组胚英语词汇 总结

序言Introductionhistology胚胎学embryology组织学developmentofhuman人体发生学fixation固定hematoxylin苏木精eosin伊红basophilia嗜碱性acidophilia嗜酸性neutrophilia中性confocallaserscanningmicroscope激光共聚焦显微镜electronmicroscope电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope透射电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope扫描电子显微镜histochemistry组织化学Feulgenreaction福尔根反应immunohistochemistry免疫组织化学insituhybridization原位杂交invitroculture体外培养testtubebaby试管婴儿invitrofertilizetionandembryontransfer体外受精与胚胎移植intractoplssmicsperminjection第二代试管婴儿clone克隆embryonicstemcell胚胎干细胞self-renew自我更新diffrentiation分化tissueengineering组织工程第一章cell细胞cellmembrane细胞膜unitmembrane单位膜fluid-mosaicmodel“液态镶嵌模型”integratedprotein整合蛋白peripheralprotein外周蛋白intrinsicprotein内在蛋白extrinsicprotein外在蛋白cellcoat细胞衣carrierprotein载体蛋白endocytosis胞吞作用phagocytosis吞噬作用exocytosis胞吐作用signaltransduction信息跨膜传导receptor受体cytoplasm细胞质cytosol细胞液cytoplasmicmatrix细胞基质organelles细胞器mitochondria线粒体elementaryparticle基粒ribosome核糖体polyribosome多聚核糖体endoplasmicreticulum,ER内质网roughendoplasmicreticulum,rER粗面内质网smoothendoplasmicreticulum,sER滑面内质网Golgicomplex高尔基复合体cisGolginetwork,CGN顺面高尔基网formingface生成面cisfaceoftheGolgicomplex顺面transfaceoftheGolgicomplex反面transGolginetwork,TGN反面高尔基复合体matureface成熟面lysosome溶酶体primarylysosome初级溶酶体secondarylysosome次级溶酶体peroxisome过氧化物酶体microbody微体centrosome中心体centrioles中心粒inclusions包涵物secretorygranule分泌颗粒glycogengranule糖原颗粒lipiddroplet脂滴cytoskeleton细胞骨架microfilament微丝actin球状肌动蛋白原microtubule微管tubulin微管蛋白intermediatefilament中间丝keratinfilament角蛋白丝desminfilament结蛋白丝vimentinfilament波形蛋白丝neurofilament神经丝neurogliafilament神经胶质丝nucleus细胞核nuclearenvelope核膜（核被膜）nuclearpore核孔chromatin染色质euchromatin常染色质heterochromatin异染色质chromosome染色体euchromosome常染色体sexchromosome性染色体Barrbody巴尔小体nucleosome核小体gene基因nucleolus核仁nuclearskeleton核骨架cellcycle细胞周期interphaseperiod分裂间期endcell终末细胞celldivision细胞分裂amitosis无丝分裂mitosis有丝分裂prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期meiosis减数分裂第二章Epithelialtissueepithelium上皮polarity极性coveringepithelium被覆上皮simplesquamous内皮mesothelium间皮simplecuboidalepithelium单层立方上皮simplecolumnarepithelium单层柱状上皮gobletcell杯状细胞mucinogengranule粘原颗粒simpleciliatedcolumnarepithelium单层纤毛柱状上皮pseudostratifiedcilatedcolunarepithelium假复层纤毛柱状上皮stratifiedsquamnousepithelium复层扁平上皮pseudostratifiedcolumnarepithelium假复层柱状上皮stratifiedsquamousepithelium复层扁平上皮stratifiedcolunarepithelium复层柱状上皮transitionalepithelium变移上皮glandularepithelium腺上皮exocrinegland外分泌腺endocrinegland内分泌腺acinus腺泡simplegland单腺compoundgland复腺protein-secretingcell蛋白质分泌细胞serouscell浆液性细胞glycoprotein-secretingcell糖蛋白分泌细胞mucoproteinmucin粘蛋白mucus粘液mucouscell粘液性细胞steroidsecretingcell类固醇分泌细胞microvillus微绒毛striatedborder纹状缘brushborder刷状缘terminalweb终末网cilium纤毛basalbody基体dynein动力蛋白celljuction细胞连接tightjuction紧密连接zonulaoccludens闭锁小带intermediatejuction中间连接zonulaadherens粘着小带desmosome桥粒maculaadherens粘着斑gapjunction缝隙连接communicationjunction通讯连接junctionalcomplex连接复合体basementmembrane基膜basallamina基板reticularlamina网板laminalucide透明层laminadensa致密层laminin粘连蛋白hemidesmosome半桥粒plasmamembraneinfolding质膜内褶第四章4cartilageandbonecatilage软骨hyalinecartilage透明软骨chondrocyte软骨细胞catilagelacuna软骨陷窝isogenousgroup同源细胞群cartilagecapsule软骨囊perichondrium软骨膜interstitialgrowth间质生长appositionalgrowth外加生长fibrouscartilage纤维软骨osseoustissue骨组织bonematrix骨基质osteocalcin骨钙蛋白osteopontin骨桥蛋白bonelamella骨板osteogeniccell骨原细胞osteonectin骨粘连蛋白osteoblast成骨细胞osteoid类骨质matrixvesicle基质小泡osteocyte骨细胞bonelacuna骨陷窝osteoclast破骨细胞ruffledborder皱褶缘bonemarrow骨髓spongybone骨松质compactbone骨密质circumferentiallamella环骨板osteon骨单位Haversiansystem哈弗系统Volkmanncanal福克曼管Performingcanal穿通管centralcanal中央管cementline粘合线Sharpey’sfiber夏皮纤维intertitiallamella间骨板periosteum骨外膜endosteum骨内膜intramembranousossifcation膜内成骨osteogenesis骨发生ossificationcenter骨化中心endochondralossification软骨内成骨bonecollar骨领第五章blood血液plasma血浆serum血清erythrocyte红细胞redbloodcell红细胞hemoglobin,Hb血红蛋白deformability形态的可变性erythrocytemembraneskeleton红细胞膜骨架spectrin血影蛋白hemolysis溶血ghost血影reticulocyte网织红细胞leukocyte白细胞whitebloodcell白细胞neutrophilicgranulocyte中性粒细胞neutrophil中性粒细胞eosinophilicgranulocyte嗜酸性粒细胞eosibophil嗜酸性粒细胞basophilicgranulocyte嗜碱性粒细胞basophil嗜碱性粒细胞monocyte单核细胞lymphocyte淋巴细胞thymusdependentlymphocyte胸腺依赖淋巴细胞bonemarrowdependentlymphocyte骨髓依赖淋巴细胞naturekillercell自然杀伤细胞bloodplatelet血小板granulomere颗粒区hyalomere透明区plateletderivedgrowthfactor,PDGF血小板源性生长因子thrombospondin凝血酶敏感蛋白hemopoiesis血发生redbonemarrow红骨髓yellowbonemarrow黄骨髓hemopoieticinductivemicroenvironment,HIM造血诱导微环境stromalcell基质细胞erythroblasticislet幼红细胞岛hemopoieticstemcell造血干细胞multipotentialstemcell多能干细胞spleencolony脾集落clone克隆colonyformingunit,CFU-S脾集落生成单位hemopoieticprogenitor造血祖细胞committedstemcell定向干细胞colonystimulatingfactor,CSF集落刺激因子erythropoietin,EPO红细胞生成素colonyformingunitgranulocytemonocyte,CFU-GM粒-单核细胞集落生成单位thrombopoietin血小板生成素proerythroblast原红细胞第六章6muscletissuemusclefiber肌纤维sarcolemma肌膜sarcoplasm肌浆myofilament肌丝skeletalmuscle骨骼肌endomysium肌内膜epimysium肌外膜perimysium肌束膜myofibril肌原纤维crossstriation横纹sarcomere肌节thickmyoflilament粗肌丝myosin肌球蛋白crossbridge横桥actin肌动蛋白tropomyosin原肌球蛋白troponin肌钙蛋白transversetubule横小管sarcoplasmicreticulum肌浆网longitudinaltubule纵小管terminalcisternae终池triad三联体cardiacmuscle心肌intercalateddisk闰管diad二联体smoothmuscle平滑肌caveola小凹densepatch密斑denasebody密体intermediatedfilament中间丝第七章nervetissue神经组织nervecell神经细胞neuroglialcell神经胶质细胞neuron神经元dendrite树突axon轴突excitablemembrane可兴奋膜ionicchannel离子通道voltage-gatedchannel电位门控通道chemically-gatedchannel化学门控通道perikaryon核周体Nisslbody尼氏体neurofibril神经原纤维neurotransmitter神经递质neuromodulator神经调质neurofilament神经丝cytoskeleton细胞骨架secretoryneuron分泌神经元dendriticspine树突棘spineapparatus棘器axonhillock轴丘axolemma轴膜axoplasm轴质axonaltransport轴突运输anterogradeaxonaltransport顺向轴突运输retrogradeaxonaltransport逆向轴突运输pseudounipolarneuron假单极神经元peripheralprocess周围突centralprocess中枢突bipolarneuron双极神经元multipolarneuron多极神经元sensoryneuron感觉神经元afferentneuron传入神经元motorneuron运动神经元efferentneuron传出神经元GolgitypeIneuron高尔基I型神经元GolgitypeIIneuron高尔基II型神经元interneuron中间神经元cholinergicneuron胆碱能神经元aminergicneuron胺能神经元aminoacidnergicneuron氨基酸能神经元peptidergicneuron肽能神经元synapse突触chemicalsynapse化学突触electricalsynapse电突触presynapticelement突触前成分synapticcleft突触间隙postsynapticelement突触后成分presynapticmembrane突触前膜postsynapticmembrane突触后膜synapticknob突触小体synapticbouton突触扣结synapticvesicle突触小泡synapsin突触素denseprojection锥体致密突起glialcell胶质细胞astrocyte星型胶质细胞fibrousastrocyte纤维性星型胶质细胞glialfilament胶质丝glialfibrillaryacidicprotin,GFAP胶质原纤维酸性蛋白protoplasmicastrocyte原浆性星型胶质细胞endfeet脚板gliallimitans胶质界膜neurotrophicfactor神经营养因子oligodendrocyte少突胶质细胞myelin-associatedglycoprotein,MAG髓磷质连结糖蛋白microglialcell小胶质细胞ependymalcell室管膜细胞ependyma室管膜tanycyte伸长细胞neurolemmalcell神经膜细胞Schwanncell施万细胞satellitecell卫星细胞nervefiber神经纤维myelinatednervefiber有髓神经纤维Ranviernode朗飞结internode结间体Schmidt-Lantermannincisure施-兰切痕myelin髓磷质nerve神经endoneurium神经内膜perineurium神经束膜perineuralepithelium神经束膜上皮epineurium神经外膜nerveganglion神经节cerebrospinalganglion脑脊神经节vegetativeganglion植物性神经节principalganglioncell主节细胞smallintenselyfluorescenecell,SIF细胞小强荧光细胞nerveending神经末梢sensorynerveending感觉神经末梢freenerveending游离神经末梢encapsulatednerveending有被膜神经末梢tactilecorpuscle,Meissner小体触觉小体lamellarcorpuscle,Pacinian小体musclespindle肌梭intrafusalmusclefiber梭内肌纤维motornerveending运动神经末梢somaticmotornerveending躯体运动神经末梢motorunit运动单位motorendplate运动终板neuromuscularjuction肌-神经连接visceralmotornerveending内脏神经末梢varicosity串珠样膨体brain脑spinalcord脊髓greymatter灰质whitematter白质cortex皮质Renshawcell任肖细胞pyramidalcell锥体细胞fusiformcell梭形细胞granularcell颗粒细胞horizontalcell水平细胞stellatecell卫星细胞basketcell篮状细胞molecularlayer分子层externalgranularlayer外颗粒层externalpyramidallayer外锥体细胞层internalgranularlayer内颗粒层internalpyramidallayer内锥体细胞层polymorphiclayer多形细胞层Purkinjecell浦肯野细胞molecularlayer分子层stellatecell卫星细胞basketcell篮状细胞Purkinjecelllayer浦肯野细胞层granularlayer颗粒层climbingfiber攀缘纤维mossyfiber苔藓纤维cerebellarglomerulus小脑小球duramater硬膜arachnoid蛛网膜piamater软膜perivascularspace血管周隙blood-brainbarrier,BBB血-脑屏障第八章8circulatorysystemcapillary毛细血管pericyte周细胞continuouscapillary连续毛细血管fenestrastedcapillary有孔毛细血管sinusoid血窦sinusoidcapillary窦状毛细血管discontinuouscapillary连续毛细血管capillarypermeability毛细血管通透性medium-sizedartery中动脉muscularartery肌性动脉tunicaintima内膜plasmalemmavesicle质膜小泡endothelin内皮素subenotheliallayer内皮下层internalelasticmembrane内弹性膜tunicamedia中膜tunicaadventitia外膜externalelasticmembrane外弹性膜largeartery大动脉elasticartery弹性动脉smallartery小动脉arteride微动脉venule微静脉postcapillaryvenule毛细血管后微静脉smallvein小静脉medium-sizedvein中静脉largevein大静脉valvesofvein静脉瓣microcirculation微静脉precapillaryarteriole毛细血管前微静脉metarteriole中间微静脉truecapillary真毛细血管precapillarysphincter毛细血管前括约肌thoroughfarechannel直捷通路arteriovenousanatomosis动静脉吻合vasavasorum营养血管neuropeotideY神经肽Yvasoactiveintestinalpeptide血管活性肠肽calcitoningene-relatedpeptide降钙素基因相关肽endocardium心内膜subendocardiallayer心内膜下层myocardium心肌膜cardiacskeleton心骨骼arterialnatriureticpeptide心房钠尿肽epicardium心外膜serousmembrane浆膜cardialvalve心瓣膜pacemakercell起搏细胞transitionalcell移行细胞Purkinjecell浦肯野纤维lymphaticcapillary毛细淋巴管lymphaticvessel淋巴管lymphaticduct淋巴导管第九章immunesystem免疫系统lymphoidorgan淋巴器官lymphoidtissue淋巴组织lymphocyte淋巴细胞nonselfcell异体细胞thymusdependentlympgocyte胸腺依赖淋巴细胞Thelpcell,Th辅助T细胞Tsuppresscell,Ts抑制T细胞Tcytotoxicity,Tc细胞毒T细胞targetcell靶细胞bonemarrowdependentlymphocyte骨髓依赖淋巴细胞plasmacell浆细胞largegranularlymphocyte,LGL大颗粒淋巴细胞killercell,K细胞杀伤细胞naturekillercell,NK细胞自然杀伤细胞reticulartissue网状组织microphage巨噬细胞interdigitatingcell交错突细胞folliculardendriticcell滤泡树突状细胞diffuselymphoidtissue弥散淋巴组织highendothelialvenule高内皮微静脉lymphoidnodule淋巴小结lymphoidfollicle淋巴滤泡germinalcenter生发中心primarylymphoidnodule初级淋巴小结secondarylymphoidnodule刺激淋巴小结centrallymphoidorgan中枢淋巴器官thymus胸腺bonemarrow骨髓bursaofFabricius腔上囊lymphoidstemcell淋巴干细胞peripherallymphoidorgan周围淋巴器官lymphnode淋巴结spleen脾tonsil扁桃体immuneresponse免疫应答lymphocyticactivation淋巴细胞活化cloneexpansion克隆增殖capsule被膜septum胸腺隔incompletelobules不完全小叶thymicstromalcell胸腺基质细胞thymocyte,T细胞胸腺细胞microenvironment微环境thymicepithelialcell胸腺上皮细胞keratinfilament角蛋白丝cortex皮质subcapsuleepithelialcell被膜下上皮细胞stellateepithelialcell卫星上皮细胞thymicnursecell胸腺哺育细胞apoptosis调亡medulla髓质medullaryepithelialcell髓质上皮细胞thymiccorpuscleepithelialcell胸腺小体上皮细胞thymiccorpuscle胸腺小体Hassall'scorpuscles哈塞尔小体thymopoietin胸腺生成素thymosin胸腺素blood-thymusbarrier血-胸腺屏障afferentlymphaticvessel输入淋巴管hilum淋巴结门efferentlymphaticvessel输出淋巴管trabecula小梁peripheralcortex浅层皮质germinalcenter生发中心darkzone暗区lightzone明区cap小结帽paracorticalzone副皮质区thymusdependentarea胸腺依赖区lymphoidsinus皮质淋巴窦subcapsularsinuses被膜下淋巴窦peritrabecularsinuses小梁周窦endothelialcell内皮细胞lymphoidcord淋巴索medullarycord髓索medullarysinus髓窦recirculationoflymphocyte淋巴细胞再循环spleen脾whitepulp白髓periarteriallymphaticsheath动脉周围淋巴鞘centralartery中央动脉spleniccorpuscle脾小结redpulp红髓splenicsinusoid脾窦spleniccord脾索marginalzone边缘区trabecularartery小梁动脉penicillararteriole笔毛微动脉pulparteriole髓微动脉sheathedarteriole鞘微动脉arterialcapillary动脉毛细血管pulpvenule髓微静脉trabecularvein小梁微静脉lymphoepithelialtissue淋巴上皮组织microfoldcell微皱褶细胞mononuclearphagocytesystem,MPS单核吞噬细胞系统第十章10skinepidermis表皮stratumbasale基底层keratinfilament角蛋白丝tonofilament张力丝stratumspinosum棘层lamellatedgranule板层颗粒stratumgranulosum颗粒层keratohyalingranule透明角质颗粒stratumcorneum角质层melanosome黑素体melanocyte黑素细胞melanin黑色素melaningranule黑素颗粒Langerhenscell朗格汉斯细胞Birbeckgranule伯贝克颗粒Merkel’scell梅克尔细胞dermis真皮papillarylayer乳头层reticularlayer网织层hypodermis皮下组织hair毛hairshaft毛干hairroot毛根hairbuld毛球hairfollicle毛囊hairmatrixcell毛母质细胞arrectorpilimuscle立毛肌sebum皮脂sebaceousgland皮脂腺sweatgland汗腺eccrinesweatgland外泌汗腺apocrinesweatgland顶泌汗腺nail指（趾）甲第十一章endocrinesystem内分泌系统hormone激素paracrine旁分泌targetorgan靶器官targencell靶细胞thyroidgland甲状腺follicle甲状腺滤泡colloid胶质thyroidhormone甲状腺激素parafollicularcell滤泡旁细胞calcitonin降钙素parathyroidgland甲状旁腺chiefcell主细胞parathyroidhormone甲状旁腺素acidophiliccell嗜酸性细胞adrenalgland肾上腺zonaglomerulosa球状带mineralocorticoid盐皮质激素aldosterone醛固酮zonafasciculata束状带glucocorticoid糖皮质激素cortisol皮质醇zonareticularis网状带chromaffincell嗜铬细胞epinephrine肾上腺素norepinephrine去甲肾上腺素hypophysis脑垂体parsdistalis远侧部chromophil嗜色细胞chromophobe嫌色细胞acidophil嗜酸性细胞somatotropiccell生长激素细胞somatotropin生长激素growthhormone,GH生长激素mammotropiccell催乳激素细胞mammotropin催乳激素prolactin催乳激素basophil嗜碱性细胞thyrotropiccell促甲状腺激素细胞thyrotropin促甲状腺激素thyroidstimulatinghormone,TSH促甲状腺激素corticotropiccell促肾上腺皮质激素细胞corticotropin促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotrophichormone,ACTH促肾上腺皮质激素lipotropichormone,LPH促脂素gonadotropiccell促性腺激素细胞folliclestimulatinghormone,FSH卵泡刺激素luteinizinghormone,LH黄体生成素interstitialcellstimulatinghormone,ICSH间质细胞刺激素parsintermedia中间部melanocytestimulatinghormone,MSH黑色素细胞刺激素parstuberalis结节部hypophysealportalsystem垂体门脉系统releasinghormone,RH释放激素releasinginhibitinghormone,RIH释放抑制激素Herringbody赫林体pituicyte垂体细胞antidiuretichormone,ADH抗利尿激素oxytocin缩宫素（催产素）vasopressin加压素pinealbody松果体pinealocyte松果体细胞melatonin褪黑激素synapticribbon突触带brainsand脑砂amineprecursoruptakinganddecarboxylationcell,APUDcell摄取胺前体脱羧细胞diffuseneuroendocrinesystem,DNES弥散神经内分泌系统第十二章12digestivetractmucosa粘膜laminapropria固有层musularismucosa粘膜肌层muscularis肌层adventitia外膜fibrosa纤维膜serosa浆膜filiformpapillae丝状乳头fungiformpapillae菌状乳头circumvallatepapillae轮廓乳头tastebud味蕾dentin牙本质dentialtubule牙本质小管dentinalfiber牙本质纤维odontoblast成牙本质细胞cementum牙骨质enamel釉质dentalpulp牙髓peridentalmembrane牙周膜gingival牙龈gastricarea胃小区gastricpit胃小凹surfacemucouscell表面粘液细胞fundicglan