WeleUnitDiscoveringusefulstrutures课件高中英语人教版

Let’sreviewWhatIsSubject?1.S(subject)主语1.1Atigereatsmeat.

S1.2Heismyfather.

S1.3.Mr.Woodisateacher.

S

Whatcanbe“subject”inasentence?atiger?noun√he?pronoun√Mr.Wood?noun×name√Let’sreviewWhatIsVerb?2.V(verb)谓语动词2.1Atigereatsmeat.

V2.2Afishcanswim.

V2.3.He

doesn’tlike

fruit.

V

Whatcanbe“verb”inasentence?can=V×doesn’t=V×canswim√Let’sreviewWhatIsObject?3.O(object)宾语3.1Atigereats

meat.

O3.2Ilikeit.

O3.3HecalledTom.

O

Whatcanbe“object”inasentence?meat?noun√it?pronoun√Tom?nameLet’sreviewWhatIsPredicative?4.P(predicative)表语4.1Helooks

fine.

P

4.2Youarehappy.

P4.3Hebecameateacher.

P

Whatcanbe“predicative”inasentence?=linkverblinkverb+adj./noun=PPcontainsaverb!Let’sreviewWhatIsAdverbial?5.A(adverbial)状语5.1HelivesinShenzhen.

A

5.2Yougotoschoolbybus.

A5.3Hewasbornin1918.

A

Whatcanbe“adverbial”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsDO(DirectObjective)?6.DO(directobjective)直接宾语6.1Hegavemeapen.

DO

6.2Weboughthimagift.

DO6.3Hewrotemealetter.

DO

Whatcanbe“directobjective”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsIO(IndirectObjective)?7.IO(indirectobjective)间接宾语7.1Hegavemeapen.

IO

7.2WeboughtMr.Woodagift.

IO7.3Hewrotehismotheraletter.

IO

Whatcanbe“indirectobjective”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsC(Complement)?8.C(complement)宾语补足语8.1Thewarmadehimahero.

C

8.2Thefirelefthimhomeless.

C8.3Hefoundhisglassesbroken.

C

Whatcanbe“complement”inasentence?句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。PDOOAC

(subject)SV(verb)(object)

(predicative)

(adverbial)

(directobject)I0(indirectobject)（同位语）appositive（定语）attribute主语状语宾语补足语直接宾语表语宾语间接宾语谓语Thecarrunsfast.Sheiskind.EightisaluckynumberinChina.Swimmingismyfavorite.Toseeistobelieve.Whatweneedistime.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.名词动名词动词不定式代词数词主语从句

it:形式主语1.Findoutthesubjectsinthefollowingsentencesandthinkabouttheirfunctions.主语：句子叙述的主体，动作的发出者。说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。谓语V(verb)2、复合谓语：a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。

HecanspeakEnglish.b.助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词,

后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。Theyaretalkingaboutsomething.Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语Helookedaftertwoboys.找出谓语1.Theysawanexhibitionyesterday.2.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.3.Shewantstojointheclub.4.Ienjoyedlisteningtopopularmusic.5.Ithinkheisfitforhisoffice.6.Peoplefinditimportanttogetagoodeducation.7.Hetoldusastory.3.Underlinetheobjects.名词数词动词不定式动名词

宾语从句

形式宾语间接宾语

直接宾语宾语：动作的对象、承受者。宾语由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，从句等或者是相当于名词的词或者是短语充当在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫做直接宾语directobject（简称“直宾”），表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirectobject)。Hereadusthetext.→Hereadthetexttous.Mysisterwrote

mealetter.→Mysisterwrotealettertome.HenryteachesusEnglish.→HenryteachesEnglishtous.Mymotherboughtmeawatch.→Mymotherboughtawatchforme.Hermothermadeheracake.→Hermothermadeacakeforher.

直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject双宾语人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语双宾语：IO+DO4.linking-verbIamhappy.Thedayturnslong.Hegetsangry.Heseemsill.Itremainsamystery.--后跟表语，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态、身份、特征等说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后Hermotherisateacher.Iamten.Hebecamerichandsuccessful.Everyoneishere.Theyareathomenow.MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.表语predicative（名词）（数词）（形容词）

（副词）（介词短语）（不定式）HisfathernamedhimTerry.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Wesawhimenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Shethinksheragoodteacher.Iwillhavemyhaircuttomorrowmorning.宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词接宾语后，意义仍然不完整，还需要一个句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等，这就是宾语补足语。Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’s

sister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰，限定作用的句子成分。1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

6.Shesatthere,readingabook.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.时间原因条件地点方式伴随目的结果让步比较状语用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。ＳＶ（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Weall4.They5.He6.He7.Theyflies.rose.eat,anddrink.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday.isplaying.listenstoclassicalmusic..不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语。如需要加宾语，需要添加介词②SVO

主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语此句型中谓语是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，之后可加宾语。例1Youmust

listentoyourteacher.例2Myfather

arrivedinLondonyesterday.例3Heis

laughingatthecrippledwoman.例4I’ll

writeabout

myfootballteaminmyfuturebooks.③SVP

主语+系动词+表语此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。例1Shebecame

asinger.例2Mybrotheris

out

now.例3Breakfastsmells

good.④SVIODO主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语例2IboughtTomabirthdaygift.间接宾语直接宾语例1Ishowedhermyphotos.间接宾语直接宾语常见的可接双宾语的动词有：give,send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant等所有画线部分都是短语(词组)。Thefirstweek,thebuilding,myfirstFrenchclass和theteacher属于名词短语。alittleconfusing，sobig,completelylost,veryconfusing都属于形容词短语。soquickly自成一体，属于副词短语。共性总结短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。在高中阶段，常见的短语形式有：名词短语、

短语、

短语、

短语及

短语等。形容词副词介词动词名词短语1.请完成下列表格，并写出其相应的构成形式名词短语构成

两辆车限定词＋名词

一位漂亮的女孩__________________________________________________________我校一个美丽的校区________________________

我的学校生活__________________________twocarsabeautifulgirlabeautifulcampusofmyschoolmyschoollife限定词＋形容词(短语)＋名词限定词＋名词＋介词短语限定词＋描述性名词＋名词名词短语是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语。NounPhrase（NP）(1)限定词包括:冠词(a/an/the)指示代词(this/that/these/those等)物主代词(my/your/his/her/our/their等)不定代词(some/no/neither/both等)数词(one/two/first/second等)。名词短语(nounphrases)(2)多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为:限定词—数词—描绘词—出处—材料性质—类别—名词。如：asmallroundtable/atallgraybuilding/adirtyoldbrownshirt/afamousGermanmedicalschool/anexpensiveJapanesesportscar顺口溜记忆:县(限定词)官(观点形容词)行(形状形容词)大(大小形容词)令(年龄新旧形容词)射(颜色形容词)国(国家等出处形容词)才(材料质地等形容词)。名词短语(nounphrases)2.请完成下列句子，并写出这些名词短语的句法功能完成句子句法功能

attractedalotofreaders.这篇文章有趣的标题吸引了很多读者。_____Howtofightagainstsuchadiseaseis

today.怎样与那种疾病作斗争是今天的热点话题。_____Shebought

.她给母亲买了一些花。_____Peopleconsideredhim