Unit4HistoryandTraditions词汇讲解课件高中英语人教版

UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONSVocabulary1.individual[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]构词：in(否定)+divid(divide分)+u(you)+al(adj.后缀)派生：individualismn个人主义individualityn个性；特征搭配：adj[只用于名词前]单独的；个人的Eachindividualleafonthetreeisdifferentfromeachother.

Mosttravelagentsarepreparedtotailortravelarrangementstomeetindividualrequirements.

adj.独特的；与众不同的Thesestylescanbeadaptedtosuitindividualtastes.n[C]个人；个体；人Allourcoursesarepersonalizedtotheneedsoftheindividual.2.puzzle[ˈpʌzl]派生：puzzledadj.困惑的；迷惑的→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的，令人迷惑的→puzzlementn.困惑，苦思搭配：n．谜；智力游戏；疑问beapuzzletosb.对某人来说是个谜workoutapuzzle解谜vt.迷惑；使困惑puzzle(oneself/sb.)about/over苦苦思索，绞尽脑汁puzzleout仔细考虑解决（难题等）e.g.Itpuzzledmethattheboywasnotpuzzledaboutthepuzzlingquestion,whichisalsoapuzzletomyclassmates.那个男孩对那个令人困惑的问题并不感到困惑，这令我困惑，对我的同学来说也是个谜。3.breakaway(fromsb/sth)拓展：与break有关的短语：breakup分解；打碎；破裂；分手breakinto强行闯入；忽然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等):breakintolaughterbreakout(战争等)突然发生，爆发:breakoutlaughingbreakoff断开；停顿；中断breakin强行进入；打断；插嘴breakdown发生故障；垮掉；失败；失控崩溃“动词＋away”构成的动词短语：breakaway脱离；背叛；逃脱takeaway消除，解除；带走，拿走giveaway泄露，赠送脱离；背叛；逃脱4.belong[bɪˈlɒŋ]派生：belongingsn.所有物，财产，财物搭配：belongto属于；是……的成员；应归入e.g.Victorybelongstothemostpersevering.胜利属于最坚忍的人。—Napoleone.g.Lionsandtigersbelongtothecatfamily.注意：belongto不用于进行时与被动语态；belongto其中to为介词vi.属于；应在(某处)；适应5.aswellas搭配：与……一样好e.g.Fewguitaristscansingaswellastheycanplay;Eddie,however,isanexception.和；也；除……之外e.g.Asanewpresident,unfortunatelyforhim,histitlebroughtobligationsaswellasprivileges.Aswellaswritingshortstories,Ilovereadingandlisteningtofolkmusic.备注：aswellas用作连词时，连接两个并列句子成分，但连接两个主语时，谓语动词与其前面的主语保持一致；aswellas用作介词时，可放在句首，与besides,inadditionto意思相近；注意:(1)

aswellas连接主语时，谓语动词应与aswellas前的主语保持人称和数的一致。Theteacheraswellasallhisstudentsisgoingtoseeherofftomorrow.(2)aswell也；又；还（句末），意为“也，又”，常放在句尾，相当于too。6.currency[ˈkʌrənsi]n.通货；货币current[ˈkʌrənt]adj.流通的;当前的currenttimetotaltime派生：currentadj.流通的；目前的currently=atpresent在目前7.defence[dɪˈfens]派生：defensiveadj.防御的；保护的；保卫的；戒备的defendvt.保护；保卫搭配：defend...from/against...=protectsb.from/againststh.保护/保卫……免受……n.防御；保卫；防护：e.g.TheneedsofbothcouldbestrengthenedifEuropeinvestedmoreindefence.n.防务；防御物；防御能力：e.g.Thebodyhasnaturaldefencemechanismstoprotectitfromdisease.n.辩护；辩解：indefence(of...)为了保护/保卫(……)为……辩护e.g.Ihavetosayinherdefencethatsheknewnothingaboutitbeforehand.n.(体育运动中的)后卫；防守队员defence/defense语义网络图

防御；保卫；防护基本义具体的防御物

防务；防御物；防御能力辩护；辩解

后卫；防守队员语言的防御比赛中的防御看图猜词5.surround围绕8.surround[səˈraʊnd]派生：surroundingadj.周围的，附近的surroundingsn.环境(复数)

意为“环境”时，surroundings一定要用复数形式哟！搭配：包围；环绕；围困besurroundedby/with...被……环绕/包围e.g.

Tosomefamilies,happinessisbeingsurroundedbyfamilymembersandfriends.surround...with...以……包围……e.g.Ifyou’reseriousaboutwantingtoliveahealthylifestyle,it’sextremelyimportanttosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewho’llprovideyouwiththeproperemotionalsupport.与……紧密相关Howtocopewithsomeissuessurroundingalcoholabuse?9.evidence[ˈevɪdəns]派生：evidentadj.清楚的；显而易见的；显然的（同：obvious）evidentlyadv.显而易见地

同义：proofn.证据

句式：Thereisevidencethat+句子

有证据表明……It’sevidentthat...显而易见的是……n.证据；证明（不可数名词）10.achievement[əˈtʃiːvmənt]派生：achievev.取得，获得

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achievableadj可达到的；可获得的搭配：n.达成；完成Theyworkedhardatwhatevertheydid,buttheyhadasenseofachievement.n.成就；功绩；成绩：Iftheycanmakeachievementsinstudyatschoolandfindasatisfactoryjobafterwards,itwillnotbeabigproblem.Hewasawardedaprizeforhisachievements

inphysics.achievesuccess/progress取得成功、进步achieveagoal/anaim实现目标11.location[ləʊˈkeɪʃn]派生：locatev.坐落于搭配：belocatedin/on/at...位于12.battle[ˈbætl]

