?

A.Themaximumnumberofmoviesyoucanseeis10.

B.Themaximumnumberofcrimenovelsyoucanbyis15.

C.Youcanbuy7crimenovelsandsee5movies.

D.Youcanbuy7crimenovelsandsee4movies.

【答案】B

【解析】考查文章的理解以及逻辑思维能力。由文中对BudgetLine的公式解释以及举的例子可知：150

美金能只看15部电影，只买10本小说，或者买7本小说，看4场电影。所有的消费活动需要控制

在150美金之内。

【课堂练习】

2023年上海市青浦区高三二模

Butuncertaintyputherinachallengingsituation.Nicolesufferedfromaninjury.Thesuddenmedical

retirementcalledoffherjourneyasapoliceofficer,butherdreamsandpassiondidnotletherstop.So,shebecame

adeathdoula,allowinghertobethereforpeoplewheneverneededandprovidecomforttothedyingandtheir

familiesduringdifficulttimes.Shechosethisfieldafterhergrandfather^death.Shecouldn'tbearthepainoflosing

him;therefore,shedecidedtobecomeadeathdoulaandcontributeherservicestohelpthosesufferingfromthepain

oflosingtheirlovedones.

2

NicoleThomeshaswrittenherbook,DaddysHome,coveringtrueeventsoflosingsomeoneandinspiring

readerstocopewiththefeelingsofemptinessandrecoverfrommentalillnessafterlosingsomeoneclose.Daddys

Homeinspiresreadersandtellsthemtheimportanceofanewbeginning,helpingpeoplelightentheburdenfrom

theirchestafterthegriefoflosingsomeone.

36.WhatcanbelearnedaboutNicoleThornes?

A.NicoleThornesdreamedofbecomingapoliceofficersinceshewasborn.

B.NicoleThornespursuedaCriminalJusticedegree,butshegaveuphalfway.

C.NicoleThornestookupawritingcareerimmediatelyaftergettingphysicallyhurt.

D.NicoleThomeswroteabook,impressingonreadersthesignificanceofanewstart.

37.WhafsthedirectcauseofNicoleThomes5decisiontobecomeadeathdoula?

A.Theunbearablepainbroughtbyhergrandfather^death.

B.Herbreakfromacademicstudiestotakecareofherkids.

C.Hersuddenmedicalretirementduetoherincurableinjury.

D.Herdeterminationtofinishwritingherbook,DaddysHome.

【答案】36.D37.A

【36题详解】

细节理解题。根据第五段“DaddysHomeinspiresreadersandtellsthemtheimportanceofanewbeginning,

helpingpeoplelightentheburdenfromtheirchestafterthegriefoflosingsomeone."（《爸爸的家》启发了读者，

告诉了他们一个新开始的重要性，帮助人们减轻失去亲人的悲痛后胸中的负担。）可知，妮可写了一本书，

给读者留下了新开始重要性的印象。故选D项。

【37题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段"Shechosethisfieldafterhergrandfather'sdeath.Shecouldn'tbearthepainoflosing

him;therefore,shedecidedtobecomeadeathdoulaandcontributeherservicestohelpthosesufferingfromthepain

oflosingtheirlovedones.v（她在祖父去世后选择了这个领域。她无法忍受失去他的痛苦；因此，她决定

成为一名死亡陪护，并贡献自己的服务来帮助那些因失去亲人而遭受痛苦的人。）妮可决定成为一名死亡

陪护的主要原因是她祖父的死给她带来了难以忍受的痛苦。故选A项。

模块二主旨题

知识点二（主旨题）

【知识梳理】

3

2、主旨题

解题技巧：

(1)做这类题时常用略读法。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来。

(2)着眼于全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的

表达形式，选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大也不能太小。命题者在出这类题时，常常利用生

活常识编造干扰项，把文中的细节当主旨，利用局部信息编造干扰项，编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵

盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度，考生要特别留意。

干扰项特点：

(1)以偏概全：干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

(2)断章取义：干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或

细节冒充全文的主要观点。

(3)主题扩大：干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。

(4)张冠李戴：命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，

会造成错选答案。

(5)无中生有或似是而非：有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这

类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

主旨题常见的命题形式：

①Themainideaofthistextmaybe........

②Thispassageismainlyabout........

(3)Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext........

©Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

⑤Whafsthetopicofthetext?

@Thepassagegivesusis......

