无锡市锡山区锡东高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷

2023-2024学年度第二学期期中考试高一英语试卷考试时间：120分钟分值：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whathashappenedtotheriver?A.Thefishinithasdiedout.B.Ithasstoppedflowing.C.It’sgotbadlypolluted.2.Howdidthemanfindhiswayhome?A.Heturnedtoapoliceman.B.Hefoundthewayhimself.C.Hegothelpfromafriend.3.Whatwillthespeakersdiscuss?A.Anewplan. B.Airpollution. C.Waterpollution.4.Whyisthemannowlivingoutsideofthecity?A.Thetrafficinthecityisunbearabletohim.B.Heisusedtolivingoutsideofthecity.C.Thereisnofreshairinsidethecity.5.Wherewillthewomanputherplants?A.Inherbackyard. B.Inherwindow. C.Onherbalcony.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthezoo?A.Goodforanimals.B.Badforbothanimalsandhumans.C.Badforanimalsbutgoodforhumans.7.Whatdoesthemanthinkofcagesinzoos?A.Theycanprotectvisitorsfromdangerousanimals.B.Theyareusedtokeepanimalsfromescaping.C.Theyarenotnecessaryatall.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatisthemanupsetabout?A.Thedishes. B.Thebathroom. C.Thewoman’snails.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Roommates. B.Motherandson. C.Boyfriendandgirlfriend.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Famouscountries. B.Popularsports. C.Eco-tours.11.WhichactivityintheUSAisintroducedinthedialogue?A.Mountain-climbing. B.Bird-watching. C.River-rafting.12.Howmanycountriesarementionedinthedialogue?A.Three. B.Four. C.Five.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whoistheman?A.Awaiter. B.Ashopassistant. C.Amanager.14.Whatisthemangoodat?A.Talkingtoprettygirls.B.Dealingwithproblemcustomers.C.Helpingcustomersorder.15.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Talktohismanager. B.Getapart-timejob. C.Earnalittlemoney.16.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Findajob. B.Orderdishes. C.Givethemansometips.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Wheredidthespeakergetthenews?A.OnTV. B.Inthenewspaper. C.ThroughtheInternet.18.Whatisthespeakermainlytellingus?A.China’strafficdevelopment.B.China’scarproblems.C.China’spollution.19.Howmanycarsarethere?A.About20million.B.Almost140million.C.Nearly1,000million.20.HowwillthetrafficbeinChinainthefuture?A.Fewroadaccidentsthaninothercountries.B.Afastertrafficsystemwhichcostsless.C.Moreroadblockingthannow.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ALouisPasteuroncesaid,“Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.”That’sthetruthbehindthefollowinginventions—thescientistswerepreparedandwereabletoseethemagicinamistake.MauveIn1856WilliamPerkinwastryingtocomeupwithanartificialmedicine,buthisexperimentsproducedathickmess.ButthemorePerkinlookedatit,themorehesawabeautifulcolorinhismess.Itturnedoutthathehadmademauve,thefirst-eversyntheticdye（合成染料）.whichwasfarbetterthananynaturaldyes:thecolorwasbrighter,clearer,anddidn’tfadeorwashout.SuperglueThissuper-stickysubstancewasdiscoveredbyaccident—twice!ChemistHarryCooverhadbeenattemptingtomakeclearplasticgunsights,andin1942onemethodhetestedproducedanextremelyquickbondingadhesive（黏合剂）.Itwasuselessforhisgunsights,though.andheforgotaboutituntilalmosttenyearslater,whenhecameacrossitagainwhiledevelopingheat-resistantpartsforairplanes.Thistimeherealiseditspotential,andtheproductwasputonthemarket.PlasticIn1907,shellac（虫胶）wasusedinelectronics.Itwascostly,soAmericanchemistLeoHendrikBaekelandtriedtoproduceanalternative.Instead,hisexperimentsproducedamaterialthatcouldtakehightemperatures.Helaterdevelopeditintoplastic,anditwassoonusedintheproductionofalmosteverything.TeflonBackinthe1930s,YoungDuPontchemistRoyPlunkettwasworkingtomakeanewkindofCFCforrefrigeration.Afterstoringthegasincertaincontainers,heopenedonetodiscoverthatithadchangedintoawhitepowderthatwasextremelystickyandhadaveryhighmeltingpoint.Threeyearslater,thesubstance,whichwasnamedTeflon,waspatented.21.Whichinventioncameoutearliest?A.Mauve. B.Superglue.C.Plastic. D.Teflon.22