高考专项训练-选词填空-练习1-学生版

选词填空专练1选词填空专练1(1)主题语境：人与社会主题群：历史、社会与文化语篇类型：记叙文A.bredB.courseC.disconnectedD.distinctE.estimatesF.exclusivelyG.generationsH.initiativesI.primarilyJregionK.survivedNubiansfighttosaveanancientlanguageandidentityJehadAshrafisthefirstmemberofherfamilytogrowupnotunderstandinghermothertongue."IlivedinAswanmywholelife,"saidthe29yearold,whowasbornand(1)_______inNubia,southernEgypt,"butnoneofmyfamilyspokeNubiantomeathome."Injusttwo(2)_______thelanguage,oncewidelyspoken,hasalmostvanished.Inhervillage,adate-farmingcommunityontheNile,"theyoungestwhospeakNubianare61or62.Itisbecomingextinct,"saidAshraf.ItisthesamethroughoutEgyptandthat'ssomethingshewantstochange.Lastyear,shehelpedlaunchtheonlineserviceNobigKoro(LearnNubian)toencourageyoungpeopletolearnthelanguage.Itisoneofanumberof(3)_______inrecentyearstoreachyoungNubiansathomeandabroadandkeepthelanguageandculturefromdyingout.AshrafstartedtakingNubianclassesinCairowhereshewenttostudylegaltranslation."SinceIwasyoung,Iwasattractedtothelanguage,"shesaid.Shemadetwofriendsonthe(4)_______,the31-year-oldWessamFathyandMostafaFares,also31.BothwereborntoNubianparentsbutwereunabletospeakthelanguage.ThethreeofthemstartedaweeklystudygrouptogooverwhattheylearnedinclassandpractisesingingthesongstheirteacherwroteoutfortheminNubianandArabic."Nubiansongshaveeverythingyoufindinthelanguage,"saidAshraf,"sowewouldmemorisethem,practisesingingthemanddiscussthewordswedidn'tknow."Postingtheirsessionsonlinewasawayto"sharethethingswelearned,thethingswelove,withotheryoungNubians,"saidAshraf.Theysoonrealisedthereweremanyotherswhofelt(5)_______fromtheirheritage."Thenewgenerationaremoreeducated,"saidFares."Theycanfeelthattheyarelosingtheiridentity."TherearenostatisticsonhowmanyNubiansliveinEgypt.(6)_______rangefrom300,000to5million,spreadthroughoutthecountry.Inthe1960s,muchofOldNubiawasdestroyedbytheconstructionoftheAswanHighDam,whichfloodedthe(7)_______upstreamfromAswan.Between50,000and130,000peoplewereforcedtomovefromancientvillages,mostlytoCairo,Alexandriaorpurpose-builtaccommodationinthedesert—allareaswhereArabicwas(8)_______spoken.Althoughthelanguagehasgonefromeverydayconversation,ithas(9)_______throughNubianmusic.BothclassicalandcontemporaryNubianartistsremainpopularinsouthernEgypt,performinginastyle(10)_______fromArabicpopsongsbecauseofitstraditionalinstrumentsandrhythms.