【例题精讲】

例1.(2018秋考)

UnderstandtheEconomicConceptofaBudgetLine

Theterm"budgetline^^hasseveralrelatedmeanings,includingacouplethatareself-evidentandathirdthatis

not.

TheBudgetLineasanInformalConsumerUnderstanding

Thebudgetlineisanelementaryconceptthatmostconsumersunderstandintuitivelywithoutaneedforgraphs

4

andequations-it'sthehouseholdbudget,forexample.

64.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Totellusanyconceptcanbeexpressedasamathematicalequation.

B.TohelpusfigureoutthemeaningBudgetLine.

C.Totellusweshouldbudgetbeforewebuygoods.

D.TogiveaninstructionofdrawingabudgetLine.

【答案】B

【解析】考查全文概括的能力。由第一个标题:UnderstandtheEconomicConceptofaBudgetLine，以及叮he

term”budgetline"hasseveralrelatedmeanings'可以整篇文章就是围绕BudgetLine是什么展开的。故选B。

【课堂练习】

2023年上海市浦东新区高三二模

Painforcedmetoslowdown,becausecapturingasingleiPhonephotowaspainful.And,yet,thestruggleto

findanythingtofeelgratefulabout,andthentorecordit,startedtodramaticallyimprovebothmymoodandmy

images.Ibegantophotographthemostboringdetailsofmydays,frommybreakfastcuptoaredpepperreflectedin

thewindow.Despiteeverything,IfoundIcouldfindmagicintheordinary.t6Lifeseemsrepetitiveandboringwhen

youdon'tnoticetheuniquenessofeachmomentandtheconstantsubtlechangesthataregoingonallaroundyou,“

writeAndyKarrinawonderfulbookonphotography.Iagree,butdon?tjusttakemywordforit-experienceitfor

yourself.

39.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ExpressGratitudetoWinter

B.BecomeaMasterofPhotography

C.WitnessRebirthoutofInjury

D.PicturethisbeautyintheOrdinary

[39题详解】

主旨大意题。根据尾段中“"Lifbseemsrepetitiveandboringwhenyoudon'tnoticetheuniquenessofeach

momentandtheconstantsubtlechangesthataregoingonallaroundyou,^^writeAndyKarrinawonderfulbookon

photography.Iagree,butdon'tjusttakemywordforit-experienceitforyourself.（安迪•卡尔在一本关于摄影

的好书中写道：“当你没有注意到每一个时刻的独特性和周围不断发生的微妙变化时，生活就会变得重复

而无聊。”我同意，但不要只相信我的话——自己去体验。）”并结合讲述的作者自己的经历可知，不能发

现生活中每个时刻的独特性和生活中发生的微妙变化时，生活就会变得单调而无聊，所以，应该在生活中

5

多注意这些平凡的琐事以及周围发生的微妙变就会发现，平凡生活中的美好,D项“想象一下平凡中的美”

适合做文章标题。故选D项。

模块三1推断题

知识点三(推断题)

【知识梳理】

此类题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇

文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。

有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题目一般都

是深层意义的题目，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。

解答这类题时应特别注意以下特征：

①吃透文章的表层意思，是推理的前提和基础；

②推理的根据来自于上下文；

③不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；

④在提问中常用的词有suggest,mean,infer(ffi®f),fromthefact,indicate(暗示)conclusion,probably,likely,

reason,because,accordingto”等。

I.常见的推理判断题的设问方式：

推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式有：

1)Thepurposeinwritingthistextisto.

2)Theauthorwritesthispassageto.

3)Theauthorinthispassageintendsto.

推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式有：

1)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

2)Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

3)Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat.

推断文章出处的设题形式有：

1)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom.

2)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

3)Thepassageismostlikelyapartof.

是非判断题的设题方式：

6

1)whichofthefollowingis(not)trueorfalse?

2)Allofthefollowingstatementsarewrongexcept.

3)Allofthefollowingstatementsareright/trueexcept.

4)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage/text?

II.推理判断题的推理原则--在文中有依据，但不能是原句，即为言外之意！细节类表述非答案。

【例题精讲】

例1.(2018年6月高考)

UnderstandtheEconomicConceptofaBudgetLine

Theterm“budgetline^^hasseveralrelatedmeanings,includingacouplethatareself-evidentandathirdthatis

not.

TheBudgetLineasanInformalConsumerUnderstanding

Thebudgetlineisanelementaryconceptthatmostconsumersunderstandintuitivelywithoutaneedforgraphs

andequations-it'sthehouseholdbudget,forexample.