.Whorecognizedthevalueofhisoriginalinventionwhendevelopingairplaneparts?A.WilliamPerkin. B.HarryCoover.C.LeoHendrikBaekeland. D.RoyPlunkett.23.Whatdotheinventionshaveincommon?A.Theyweremadebyaccident.B.Theycouldtakehightemperatures.C.Theyreceivednorecognitionatfirst.D.Theycouldbeusedinmedicalfields.BWashington,DC—Inapressconferencetoday,theNationalGalleryofArtwillsharegroundbreakingnewfindingsaboutJohannesVermeer（1632~1675）tobeexploredintheexhibitionof“Vermeer’sSecrets”,openingonOctober8.ThesefindingsledateamofprofessorsandscientistsworkingtogethertodeterminethatthepaintingGirlwithaFlutewasmadebyapartnerofVermeer—notbytheDutchartisthimself,aswaspreviouslybelieved.Thischallengesthelong-heldbeliefthathewasalonegeniusand,instead,assumeshimasaninstructortothenextgenerationofartists.InpartbecauseVermeer’scollectionofworkscontainsonlyabout35acceptedpaintings,professorshavegenerallyconsidereditunlikelythathehadstudentsorpartners.Withnosurvivingdocumentstoprovideevidenceofaworkshop,itwasbelievedthathemusthaveworkedalone.TheexistenceofotherartistsworkingwithJohannesVermeerisperhapsoneofthemostsignificantnewfindingsabouttheartisttobediscoveredindecades.ItchangesthoroughlythepopularunderstandingofVermeer,buildingondecadesofresearchandusingadvancedscientifictechnologytoexposeexcitingdiscoveriesthataddnewknowledgetothesecretartist.“IamunbelievablyproudoftheteamofNationalGallerystaffwhoworkedtogethertostudythesepaintings,”saidKaywinFeldman,directoroftheNationalGalleryofArt.OnviewthroughJanuary8,“Vermeer’sSecrets”offersaudiencesabehind-the-scenelookathowNationalGalleryprofessorsandscientistsstudiedthemuseum’sfourtreasuredpaintings—aswellastwo20th-centuryfake（假的）copies—tobetterunderstand“whatmakesaVermeeraVermeer”.ResearchalsoledscientiststodeterminethatVermeer’sGirlwiththeRedHatwasmadeataturningpointintheartist’scareer.TheyrecognizedGirlwiththeRedHatasakeyworkthatpointstoVermeer’slatestyle.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph3referto?A.ThataworkmateofVermeerworkedonGirlwithaFlute.、B.Thatateamofdevotedprofessorsandscientistsworkedtogether.C.ThatVermeerwasaloneinstructortothenextgenerationofartists.D.ThatthereisnosurvivingevidenceofVermeerowningaworkshop.25.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thepropertyoftheresearch.B.Theprocessofthenewresearch.C.ThepraisefromKaywinFeldman.D.Thesignificanceofthenewfinding.26.Whywastheexhibitionof“Vermeer’sSecrets”held?A.ToguideustoenjoyVermeer’spaintings.B.ToofferusabetterunderstandingofVermeer.C.Toshowusaloneandfamiliarpaintinggenius.D.TogiveusaninsightintoDutchartofpainting.27.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Whateffectsthenewfindingshaveonthepreviousviews.B.WhetherGirlwiththeRedHatwascreatedbyVermeeralone.C.HowGirlwiththeRedHatisdifferentfromGirlwithaFlute.D.WhyGirlwiththeRedHatmarkedaturningpointinVermeer’scareer.CComfortfoodmakesapersonfeelgood.Foodhighinsugarorfattendstoimprovemoodbystimulatingthebrain’srewardsystem.Soitmakessensethatmanyofusmayturntofoodforcomfortintimesofstress.There’ssomefascinatingresearchthatexaminesfoodasasourceofcomfort.However,themostinterestingthingaboutthisresearchmaybethatfoodsarefarlesscomfortingthanwetendtobelievetheyare.TraciMann,aprofessorofpsychology,andcolleaguesconductedaseriesofstudieswithcollegestudents.Theresearchersexaminedhowmuchcomfortfoodsactuallyimprovemood.Theyprovidedstudentswithoneofthethreefoodsthattheyhadindicatedweretheirtop,personalcomfortfoods.Afterproducinganegativemoodbyhavingthemwatchmovieclipsdesignedtoincreasetheirsadness,angerandanxiety,theresearchersofferedthestudentstheircomfortfood.Theyhadtoassess（评估）howtheyfeltbeforeandaftertheyweresupposedlycomfortedbyicecream,pizzaorwhatevertheyhadindicatedtheytypicallyatetofeelbetter.Allofthestudentscompletedthestudyontwoseparateoccasions:oncewhentheywereabletoeattheircomfortfoodandoncewhentheywereabletoeatanotherfoodtheyliked,buttheywouldn’tcallacomfortfood.Theresearchersfoundthatcomfortfooddidimprovestudents’moods—butonlybyalittlebitandnotmorethantheotherfoodtheyliked.Inanotherstudy,comfortfoodwascomparedtonofoodatall,andstudents’moodsseemedtoimproveevenwhentheydidn’teatanything—mostlikelyjustduetothepassageoftime.Thetake-homemessagefromthestudies?Whilethecomfortfoodmaymakethepersonfeelbetterforthetimebeing,itdoeslittletoaddressemotionalproblems.Ofcourse,everyonecanindulge（纵情）inacomfortfoodfromtimetotime,butoverall,aimfortheseinstancestobetheexceptionratherthantherule.28.WhichaspectofcomfortfooddoTraciMann’sstudiesfocuson?A.Themeansbywhichitaffectsmood.”B.Itsroleinreducingnegativity.C.Theextenttowhichitliftsmood.D.Itsimpactonphysicalhealth.29.Howwerethestudiescarriedout?A.Bycomparison. B.Byobservation.C.Byanalysis. D.Bycollectingdata.30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Toexplainarule. B.Tointroduceaconcept.C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeasuggestion.31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.FeelingNegative?TryComfortFoodB.ComfortFoodMayNotDoWondersC.TheSciencebehindComfortFoodD.ComfortFoodTendstoBeUnhealthyDNobodylikestofail.Itmakespeoplefeelembarrassedanddiscouraged.What’sworse,itmaycausemajorprofessionalorpersonaltroubleandleadtonegativity.Basically,failureisnofunformostpeople.However,avastbodyofresearchtellsusthatfailureprovidesuswithachancetogrowanddevelop,increasesadaptability,andhelpsprotectagainstanxiety.It’shardtochangethemindset（心态）ofalifetime.Butevenifwestillcan’tgetoverthebrokenmarriageorthefailedCollegeEntranceExaminationortheworkpresentationthatwentfearfullywrong,itmightnotbetoolateforourkids.ChristyPennison,aprofessionalconsultant,sayssheworkswithanincreasingnumberofkidsandteenswhoshowsignificantanxietyaroundafearoffailure.Shesaid,“Wewanttoprotectourchildren,andwewantthemtolivehappyandmeaningfullives,sowefrequentlytellthemtheharmoffailureandaskthemtoavoidfailure.Thechildrenexperiencinginternalandsometimesexternalpressurethinktheyshouldn’tfail.Meanwhile,wealwayshavehighexpectationsofthem.Sowhentheydon’tliveuptoacertainstandard,orthingsdon’tgoaccordingtotheplans,theywillfeelupsetandanxious.”Pennisonarguesthatfailuresareoftenthehiddenlearningchancesthatcanhelppeopledeveloppositivequalities,likepersistence,focus,flexibility,paticnce,andpositiveself-image.Sowhatcanparentsdotohelptheirchildrenembrace（拥抱）failureinsteadofavoidingitatallcosts?Pennisonsuggestsdirectingpraisetowardstheeffort,nottheresult.“Thisallowschildrentobuildconfidenceinthemselves,”sheexplains.“Recognizingtheeffortcangivechildrenpermissiontotrynewthingswithoutafearoffailure.Andthebiggerpictureisthatthedevelopmentofthemindset—‘I’drathertryandfailthannottryatall.’—helpsthemkeepbeliefinthemselves,andexpandstheirworldofpossibilities.”AsPennisonpointsout,weallfail,buthowwegetupafterwefailiswhatmatters.32.Whataspectdomostpeoplefocusonwhenthinkingoffailure?A.Thegreatcouragetofaceit.B.Theeffortsmadetodealwithit.C.Unexpectedbenefitsitbrings.D.Unpleasantsideeffectsitbrings.33.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A.Bringupthemaintopic.B.Listthechallengesinourlife.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Stresstheimportanceofthemindset.34.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthethirdparagraph?A.Thecausesofchildren’sanxiety.B.Theeffectsofoverprotectingchildren.C.ChristyPennison’scommentsonadolescents.D.ChristyPennison’sexperienceineducatingchildren.35.Whichofthefollowingadvicecanhelpparentsencouragekidstofacefailure?①Praisekids’everyachievement.②Makekidsembraceabrightmindset.③Focusontheprocessofkids’effort.④Expandkids’knowledgeabouttheworld.⑤Encouragekidstomakenewattempts.A.①②④ B.②③④ C.②③⑤ D.①③⑤第二节七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）AsmyhusbandandIdrovedownacountryroad,wepassedafirestationwithasignthatread.