(2)主题语境：人与社会主题群：历史、社会与文化语篇类型：说明文A.celebratesB.excessivelyCexclusivelyD.figureE.forceF.gracedG.manualH.markedI.persistsJrangeK.shareObesityinFrance:bodybeautifulAsHauteCouturefashionweekgotunderwayinParisonJanuary23rd,thecityoflightwastreatedtotheritualdisplayoffabricdraped(覆盖)overskinnyframes.InFrancetheslimline(1)_______attractsconsumersoffthecatwalktoo,yearround,orbillboardsandinadvertisingspots.Thisbodyideal(2)_______,despitethefactthateveninFranceobesityisontherise.Between1997and2020the(3)_______ofobeseFrenchadultsdoubled,to17%,or8mpeople.France'sobesityrateisstillwellbelowthatinAmerica(40%),Mexico(33%)orBritain(26%).ButthetrendworriesFrenchpublic-healthofficials,forreasonsthat(4)_______frommental-healthissuestoweight-relatedconditionssuchasdiabetes(糖尿病).Thegovernmenthassetupatask(5)_______onobesity,underMartineLaville,aprofessorofnutritioninLyon.ItwillreportbackinMarch.ObesityinFranceismost(6)_______amongthoseonlowincomes,andperhapssurprisingly,amongwomen(FrenchmenstillhaveonaverageoneofthelowestratesintheEuropeanUnion).Apoordiethighinprocessedfoodisoneexplanationfortheincomegap.AccordingtoareportbytheFrenchSenate,theobesityrateamong(7)_______workersinFrancereached18%in2020,whereasformanagerialworkersitisbelow10%.Livingwithobesityisparticularlydifficultinaculturethat(8)_______thinness.In2017Francedidbantheuseof(9)_______thincatwalkmodels."Grossophobie(fatphobia)hurts,"saidMarianneJames,atalent-showjudgeweighing138kg,who(10)_______amagazinecoverthisweek.Butsuchimagesremainrare.Oneofthe"singularachievementsofFrenchcivilisation",wroteMireilleGuiliano,inabest-sellingbookin2004,isthat"Frenchwomendon'tgetfat".Suchclaimsnowseemasunhelpfulastheyareuntrue.(3)主题语境：人与自我主题群：生活与学习语篇类型：说明文A.abundantB.achievingC.analyzeD.consistentE.exactlyF.qualifyG.stickH.strategiesI.trackingJtriesK.typicallyUncoveringthesecretsofthosewhokeepitoffForallthebiologicaloddsstackedagainstweightlosssuccess,therearemanypeoplewhodomanagetoloseweightandmaintainthatlosslongterm.Uncoveringwhat(1)_______allowssuccessfulslimmerstokeepoffthepoundshasbeentheprimarygoaloftheNationalWeightControlRegistry(NWCR)forthepast29years.To(2)_______fortheregistry,membersmusthavelostatleast30poundsandmaintainedthatweightlossforayearorlonger.Thepandemichaspausedrecruitment(3)_______,buttoday,thenonprofitregistryincludesover13,000volunteersfromacrosstheU.S.,withanaverageweightlossof66pounds.Researcherswho(4)_______datafromtheNWCRhaveyettofindanyholygrailforweightlosssuccess.Instead,everyone'spathlooksalittledifferent,notesDr.J.GrahamThomas,aprofessorofpsychiatryandhumanbehavioratBrownAlpertMedicalSchool,whooverseestheNWCR.Hestressesthatfindingtherightdietcantakesometrialanderror."FewNWCRparticipantsreport(5)_______long-termweightlosssuccessontheirfirstattempt.Ittakesseveralattemptsbeforesomeonefindsanapproachthattheycan(6)_______with,"Thomasnotes."It'shardtopredictwhat'sgoingtoworkbestforanygivenindividualanditmaytakeseveral(7)_______beforereachinglong-termsuccess.It'simportanttokeepthatinmindandnotgettoodiscouragedifagivenapproachdoesn'tworkout."Thedataalsosuggeststhere'snorealsecrettomaintainingweightlossovertheyears—beyondcontinuedhardworkanddetermination.Butthereareafewconstants."MorerecentstudiesshowthatNWCRmemberstendtohaveamorningchronotype—theyare'morningpeople'whowakeupearlyandgotobedearly—andtheyaremorelikelytousehealth(8)_______technology,"saysThomas."NWCRmembersalso(9)_______exerciseatleast200minutesperweek.Theyeata(10)_______dietwithlimitedvarietyandavoidsplurging(挥霍)onweekendsandholidays,andtheyregularlyweighthemselvestocatchandcorrectsmallweightgainsearly."