名词（原卷版）-2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过

考点03名词(原卷版)

【命题趋势】

近几年高考完形填空和语法填空中中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。其命题趋势仍

将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。因此，考生不仅要弄清词

义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。建议考生在复习中注

意名词的变形和基本用法。

【重要考向】

一、名词的数；

二、名词作定语；

三、名词所有格；

❸^考向一

名词的数

【典例】

[2021全国新高考I卷语法填空】

Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe(human)are.

【名词的数提分秘籍】

名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。

1.可数名词的复数

(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加-s；词尾若是s,x,ch,sh,在词尾加-es

desk—>desks；dish—dishesstomach的复数形式是stomachs

(2)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加-es

study—studies

(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为-ves

leaf—leaves

(4)以字母。结尾的名词，多数加-s

piano—»pianos

(5)单、复数同形

sheep；deer

(6)单、复数都要加s的名词

works(工厂)；means(方法)

有一些例外情况：

(1)巧记以o结尾加-es的名词:黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。(即Negro,hero,tomato和potato四

个词)

(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加-s：海湾(gul。里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋

顶(roo。保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。

2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，如果需要表示量，通常要用“a+表量的概念的名词+of+名词”

来表示，其中的表量的概念的名词可以根据需要用复数形式

apieceofpaper一张纸：severalpiecesofinformation几条信息。

通常情况下，抽象名词和物质名词都是不可数名词，如comfort,luck,rain,energy等。

3.一些不可数名词也有复数形式，但词义不同

语意语意

brains智力times时代

manners礼貌hairs几根头发

goods货物sands沙滩，沙漠

arms武器waters水域，领海

snows积雪fruits水果

glasses眼镜papers论文；试卷；报纸

greens青菜customs海关

pains努力woods树林

4.抽象名词、物质名词具体化

(1)英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时，它是一种概念，是不可数名词，但当它们被赋予了具体

的含义后，可看作可数名词，一般与不定冠词连用，含有”一个(件、次)……的人或事如:

beauty(美，美貌)-abeauty(一个美人或一件美物)

danger（危险）一adanger（一件危险的事或一个危险的人）

failure（失败）—afailure（一件失败的事或一个失败的人）

honour（光荣）—anhonour（一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事）

must（必须）—amust（一件必要的事或物）

worry（担心）一aworry（一件令人担心的事或一个令人担忧的人）

pity（遗憾）一>apity（一件可惜的事）

service（服务）—aservice（一个服务机构）

smoke（烟）-asmoke（一缕烟）

surprise（惊奇）—asurprise（一件令人吃惊的事）

pleasure（乐趣）—>apleasure（一件有趣的事）

experience（经验）-+anexperience（一次经历）

（2）物质名词在表示构成物体的基本要素时，是不可数名词，但一旦表示具体物品，就变成了可数

名词。如：

coffee（咖啡）—acoffee（一杯咖啡）

sand（沙子）—asand（一片沙滩）

iron（铁）-aniron（一个熨斗）

water（水）一awater（一片水域）

抽象名词有时还可用复数形式。如：comfort（安慰）—comforts（舒适的设施）；joy（乐趣）—joys（乐事）；

difficulty（困难）—difficulties（困难，难做的事）。

还有的用在某些固定短语中，如：havealook（看一下）；afew,alittle（一些）；allofasudden（突然）；

makeastudyof…（对...进行研究）；inahurry（匆忙）等。

5.有些可数名词抽象为“某一概念”时，便转化为不可数名词

aroom（房间）Troom（空间）；aword（话，词）—word（消息）；aspace（空地）—>space（宇宙，空间）;golo

school/church/bed/college,etc（去上学/做礼拜/上床睡觉/上大学等）。

6.有些词只用作不可数名词

Fun,advice,news,information,furniture,equipment,baggage/luggage,bread,homework,housework,

juice,weather,progress,practice等。

7.常见复合名词的复数

looker-on—>lookers-on旁观者；passer-by—>passers-by过路人；

father-in-law^fathers-in-law岳父comrade-in-arms—>comrades-in-anns战友

go-between—go-betweens中I用人;grown-up^grown-ups成年人;store-keeper^store-keepers店主;

tooth-brush—>tooth-brushes牙刷。

8.英语中集合名词的“数”有三种情况

（1）“形单义复”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：cattle牛；police警察；people

人们（作民族、种族讲时复数为peoples）；youth青年人（youths指青年们）。

（2）“形单义单”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时，.谓语动词用单数。如：baggage/luggage行李；clothing

衣服；furniture家具；machinery机械；man/mankind人类。

（3）有些集合名词作整体看时，当单数用，谓语动词用单数；作其“成员”解时，当复数用，且形式不

变，谓语动词用复数。如：family家；government政府；group组;team队；class班级；audience听众。

0一考向二

名词作定语

【典例】

[2021浙江卷6月语法填空】

In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir（marry）

ceremonyin1842.