“battle”一词开始作为一个比较大众的网络语被大家所熟知，是因为近两年国内综艺节目掀起了一波嘻哈狂潮，譬如《中国有嘻哈》、《这就是街舞》、《热血街舞团》。

“battle”一词常常用于在说唱、街舞中，rapper和rapper之间，dancer和dancer之间的一种PK较量，即人与人之间的“战斗”。12.battle[ˈbætl]搭配：

n.战役；战斗；斗争；较量fight/win/loseabattlebattlefield战场vt&vi(与……)斗争；(与……)战斗：battlewith/against...同……作斗争batterfor...为了……而斗争e.g.

Ihavebattledwith/againstmyconscienceoverwhetherIshouldactuallysendthisletter.13.port[pɔːt]airportn.港口（城市）n.机场transportn./v.运输exportvt.&vi.输出；出口importv.进口vt&vi(向……)收费；开价①chargefor...收……的费用Doyouthinkmuseumsshouldchargeforadmission?②chargesbmoneyforsth.

因某事向某人收费Everydayyouchargememoneyforacupofcoffee.vt指控；控告chargesbwith(doing)sth=accusesbof(doing)sth.控告某人(做)某事Shewaschargedwithdrivingundertheinfluence.vt&vi(给……)充电Thiswillincreasethetimetochargethebattery.14.charge[tʃɑːdʒ]n.主管；负责①inchargeof...负责/主管……(主语通常为人)Theoldmanagerwhowasinchargeof

thecompanyusedtochargetheworkersforchargingtheircellphones.inthechargeof...由……管理(主语通常为物)Whenthecompanyisinthechargeofthenewmanager,chargingphonesisfreeofcharge.②takechargeof...接管/负责……Atfirstshetriedtotakechargeof

themeetingbutIsoonputherinherplace.

n.费用；价钱Deliveryandinstallationinthedowntown

is

freeofcharge.n.指控；罪名Tomwassentencedtothreeyears’imprisonmentonthechargeofstealing.n.电荷；电量Theywouldbeparticlesofpositive/negativecharge.

负荷（基本义）charge罪名的负荷金钱的负荷责任的负荷

负责

费用

指控电荷的负荷

电量charge语义网络图n(向……)收费；开价

指控；控告(给……)充电

(向……)

冲；进攻v15.announce[əˈnaʊns]派生：announcementn.宣布，声称

→

announcern.宣告者；播音员；报幕员；解说员搭配：It'sannouncedthat...据宣布……makeanannouncement发布宣告或通知announcesth.tosb.向某人宣布某事

(announce的宾语只能是sth.或that从句，不能加双宾语，“向某人宣布或通知某人”应用announcetosb.)16.amount[əˈmaʊnt]练习：Alargeamountofmoney____(be)donatedbythegenerouspoettotheflood-strickenarealastweek.Largeamountsofmoney____(be)donatedbythegenerouspoettotheflood-strickenarealastweek.waswerealargeamountof+un.+谓单largeamounts

of+un.+谓复amountto达到(某数量)；合计：Thecostwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear.相当于；等于；意味着：Keepingwhatbelongstoanotherpersonamounts

tostealing.theamountof...……的数量搭配：修饰不可数名词短语：agreatdealof；alargeamountof;much17.approach[əˈprəʊtʃ]搭配：(an)approachto接近，近似；(做某事)的方法/途径n.靠近；接近：Thestudentsstoppedtalkingandkeptsilenceattheteacher’sapproach.n.通道；道路All

approachestotheoutsideofthetownwereblocked.n.(处理……的)方法；(达到……的)途径Perhapsthereisadifferentapproachto

theproblem.跟to搭配的常见名词还有：answer,key,solution,visit,way,path,contribution,entrance,exit,access等

17.approach[əˈprəʊtʃ]vt&vi(距离上)靠近(near)；(时间上)临近；(数量上)接近Thepopulationofourprovinceisnowapproaching74million.vt与……接洽

approachsb.forsth.为某事找某人Thestudentswouldliketoapproachtheirteacherforsomeadvice.vt处理Itwashiscustomtoapproacheveryproblem/matter/taskcautiously.表示处理的词还有：dealwith,handle,addressapproach语义网络图vn（距离上）靠近；（时间上）临近；（数量上）接近靠近；接近与……接洽通道；道路（处理……的）方法（达到……的）途径“靠近”距离、时间、数量等“靠近”人“靠近”事情处理靠近基本义18.generous[ˈdʒenərəs]派生：generosityn.慷慨，大方；宽宏大量搭配：begeneroustosb.对某人慷慨begenerouswithsth.在某方面大方句式：It'sgenerousofsb.todosth.某人做某事很慷慨19.position[pəˈzɪʃn]位置（基本义）place在社会上的位置人身体/物体的位置在空间上的位置位置；方位;(恰当或正确的)位置在工作中的位置比赛中的位置处境中的位置观点的位置姿势；(物体所指的)方向地位；身份职位；职务(比赛中的)名次处境；状况立场；观点；态度nv放置；安放20.eager[ˈiːɡə(r)]派生：eagerlyadv.急切地；渴望地；热心地

→

eagernessn.渴望；热心搭配：beeagerfor...＝beeagertodosth.词块：longto/for渴望……bedyingto/forbethirstyto/forhaveastrongde