LinesinaBudget

Beforeturningtotheeconomicsdefinitionof"budgetline”,consideranotherconcept:theline-itembudget.This

iseffectivelyamapoffutureexpenditures,withalltheconstituentexpendituresindividuallynotedand

quantified.There?snothingverycomplicatedaboutthis;inthisusage,abudgetlineisoneofthelinesinthe

budget,withtheserviceorgoodtobepurchasednamedandthecostquantified.

TheBudgetLineasanEconomicsConcept

Oneoftheinterestingwaysthestudyofeconomicsrelatestohumanbehaviorgenerallyisthatalotof

economictheoryistheformalizationofthekindofsimpleconceptoutlinedabove—aconsumer'sinformal

understandingoftheamountshehastospendandwhatthatamountwillbuy.

ASimpleBudgetLineGraph

Tounderstandthis,thinkofagraphwheretheverticallinesquantifyhowmanymovieticketsyoucanbuyand

wherethehorizontallinesdothesameforcrimenovels.Youlikegoingtothemoviesandreadingcrimenovels

andyouhave$150tospend.Intheexamplebelow,assumethateachmoviecosts$10andeachcrimenovelcosts

$15.Themoreformaleconomicstermforthesetwoitemsisbudgetset.

66.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Arewereallyknowtheeconomicconceptofabudgetline?

B.TheBudgetLineasanEconomicsConcept

7

C.TheBudgetLineasanInformalConsumerUnderstanding

D.TheComplexConcept-BudgetLine

【答案】A

【解析】考查全文概括能力。由第一个标题UnderstandtheEconomicConceptofaBudgetLine以及后续对

BudgetLine的解释可知选项A最合适，其他选项以偏概全。

【课堂练习】

2023年上海市奉贤区高三二模

EducationwasadaptingtothedigitalworldlongbeforeCovid-19but,aswithsomanyotherhumanactivities,

thepandemichasgivenlearningahugepushtowardsthevirtual.Overnight,schoolsanduniversitiesclosedand

teachersandstudentshadtofindwaystodowhattheydoonlyviatheinternet.ccThisisatimeforschoolsand

systemstoreimagineeducationwithoutschoolingorclassrooms,saysProfessorYongZhao.DrJimWatterstonin

Australiathinksthat,whilethetraditionalclassroomisstillaliveandwell,educationneedstobemoreadventurous

andflexible.Earlierthisyear,ZhaoandWatterstonco-authoredapaperinwhichtheyidentifiedsomemajor

changesthatshouldhappenineducationpost-lockdown.

44.Bygivingexamplesof“speedleaming^^inthefirstparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat.

A.digitalworldisdramaticallyreformingthewayoflearning.

B.speedlearningcompletelyreplacesnormalspeedlearning.

C.returningtothelecturetheatreisstrangeafterspeedlearning.

D.educationbeginstoadapttodigitalworldafterCovid-19.

【44题详解】

推理判断题o根据文章第二段“EducationwasadaptingtothedigitalworldlongbeforeCovid-19but,aswithso

manyotherhumanactivities,thepandemichasgivenlearningahugepushtowardsthevirtual.Overnight,schools

anduniversitiesclosedandteachersandstudentshadtofindwaystodowhattheydoonlyviatheinternet.（早在

2019冠状病毒病之前，教育在适应数字世界，但与许多其他人类活动一样，疫情也极大地推动了学习向虚

拟发展。一夜之间，学校和大学都关闭了，老师和学生不得不想办法通过互联网来做他们只能做的事情）”

可知，第一段的例子主要是为了引出主题，也就是数字世界正在改变学习方式。故选A。

Iftheprogressofthetimesisunabletoholdbackthecomingrevolutionineducation,itseemsunlikelythatthe

traditionalclassroomisgoingtohaveanyluckinitsattemptstryingtoturnbacktheclock.AsLaurillardputsit,“It

tookaglobalpandemictodrivehomewhatwe'vebeensayingfor20years.9,

47.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

8

A.Speedlearningharmsstudents9learningefficiency.

B.Thecomingrevolutionineducationisirreversible.

C.Teacherswillplayalessimportantroleinthefuture.

D.Thetraditionalclassroomswilleventuallydisappear.