【名词作定语提分秘籍】

1.名词作定语时，几乎总是用单数形式（即使在意义上是复数）。如：radioprograms电台节目。

2.man/woman作定语修饰名词时，随名词的单复数变化一起变化。如：amandoctor一名男大夫；

twomendoctors两名男大夫。但girl与boy作定语仍用单数形式，如manyboystudents许多男学生。

3.还有少数名词作定语时，形式不变。如：aclothesshop一个服装店；aspoilsman一位运动员；

acustomsofficer一位海关官员；agoodstrain一列货车；asalesmanager一个营销经理；asavingsoffice

一个储蓄所。

蝎“考向三

名词所有格

【典例】

【2021浙江卷语法填空】

Itiscalculatedbydividinga(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween

19and25isconsideredhealthy.

【名词作定语提分秘籍】

英语名词的所有格构成如下:

构成情况举例

单数名词后加“‘S”aboy'sseat,thestudent'sbag

以-S结尾的人名只加Charles9home

thegirls'names,

词尾为-S的复数名词后只加“”’

Teachers'Day

表示时间、距离、机构、团体、地名以及可today'snewspaper,anhour'swork,China's

拟人化的名词后加'“S"industry

数量词(a,two,some,no...)+名词+of+somefriendsof

名词所有格myfather's

名词+of+名词所有格(往往含有感情色

thelectureofMr.Yang's

彩)

注意：无生命的名词(能拟人化的名词除外)可用of表示所属关系。

如：thewindowsoftheclassroom,thetopofthemountain。

所修饰的名词为“诊所、住宅或其他处所''时，被修饰的名词常省略。如：atthedoctor，s(clinic)在诊

所；tomyuncle's(house)到我叔叔家；inthemanager's(office)在经理办公室；atthebarber's/tailor's(shop)

在理发店/裁缝铺。

另外，表示并列的名词“共有某物''时，只在最后一个名词后加'"s”；如果表示“各自所有”，则在每

个名词后加'S。如：

LucyandMary,sdesk露西和玛丽共用的课桌；Lucy'sandMary'sdesks露西和玛丽各自的课桌。

真题再现

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2.12021全国乙卷语法填空】

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3.12021全国乙卷语法填空】

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6.12020全国卷n语法填空】

ChineseNewYearisa(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.

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Filledwith(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

8.[2020新高考全国卷I语法填空】

Historical.(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.

9.12020浙江卷7月语法填空】

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11.12019全国卷I语法填空】

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15.【2018全国卷II语法填空】

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forpeople.

16.12018全国卷皿语法填空】

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17.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】

MakingChinese(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.

18.12018浙江卷6月语法填空】

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:陵、模拟检测

1.【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】Thoughmakingentrancefeescompulsorywillmakemuseums

lessaccessibletosome,manymuseumsdohavecertaindaysoftheweekwhen(admit)isfree.

2.［重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】Whenworkingwithanamountof(number),anabacusispractically

faster,sinceithasabettert4keyboard^^thantheWesterncalculators.

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fieldsofhumanintellectualdevelopment,justasthecomputerdoesintoday's(social).

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45.(consume)oftheentirebuilding.

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7.【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】Itisalsoimportanttonotethatthegreatest(amaze)ofthejourneyis

Chang'e5*slunarlandingsite-referredtoastheOceanofStorms-onthenearsideofthemoon,wherenoprobes(探

测器)havepaidavisitbefore.

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formerSovietmissions,sothenewsamplewillhelpfillinanimportantpieceofthepuzzleoftheMoon'shistory.

9.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】About80%ofChinesecharactersarecomposedofsmaller(part),

whicharecombinedinmanydifferentwaystoformtensofthousandsofhanzi.

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earth.

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andsee(star)falling.

12.【湖d匕省)I市2021届高三联考】Shanghaicultureisamazing,andthecityisfilledwithsmartpeople,dynamic

interactions,a(willing)tomoveandanappetiteforbeingmodemwhileembracingdiversityandcreatinga

businessfriendlyenvironment.

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landingsiteinSiziwangbanneroftheInnerMongoliaautonomousregionat1:59amonThursday,bringingbackthe

country'sfirstsamples_collectedfromthemoon,accordingtotheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration(CNSA).

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explorationprogramoforbitingandlanding,andbringingbacksamples,whichbeganin2004.

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(kind)andrespect.Hestoleourhearts.^^

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YellowRiverissignificanttothesustainable(develop)ofChinesenation.

18.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】Their(able)tolearniscompromised,andtheymayhavedifficulty

developingsocialskills.

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forher(achieve).

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WarIandtwiceduringWorldWarIL

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"heartbreaking”forathletes,coachesandfans,butheagreedthat“thiswastherightcall”.

26.【福建省厦门市2021届高三质检】Soinmanyofthesecultures,youshouldtakecareofwhatkindofeye

contactyouinitiatewiththosewhoareyour(superior)orinauthorityoveryou,sothatyouarenotthought

tobedisrespectfulorrude.

27.［福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检】InAug2019,Liangwonthegoldmedalatthe45thWorldSkillsCompetition

inElectronicsinKazan,Russia,whichisthebiggestvocationaleducationandskillsexcellenceeventintheworld,

organizedeverysecondyearbytheWorldSkillsInternationalwithanaimtoshowtheskillsandpromotecareer

of(young).

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29.【福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟】Theyfoundthatthe41.(benefit)ofjoggingaremaximizedwhen

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30.【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】Theoxisconsideredasymbolofdiligenceand(sincere).

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thinking,littlebylittle.

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thesquawksofalarmfromthe(adult),Dahlquistmanagedtoscoopupthechicksandputthembackinthe

nest.

33.【重庆市中学2021届高三模拟】InChina,(construct)hasbegunofthecountry'sfirstsolar

highway,inwhichsolarpanelsareplacedunderneathtransparentconcrete.

34.【重庆市中学2021届高三模拟】Thesolarhighwayisa2kmstretch(一段)ofroad(lie)on

theJinanCityExpressway,andifsdividedintothreelayers.

35.(重庆市中学2021届高三模拟】Thesee-throughconcreteprotectsasetofsolarpanelsoftwosize).

36.【山东省青岛市2021届高三质检】TaiChiprovidesthementalrelaxationandphysical(fit).

37.【山东省荷泽市2021届高三模拟】Quaedvlieg-Mihailovicis,whoheadstheheritagegroupEuropaNostra,

notedthe(important)ofsuchrespect.

38.【辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三模拟】In1956,WestVirginianativeMarianMcQuadewastryingtoplana

celebrationfortheelderly(member)ofhercommunity.

39.【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】Anotherbenefitofcyclingisthatyoumaybemorecreativeandfull

ofenergyonceyougettowork,whichwillimproveyour(perform).

40.【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】Itrunson(battery)andisprogramedtoreturntowhereitstarted

fromwhenitspassengergetsoff.

41.【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研［Accordingtothestudy,theaccidentsofforeignobjectsinchildrenisgenerally

attributedto(curious).

42.【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】Thisiswhymanytoyscontain(warn)aboutsmallparts.

43.【江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】Asaresult,itprovidesaterrificfull-bodyworkout,improving

coordination,flexibility,balanceandmuscle(strong).

44.【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】KatariaLaughterClubsarepoppingupinresponsetopeopledneed

tohandle(press).

45.【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】ThroughWesterncolorandChinesepaintingtechniques,Denghas

beenlookingforacrossingbetweenEasternandWesternart(style).

46.【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】Don'tdothisinanobviouswaybecausethisisannoying,butdoit

withouthisawarenessofyour(intend).

47.【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】Occupyhimwith(activity)andappointments.

48.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】DespitetheCOVID-19pandemic,Beijing2022reportedthat

(construct)ofcompetitionvenues(场馆)remainedontracktobecompletedbytheendofthisyear.

49.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】Asglobaltravelrestrictionsarelikelytoremainforthecomingmonths,

Beijing2022organizershavedecidedtocancelaseriesoftest(event).

50.【湖北省2021届高三模拟】Manycompetitorsspendbigmoneyto