Unit1PastandpresentGrammar课件牛津译林版八年级英语下册

牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit1PastandpresentGrammarNewwords:yet,recently,pastGrammar：1.现在完成时的定义2.现在完成时过去分词的变化规则3.现在完成时的四个句型4.现在完成时的标志词NewWordsNewWordsyet[jet]

adv.

还；仍

recently[ˈriːs(ə)ntli]

adv.

近来；最近

past[pɑːst]adj.过去的

recentadj.最近的

NewWordsヽヽ∨∨

ヽTextText时态定义句型标志词现在完成时定义1.从过去开始，持续到现在。2.过去发生的动作对现在有影响。3.这个动作多次进行。句型：1.主语+have/has+done...2.主语+have/has+not+done...3.Have/Has+主语+done...?4.特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+done时间标志词：just,ever,since,sincethen,overtheyears,before,yet,recently,already,overthepastcentury,overthepasttwohours,for...

IfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellNegativeformHave/hasnot+PPhavenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’tWorkouttherule:IfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellQuestionformDaniel:I’mhungry,Mum.____you________dinneryet?Mum:Yes,Ihave.Andyou?_____you________yourhomeworkyet?Daniel:No,Ihaven’t.ButcanIhavedinnerfirst?Ihaven’thadanythingsincelunch.Have/Has+S+PP….?Have

cookedHave

finishedWorkouttherule:Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwelladv.还，仍adv.近来，最近adj.过去的→___________adj.LookandReadyetrecentlypastrecent现在完成时的定义1.从过去开始，持续到现在。2.过去发生的动作对现在有影响。3.这个动作多次进行。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.EddiehasjusteatenHobo'sfood.(Eddieatethefood,andnowHobohasnothingtoeat.)Ihavealreadyreadthisbookmanytimes.关键：谓语动词的形式（have/has+动词过去分词）IfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellGrammar现在完成时：动词过去分词doneGrammarOne大部分动词+edfinished以e结尾的动词+dchange以y结尾的动词把y改为i+edcarry以重读闭音节结尾的动词双写最后一个字母+edstopd不规则变化AAA型hit-hit-hitAAB型beat-beat-beatenABB型spend-spent-spentABC型do-did-doneiedpedIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellText1.从过去开始，持续到现在。2.过去发生的动作对现在有影响。3.这个动作多次进行。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.EddiehasjusteatenHobo'sfood.(Eddieatethefood,andnowHobohasnothingtoeat.)Ihavealreadyreadthisbookmanytimes.Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell过去分词的变化规则大部分动词+edfinished以e结尾的动词+dchange以y结尾的动词把y改为i+edcarry以重读闭音节结尾的动词双写最后一个字母+edstopdiedped不规则变化AAA型hit-hit-hitAAB型beat-beat-beatenABB型spend-spent-spentABC型do-did-doneIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellHelp

themwritethepastparticiplesoftheverbsbelow.1

borrow

2

hope

3

make

4

get

5plan

6

cry

7send

8watch

9

say

10

grow

11

hit

12

enjoy

ededednedddeiedidntoIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell

MrWuwantsthestudentstopractiseusingthepresentperfecttense.

Helpthemwritethepastparticiplesoftheverbsbelow.A1

borrow

2

hope

3

make

4

get

5plan

6

cry

7send

8watch

9

say

10

grow

11

hit

12

enjoy

ededednedddeiedidntoIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellGrammarTwo现在完成时：四大句式Ihavearrived.Ihavenotarrived.肯定句：主语+have/hasdone+...Yes,you+have/has.HaveIarrived?No,you+haven’t/hasn’t.否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’tdone+...一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done+...？Yes,主+have/has.No,主+haven’t/hasn’t.havenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’tWhathaveyoudone?特殊疑问句：Whathave/has+主语+done+...?Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell现在完成时的肯定句Ihavearrived.Shehasarrived.主语谓语（have/has+过去分词）TomandJanehavearrived.注意是否三单主语是三单，用has+过去分词IfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellPracticeMum:Daniel,yourroomissodirty!Daniel:Sorry,mum.I___________(notclean)itforaweek.Mum:You’dbetterdoitrightnow.Daniel:

ButI___________(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.I’mdoingitnow.Mum:Allright.Bytheway,_____you_______(call)Simonback?Hesaidhehadsomethingimportanttotalkaboutwithyou.Daniel:

Yes,Ihave.Heaskedmetoplayfootballthisweekend.ButI________(notagree).Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell现在完成时常和already、ever、just、never、recently、yet等副词以及since、for引导的时间状语连用。如：Hehasalreadytakenfirstprizetwice.他已经拿过两次一等奖了。Hehasnotreturnedthebooktomeyet.他还没有把那本书还给我。HehasnevervisitedtheGreatWall.他从没去过长城。注意：already常用于肯定句，意思是“已经”，而yet常用于否定句和疑问句，意思是“还”。现在完成时的动词构成：have/has+动词的过去分词Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell现在完成时的结构：

1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词过去分词(+其他).

e.g.Someonehascleanedthewindow.有人已经擦了窗户。Wehavelivedherefortwoyears.我们在这里住了两年了。

2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词(+其他).

e.g.Ihaven'tfinishedtheworkyet.我还没有完成这项工作。Hehasn'tcleanedhisroom.他还没有打扫他的房间。Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell1.already已经(用于肯定陈述句）Ihavealreadydonethehomework.2.yet还没是already的否定式（否定句或疑问句）Ihaven’tdonethehomeworkyet.3.just刚刚（位于谓语动词前）IhavejustseenDaniel.4.ever曾经（多用于疑问句，问初次经历）,Haveyoueverwatchedthefilm?5.never从不（多用于否定陈述句）Ihaveneverreadthisbook.6.recently

最近Haveyoubeenhererecently?TimeexpressionsIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellhavefinishedhavevisitedhasrepairedhaven’tseenhastaughtPracticeIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell大多数动词的过去分词变化形式同动词的过去式，可参考动词的过去式变化规则。变化举例一般情况在动词原形后加-edfinish—finished—finished以字母e结尾的动词，只加-dmove—moved—moved以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改为i，再加-edcarry—carried—carried以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop—stopped—stoppedIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell现在完成时的结构：一般疑问句及其肯定否定回答：

Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词(+其他)?Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+haven't/hasn't.

e.g.Haveyoufinishedyouhomework?你做完作业了吗？

Yes,Ihave.是的，我做完了。

No,Ihaven't.不，我没有做完。HasheeverbeentoBeijing?他曾经去过北京吗？Yes,hehas.是的，他过去。

No,hehasn't.不，他没有去过。Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell不规则动词的过去分词变化：有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致

分类如下：变化举例与原形相同hit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurt在原形后加t或dlearn—learnt—learnthear—heard—heard原形中的元音字母有变化get—got—gotsit—sat—sat原形中的辅音字母有变化make—made—madespill—spilt—spilt原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化feel—felt—felt