(4)主题语境：人与自然主题群：环境保护语篇类型：议论文A.collectedB.correlatedC.consequenceD.declineE.particularlyF.potentiallyG.predominateH.uncomprehendingLunquantifiableJvariationK.welcomeTheelephantintheroomEveryday,thousandsofrangerspatrolnationalparksandotherprotectedareasinAfrica.Theirjobinvolvessignificantdanger,bothfromhostilehumansarmedwithautomaticweaponsandfromtheunappreciativeand(l)_______aggressivewildlife,armedwithtusks,teethandclaws,whichtheyarehelpingtopreserve.Buttheirworkisimportant,notleastbecausethedatatheycollectarecrucialtoconservationplanning.Thatis(2)_______trueofdataonpoaching(偷猎),whichremains,inbothsensesoftheword,anelephantineproblem.Since2006Africanelephantpopulationshavedeclinedbyaround30%.In2021,accordingtoMonitoringtheIllegalKillingofElephants(MIKE)aconservationprogramme,around40%ofelephantdeathswerearesultofpoaching.Theseverityofelephantpoachingvariesfromplacetoplace.TheMIKEdatashowa(3)_______fallinratesthroughoutthe2010s,butaccordingtoresearchpublishedin2020byScottSchlossbergofElephantsWithoutBorders,acharity,thiscanbeattributedentirelytoa(4)_ineasternAfrica.Elsewhere,thereisgreat(5)_______inthepressureonelephants.Someparks,alikeGarambaintheDemocraticRepublicofCongo(DRC),arebadlyhit—withmorethan90%ofthedeadelephantsfoundbyrangersbeingvictimsofpoachers.Inothers,likeChobe,inBotswana,lessthan10%ofdeadelephantsdiscoveredhavebeenkilledillegally.Tountanglethefactorsinfluencingpoaching,TimothyKuiperoftheUniversityofCapeTown,EleanorMilnerGullandatOxford,andateamofcollaboratorshaveanalyseddata(6)_______forMIKEbyrangersfrom64sitesin30Africancountriesoverthecourseof19years.They(7)_______thesewithpossiblyrelevantfactors,bothnaturalandhuman,andhavepublishedtheirfindingsintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety.Naturalvariablessuchashabitattype,theydiscovered,makelittledifference.Humanones(8)_______.Unsurprisingly,butneverthelessappropriately,lowhouseholdwealth,poorhealth,poorlawenforcementandpoornationalgovernanceallcontributedtohigherratesofpoaching.Sodidthepriceofivory.Therewasoneunexpectedresult,though—theimpactofarmedconflict.Fortheredidnotseemtobemuch.Whatimpacttherewas,wasa(9)_______ofafewspecialcasesinDRC,theCentralAfricanRepublicandEthiopia,ratherthanageneralruleaboutyoungmenwithgunsbehavingbadly.Onefactorthatwas(10)_______,andthereforeuntestable,accordingtoDrKuiper,waslocalpoliticalwilltopreservewildlife.Butthisstudydoesneverthelessconfirmobservationsmadeelsewhere,thatthebestformofconservationisaprosperouspopulation.(5)主题语境：人与社会主题群：科学与技术语篇类型：说明文A.campaignB.distinguishC.measuresD.generatedE.lyingF.heatedG.incapableH.predictLpoliticsJrecordedK.undergoingTheblueandtheredThatthosewholeantooppositeendsofthepoliticalbeliefsthinkdifferentlyfromeachotherisobvious.Thatsuchdifferencesshowupinbrainscansisveryinteresting.Brainscanningisalow-resolutionapproachtostudyingneuralactivity,(1)_______ofseeinghowthecellswhichdotheactualthinkingareconnectedtoeachother.Yet,usingthisfairlybasictechnique,twogroupsofresearchersnowclaimtobeableto(2)_______theneuralresponsesofleft-and-rightwingers.DaantjedeBruinandOrielFeldmanHall,ofBrownUniversity,inRhodeIsland,publishedtheirstudyinScienceAdvances.NoaKatabiandYaaraYeshurunofTelAvivUniversity,inIsrael,chosetheJournalofNeuroscience.Bothusedfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging,which(3)_______changesinbloodflowasanindicatorforneuralactivity,tolookatgroupsof44and34volunteersrespectively,fromacrosstherangeofpoliticalbeliefs.MsdeBruinandDrFeldmanHallfirstaskedthei