“Areyoureadyforthenextstorm?”OurareahadjustbeeninthepathofHurricaneIrma,causingdownedtreesandpoweroff.36Wehavehadourshareofstormsinthepast—asnowstormandotherheavysnowsthatknockeddowntrees,sometimesuptoaweekatatime.Thosedaysweren’tfun,butwelearnedsomuchfromthoseearlystorms.Itmadelaterstormseasiertobear.37Weboughtabattery-operatedradiotokeepupwiththenews.Westockeduponbatteriessothatwe’dhaveplentyforextendedpowerfailures.Wemakesureourgrillisreadyanditstankisfull,andwepurchasefoodthatcanbeeasilypreparedandthencookedorheatedonthegrill.38Wehavebooklightstoreadinthedark.Wekeepourcargastanksfullandhaveemergencycashonhand.We’rereadyforthenextstorm,butwewouldn’thavelearnedtodoallthosethingsifwehadn’tfacedastorminthepast.Thesameistruespiritually.Thoselittlestormsinourlivesareneverfun,buttheyprepareusforthebigtrialscomingtous.39Areyoureadyforthenextstorm?40AThankstoallthosestorms.E.Theycanteachussomevaluablelessons.C.Yowisthetimetogetready.D.Howlongdoyouthinkthisstormwilllast?E.Wewerestuckinthedarkandcutofffromtheoutsideworld.F.Nowwehavestoredasmanynecessitiesaspossibleincaseofpotentialstorms.G.Andwedon’tforgettobuyemergencychocolate!第三部分语言知识运用（满分55分）第一节完型填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）TravellingtoaEuropeancountrywithmymotherwasexciting.However,itwouldnotbe41withoutfacingproblemsandfiguringthemout.Wehadjuststartedtoget42withtheParissubwaysystem.Thususingitwasverydifficult.Wewerewalkingataslowpaceuntilwe43thesubwaywasabouttoleave.AssoonasI44,thedoorsshutwithmymomontheotherside.Ididnothavemycellphone,neitherofusspokeawordofFrench,andwehadnoideahowto45eachother.MymomandI,whowereboth46,begantopound（猛击）onthedoors.Suddenly,amanwithaverypuzzledlookonhisfacewalkedovertothedoorsandsimply47them.Mymomsteppedonandwehuggedasifwe48forthefirsttimeinyears.Ahugesenseof49washedoverus,followedbyembarrassment.50,mymomandIwereableto51thevictoriesoffindingdestinations.Webegantofamiliarizeourselveswiththeneighborhood,52findingourfavouritebreakfastcafe,andwalkingtomuseumsandback.ThetriptoPariswas53.Ittaughtmeitisunavoidabletoruninto54whentryingtoexploreanunfamiliararea,but55youcontinuetowork,youwillimprove.41.A.beneficial B.typical C.practical D.complete42.A.content B.familiar C.bored D.popular43.A.guessed B.realized C.recalled D.felt44.A.goton B.spedup C.startedoff D.fellover45.A.comfort B.encourage C.remind D.contact46.A.shocked B.regretful C.anxious D.embarrassed47.A.unlocked B.destroyed C.closed D.repaired48.A.survived B.reunited C.responded D.communicated49.A.shame B.anger C.relief D.peace50.A.Suddenly B.Eventually C.Thankfully D.Naturally51.A.expect B.miss C.record D.celebrate52A.suchas B.insteadof C.ratherthan D.apartfrom53.A.important B.disappointing C.unforgettable D.fruitless54.A.challenges B.arguments C.fights D.dangers55.A.unless B.until C.if D.since第二节短文语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）Forthepasttwentyyears,ChenHuili,aculturalheritagemonitorandguide,hasdevotedherselfto56（protect）thecarvingsoftheYuanjueCave,partoftheDazuRockCarvingsinChongqing,57wereaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin1999.While58（show）visitorsaround,Chenbecamepainfullyawareoftheseriousdamagetothecave59（cause）bythepassageoftime.Theflat-roofedcavelackedsomethingtosupportitsweight.Asaresult,theceiling（顶部）wascomingoffinpieces,posingagreatthreattothepricelesscarvings.Withrelatedknowledgeandgreateagerness60（save）thesculptures,Chenjoinedtheprotectioncenter.61timewentby.Chen’sexperiencegrewandeventuallyshedevelopedheruniqueapproachtoprotectingculturalheritage.She62（involve）inanumberofmajorprojectssofar,includingtheeight-yearrestorationoftheThousand-ArmedAvalokitesvara.Andwithherteam’shardefforts.63（effect）measuressuchashydraulicironframes（液压铁架）havenowsuccessfullybeenintroducedtosupporttheroofoftheYuanjueCave.64herremarkableachievements,Chenremainsunsatisfied.Inheropinion.it’shighlynecessary65（improve）theroleoftechnologyinculturalheritageprotectionandtrainyoungtalentsforthisfield.ForChen,YuanjueCavewillremainafocusandshebelievestherewi