[47题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Iftheprogressofthetimesisunabletoholdbackthecomingrevolutionin

education,itseemsunlikelythatthetraditionalclassroomisgoingtohaveanyluckinitsattemptstryingtoturnback

theclock.AsLaurillardputsit,"Ittookaglobalpandemictodrivehomewhatwe'vebeensayingfor20years."（如

果时代的进步无法阻挡即将到来的教育改革，那么传统课堂似乎不太可能在试图让时光倒流的尝试中有任

何运气。正如劳里拉德所言，“我们20年来一直在说的话，只有一场全球大流行才能让人明白。可

知，作者认为教育改革是不可逆转的。故选B。

模块四4词义猜测题O

知识点四(词义猜测)

解题技巧：

(1)根据因果关系猜测词义。英语构词法中，常见的三种构词方法为：合成、派生和词性转化。在英语

中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌

握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。

(2)根据因果关系猜测词义。英语的句子和段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据

这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。常见的表示因果关系的连接词：s。,thus,therefore,because,ect.o

(3)根据同义关系猜测词义。当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是

接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。

(4)根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义。

(5)根据反义猜测词义。英语中的反义关系即表示转折、对比关系，上下句的连接词常用but,however,

otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分

号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。

【例题精讲】

例1.2023年上海市崇明区高三二模

Deepsleepiscriticalformemoryconsolidation.However,beginninginmiddleage,deepsleepdecreases

substantially,whichscientistsbelievecontributestomemorylossinaging.Thesoundstimulationsignificantly

enhanceddeepsleepinparticipantsandtheirscoresonamemorytest."Thisisaninnovative,simpleandsafe

non-medicationapproachthatmayhelpimprovebrainhealth,saidPhyllisZee,professoratNorthwestern

9

UniversityintheUS."Thisisapotentialtoolforenhancingmemoryinolderpopulationsandattevuativ/normal

age-relatedmemorydecline,saidZee.

44.Theword“attemiating“inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A.worseningB.reversingC.slowingdownD.bringingabout

【44题详解】

词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Thisisapotentialtoolforenhancingmemoryinolderpopulationsand”以及后

文"normalage-relatedmemorydecline^可知，这是一种潜在的工具，可以增强老年人的记忆，缓解与年龄

有关的正常记忆衰退。故画线词意思是“缓解”。故选C。

【课堂练习】

2023年上海市浦东新区高三二模

Anotablehighlightoftheshowwastherealconfidenceofthesinging.SamHallwasajoytowatch,with

perfectcomictiming,aswasEmmaWilliams,thoroughlybelievableandconvincinginherrole.Thesetwoyoung

talentsstoletheshow,inmyopinion.Theonlydisadvantageisappointmentswerethedancing,whichshoweda

lackoforiginality,andtheopeningscene,whichfellalittleflat.Despitetheoccasionaltechnicalflaws,thiswasa

highlyenjoyableandgreatlyimpressiveproduction,whichthecompanyshouldbeproudof.

40.Theunderlinedphrase"stoletheshow“mostprobablymeans.

A.disappointedtheproducerB.ruinedthewholeperformance

C.attractedthemostattentionD.exhibitedexcessiveconfidence

【40题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第一部分“SamHallwasajoytowatch,w汕perfectcomictiming,aswasEmmaWilliams,

thoroughlybelievableandconvincinginherrole.(山姆•霍尔是一种观看的乐趣，有着完美的喜剧时机，艾玛•威

廉姆斯也是如此，她在她的角色中完全可信和令人信服)”可知，这两个年轻人因为其表演吸引了最多的注意，

故画线词意思是“吸引了最多的注意”。故选C。

模块四2020-2022年春季高考真题特训年

2022年1月春考

(C)

Conservationistsgotowaroverwhetherhumansarethemeasureofnature'svalue.NewConservationists

arguesuchtrade-offsarenecessaryinthishumandominatedepoch.Andtheysupport"re-wilding”,aconcept

originallyproposedbySoulewherepeoplecurtaileconomicgrowthandwithdrawfromlandscapes,whichthen

returntonature.

10

NewConservationistsbelievethewithdrawalcouldhappentogetherwitheconomicgrowthThe

California-basedBreakthroughInstitutebelievesinafuturewheremostpeopleliveincitiesandrelylesson

naturalresourcesforeconomicgrowth.

Theywouldgetfoodfromindustrialagriculture,includinggeneticallymodifiedfoods,desalination

intensifiedmeatproductionandaquaculture,allofwhichhaveasmallerlandfootprint.Andtheywouldgettheir

energyfromrenewablesandnaturalgas.

