说明文中科研实验类文章解题技巧课件高考英语一轮复习阅读理解

以2023年新高考一卷D篇为例说明文中科研实验类文章解题技巧伍莉Brainstorminglab\laboratoryexperimentexistsolidliquidgasheatmetalexpandcontractironsubstancemixturesurfaceairearthsteelglassobjectaimresultmethodconclusionfindingreactionoxygenscientificrustnailtesttubeholderoilsteamdissolveformaddsaytheChinesemeaningofthefollowingwordsWhatkindofpassagecanyoufindthesewordsfrom?Let’slearnmorewordsrelatedtoexpositorypassageaboutscientificresearch.researcherspecificscientistdiscoverexamineleadresearchrecordsystemsendamessagememberrespectpreviousresearchshow,suggest;indicate;signify;findappearcheck;inspectpresentstudyevolutionmeaninginformationconveydesignconductcarryoutfigureoutevidencereliableinfluence说明文说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。该文体通过对实体事物科学的解说，对客观事物做出说明或者对抽象事物进行阐述，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或者对事物的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有科学的认识，从而获得有关知识。说明文的结构总分式：总分/分总/总分总递进式：由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质并列式：文章各部分内容没有主次之分对照式：通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同阅读策略1.细读重点2.有选择地略读或者跳读例如：繁琐的例证；并列多项列举；无关大局的生僻词汇；较长的人名、地名Thestepsofreadingthepassage1.Readthefirstparagraphtogetthethemeofthepassage2.Readthefirstorlastsentenceofeachparagraphtoknowthemainidea3.Readthequestions,circlekeywordsandlocatethekeyinformation4.Readkeyinformationtogettheanswer.以2023年新高考一卷D篇为例Thetheme:theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate大量独立估计的平均值可能非常准确Para.1Readthefirstorlastsentence阐述结论Para.2ReadthefirstorlastsentenceButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.一个新的现象Para.3ReadthefirstorlastsentenceInafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.进一步研究Para.4ReadthefirstorlastsentenceAlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.对研究的评价Para.5Readthequestions32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.效果的潜在逻辑估计方法Galton实验的设计人们的错误的原因32.B段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthat...”及第三句“Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.”可知，该段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑，即独立估计的平均值如何由于误差的消除而得出较准确的预测。故选B。同学们容易选错Cthecausesofpeople’serrors,因为学生对第二段理解不清楚，不能明白capitalizeon的意思，以及第二段第一句的大致意思，所以就选了经常出现errors这个词的C项。第二句定位第三段ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.再根据“whencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.”可知，当把人群进一步分成允许讨论的小组时，他们比独立的个体能得出更为准确的预测。也就是说，即使预测不是完全独立的，平均值的准确度也能提高。故选D。34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups. B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess. D.Theindividualestimates.第二句定位第4段Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.由“theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.”及后面一连串的提问可推知，后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.定位第5段AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.35.D观点态度题。根据最后一段内容尤其是“thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.”可知，虽然Navajas的研究仍然有局限性和很多问题，但对于小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此可推知，作者对于Navajas研究的态度是赞许的。故选D。对研究的评价高考中科研实