Drivingtheseprofoundshiftswouldbegreaterefficiencyofproduction,wheremoreproductscouldbe

manufacturedfromfewerinputs.Andsomeunsustainablecommoditieswouldbereplacedinthemarketbyother,

greenerones---naturalgasforcoal,forinstance,explainedMichaelHeisenberg.,presidentoftheBreakthrough

Institute.Naturewould,inessence,bedecoupledfromtheeconomy.

Andthenheaddedacaveat:"Wearenotsuggestingdecouplingastheparadigmtosavetheworld,orthatit

solvesalltheproblemsoreliminatesallthetrade-offs.

Cynics(悲观者)maysayallthissoundstooutopian,butBreakthroughmaintainstheworldisalreadyon

thispathtowarddecoupling.NowhereisthismoreevidentthanintheUnitedSates,accordingtoIddoWemick,a

researchscholarattheRockefellerUniversity,whohasexaminedthenation'suseof100maincommodities.

WemckandhiscolleagueslookedatdatacarefullyfromtheU.S.GeologicalSurveyNationalMinerals

InformationCenter,whichkeepsarecordofcommoditiesusedfrom1900throughthepresentday.Theyfound

thattheuseof36commodities(sand,ireore,cottonetc.)intheU.S.Economyhadpeaked.

Another53commodities(nitrogen,timber,beef,etc.)arebeingusedmoreefficientlyperdollarvalueof

grossdomesticproductthaninthepre-1970sera.Theirusewouldpeaksoon,Wernicksaid.

Only11commodities(industrialdiamond,indium,chicken,etc.)areincreasinginuse(Greenwire,Nov.6),

andmostoftheseareemployedbyindustriesinsmallquantitiestoimprovesystemsprocesses.Chickenuseis

risingbecausepeopleareeatinglessbeef,adesirabledevelopmentsincepoultrycultivationhasasmaller

environmentalfootprint.

ThenumbersshowtheUnitedStateshasnotintensifiedresourceconsumptionsincethe1970sevenwhile

increasingitsGDPandpopulation,saidJesseAusubeloftheRockefellerUniversity.

“Itseemslikethe20th-centuryexpectationwehad,wewerealwaysassumingthefutureentailedgreater

consumptionofresources,"Ausubelsaid."Butwhatweareseeinginthedevelopedcountriesis,ofcourse,

peaks.”

63.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordntrade-offs"refertointhefirstparagraph?

A.Thebalancebetweenhumandevelopmentandnaturalecology

11

B.Theprofitabilityofimportandexporttrade.

C.Theconsumptionofnaturalresourcesbyindustrialdevelopment

D.Thedifficultplightofeconomiesgrowth.

64.Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheviewsofthenewenvironmentalists?

A.Theybelievethatmankindshouldliveinforestswithrichvegetation

B.Theybelievethatmankindwillneedmorenaturalresourcesinthefuture.

C.Theybelievethatmankindisthemasterofthewholeuniverse.

D.Theybelievethatmankindshouldlimiteconomicgrowth

65.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphofthepassage?

A.Naturalresourcescannotsupporteconomicdevelopment.

B.Moreresourceconsumptionwillnotoccurinacertainperiodoftime.

C.Excessiveresourceconsumptionwillnotaffecttheecologicalenvironment

D.Allresourceconsumptionindevelopedcountrieshasreachedapeak

66.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Urbanizationandre-wildness.

B.Humanexistenceandindustrialdevelopment

C.Socioeconomicdevelopmentandresourceconsumption

D.Commoditytradingandrawmaterialdevelopment

【答案】63〜.66ADBC

【解析】

63.A［解析］根据文章第一段第一句提及的Conservationistsgotowaroverwhetherhumansarethemeasureof

naturesvalue和划线词所在句子的相关描述，可知，此处的trade-offs所指的就是关于“人类社会发展与自

然生态之间的平衡”，结合相关选项分析，A项表述符合文意，其余选项文章未明确提及，故选A64.D［解

析］根据文章第二段第二句提及的TheCalifornia-basedBreakthroughInstitutebelievesinafuturewheremost

peopleliveincitiesandrelylessonnaturalresourcesforeconomicgrowth可知，新环保主义者认为，未来大

多数人都生活城市，经济增长对自然资源的依赖更少，A和B项表述错误;C项文章未提及根据文章第一

段最后一句提及的Andtheysupport”re-wilding；'aconceptoriginallyproposedbySoulwherepeoplecurtail

economicgrowthandwithdrawfromlandscapes,whichthenreturntonature可知，新环保主义者提出了“重新

野生化”这一概念，即人们限制经济增长，远离风景，然后回归自然，结合选项分析,D项表述正确，故选Do

65.B［解析］根据文章最后一段以及倒数第二段提及的ThenumbersshowtheUnitedStateshasnotintensified

resourceconsumptionsincethe1970sevenwhileincreasingitsGDPandpopulation,saidJesseAusubelofthe

12

RockefellerUniversity等相关表述可知，最后一段想要表述的是，更多的资源消耗在一个阶段时间内不会出

现，B项表述正确，其余选项表述有误，故选Bo

66.C［解析］根据整篇文章分析，本文主要讲述了经济发展与资源消耗相关的问题。文章首段以新环保主义

者的相关观点引出文章主题，即对“人类是否是自然价值的衡量标准”展开了讨论，之后又讲述了关于自然

资源消耗的相关猜想和实际情况等内容。总之，本文主要围绕人类社会经济发展与资源消耗进行观点表达,

结合选项分析，C项表述正确，其余选项与文意不符，故选Co

2021年1月春考

(C)

Lsing,Natiii,alGHS(OKcdiicc

Hnerg、Poverty

It'snotcarbon-free,butithasatransformativeroletoplayinenergizingdevelopingnations.

READTHISNEXT

SFACC

Ourtmj>robab]eExistenceIsNoEvid

for*Muldverse

»PACC

ExtremelyBoringAliens

PUBtICM(AltM

CouldNewCOX1DVariantsUnd»rmt

Vaccines?LabsScrambletoFindOut

Lifewithoutaccesstoenergyissimplymiserable.Accessingenergyisthesinglemostimportantfactorin

improvingthelivesofindividualsandincreasingtheeconomicopportunitiesavailableintheircommunities.

Accesstolightingtransformseducationfromoutdoorsduringtheday,toindoorsandanytime!Asimple

refrigeratorcantransformafruitstandtoagrocerystore.Reliableelectricityallowsbusinessestostayopenand

ultimatelyprovidesthecornerstonethatallowsindustriestoform.

Thereisadominantschoolofthoughtthatenergyaccesscanbeachievedaroundtheworldwithonly

carbon-freesources.ThisparadigmenvisionseffectivelynleapfroggingHtraditionaldevelopmentpatterns,skipping

industrialization,andtransformingeconomieswithgreenenergyandaserviceeconomy.Whilecompellingin

theory,thisvisionlacksseveralcriticalfactors;theneedtomanufacturethegoodsthatwillbuildtheeconomy,the

scalabilityofenergysources,andtheaffordabilityofthatenergy.

Thistransformationiscurrentlyunderwayanditsprogressisinevitable.Theurgencyiscreatedby

individualscurrent,difficultconditionsandtheavailabilityofabundant,affordableenergy,particularlycoal.All

13

newenergydemandwillcomefromthedevelopingworld.Withoutathoughtfulconversationabouttheprojected

doublingofworldenergydemand,energyconsumptionwillcontinueasitiscurrentlyunderway,intwoparallel

paths,Onepathprioritizescarbon-freesources,andsetsgoalsandpoliciesthatincentivizethose.Theotherpath

respondstothesupplyanddemandinherentinaworldeconomyandisresultinginthemassivedevelopmentof

coal-firedelectricitygeneration.

TherealityofenergydevelopmentcanbesummarizedintheexampleofIndia'sprojectedenergy

development.By2022,Indiaisplanning100GWofnewsolar?andarelativelytiny50MWofnewcoal.

However,asimplecalculationofthelikelyemissionsofthesetwonewsourcesofenergyconductedbyacolleague

atStanfordindicatesthatifallthisnewelectricitygenerationcamefromnaturalgas,theresultwouldbe20

percentfeweremissions.Thisisaconversationworthhaving.

Althoughnotacarbon-freesource,naturalgashasatrans-formativeroletoplayintheenergizingof

developingnations.Abundantlyavailablearoundtheworld,andmoretransportablethanever,aworldnaturalgas

marketiscreatingamorestable,affordablesupply.Asanelectricitygenerationfuel,itisbothabaseload

alternativetocoalandabackupforrenewableg