历年大学英语六级真题及答案

95-08历年大学英语六级真题及答案(完整版)

2007年6月23日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled

ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?Youshouldwriteatleast

150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.有人做好事期望得到回报；

2.有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；

3.我的观点。

ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyand

answerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

SevenStepstoaMoreFulfillingJob

Manypeopletodayfindthemselvesinunfulfillingworksituations.Infact,oneinfour

workersisdissatisfiedwiththeircurrentjob,accordingtotherecent"Plansfor2004”

survey.Theircareerpathmaybefinanciallyrewarding,butitdoesn'tmeettheir

emotional,socialorcreativeneeds.They'restuck,unhappy,andhavenoideawhatto

doaboutit,exceptmovetoanotherjob.

MaryLynMiller,veterancareerconsultantandfounderoftheLifeandCareerClinic,

saysthatwhenmostpeopleareunhappyabouttheirwork,theirfirstthoughtistoget

adifferentjob.Instead,Millersuggestslookingatthepossibilityofadifferentlife.

Throughherbook,8MythsofMakingaLiving,aswellasworkshops,seminarsand

personalcoachingandconsulting,shehashelpedthousandsofdissatisfiedworkers

reassesslifeandwork.

LikethewayofZen,whichincludesunderstandingofoneselfasonereallyis,Miller

encouragesjobseekersandthosedissatisfiedwithworkorlifetoexaminetheir

beliefsaboutworkandrecognizethat“inmanycasesyourbeliefsarewhatbrought

youtowhereyouaretoday.^^Youmayhavebeenraisedtothinkthatwomenwerebest

atnurturingandcaringand,therefore,shouldbeteachersandnurses.Sothat'swhat

youdid.Or,perhapsyouwerebroughtuptobelievethatyoushoulddowhatyour

fatherdid,soyouhavetakenoverthefamilybusiness,orbecomeadentist^ustlike

dad."Ifthissoundsfamiliar,it'sprobablytimetolookatthenewpossibilitiesfor

yourfuture.

Millerdevelopeda7-stepprocesstohelppotentialjobseekersassesstheircurrent

situationandbeliefs,identifytheirrealpassion,andstartonajourneythatallows

themtopursuetheirpassionthroughwork.

Willingnesstodosomethingdifferent.

Breakingthecycleofdoingwhatyouhavealwaysdoneisoneofthemostdifficult

tasksforjobseekers.Manyfinditdifficulttosteerawayfromacareerpathormakea

change,evenifitdoesn'tfeelright.Millerurgesjobseekerstoopentheirmindsto

otherpossibilitiesbeyondwhattheyarecurrentlydoing.

StciCommitmenttobeingwhoyouare,notwhoorwhatsomeonewantsyouto

be.

Lookatthe\giftsandtalentsyouhaveandmakeacommitmenttopursuethosethings

thatyoulovemost.Ifyoulovethesocialaspectsofyourjob,butarestuckinsidean

officeor"chainedtoyourdesk“mostofthetime,vowtofollowyourinstinctand

investigatealternativecareersandworkthatallowyoumoretimetointeractwith

others.Dawnworkedasamanagerforalargeretailclothingstoreforseveralyears.

Thoughshehadadvancedwithinthecompany,shefeltfrustratedandlongedtobe

involvedwithnatureandtheoutdoors.Shedecidedtogotoschoolnightsand

weekendstopursuehertruepassionbyearninghermaster'sdegreeinforestry.She

nowworksinthebiotechforestrydivisionofamajorpapercompany.

Step3Self-definition

Millersuggeststhatoncejobseekersknowwhotheyare,theyneedtoknowhowto

sellthemselves.uInthejobmarket,youareaproduct.Andjustlikeaproduct,you

mostknowthefeaturesandbenefitsthatyouhavetoofferapotentialclient,or

employer.^^Examinetheskillsandknowledgethatyouhaveidentifyhowtheycan

applytoyourdesiredoccupation.Yourqualitieswillexhibittoemployerswhythey

shouldhireyouoverothercandidates.

St<Attainalevelofself-honoring.

Self-honoringorself-lovemayseemlikeanoddstepforjobhunters,butbeingableto

acceptyourself,withoutjudgment,helpseliminateinsecuritiesandwillmakeyou

moreself-assured.Byacceptingwhoyouare-allyouremotions,hopesanddreams,

yourpersonality,andyouruniquewayofbeing-you'llprojectmoreconfidence

whennetworkingandtalkingwithpotentialemployers.Thepowerofself-honoring

canhelptobreakallthefalsehoodsyouwereprogrammedtobelieve-thosethat

madeyoufeelthatyouwerenotgoodenough,orstrongenough,orintelligentenough

todowhatyoutrulydesire.

Step三Vision.

Millersuggeststhatjobseekersdevelopavisionthatembracestheanswerto“What

doIreallywanttodo?”oneshouldcreateasolidstatementinadozenorsosentences

thatdescribeindetailhowtheyseetheirliferelatedtowork.Forinstance,the

secretarywholongstobeanactressdescribesalifethatallowshertoexpressherlove

ofShakespeareonstage.Arealestateagent,attractedtohiscurrentjobbecauseher

lovesfixingupoldhomes,describesbuyingpropertiesthatneedalittletenderloving

caretomakethemmoresaleable.

Step6:Appropriaterisk.

Somephilosophersbelievethatthewaytoenlightenmentcomesthroughfacing

obstaclesanddifficulties.Oncepeoplediscovertheirpassion,manyaretooscaredto

doanythingaboutit.Instead,theydonothing.Withthisstep,jobseekersshould

assesswhattheyarewillingtogiveup,orrisk,inpursuitoftheirdream.Forone

workingmom,thatmeanttakingnightclassestolearnnewcomputer-aideddesign

skills,whilestillearningasalaryandkeepingherdayjob.Forsomeoneelse,itmay

meanquittinghisorherjob,takingoutloanandgoingbacktoschoolfulltime.You'll

moveonestepclosertoyouridealworklifeifyouidentifyhowmuchriskyouare

willingtotakeandthesacrificesyouarewillingtomake.

Step7：Action.

Someteachersofphilosophydescribeactioninthisway,“Ifonewantstogettothe

topofamountain,justsittingatthefootthinkingaboutitwillnotbringonethere.Itis

bymakingtheeffortofclimbingupthemountain,stepbystep,thateventuallythe

summitisreached/9Alltoooften,itisthelackofactionthatultimatelyholdspeople

backfromattainingtheirideals.Creatingaplanandtakingitonestepatatimecan

leadtonewanddifferentjobopportunities.Job-huntingtasksgainaddedmeaningas

yousensetheirimportanceinyourquestforamoremeaningfulworklife.Theplan

canincluderesearchingindustriesandoccupations,talkingtopeoplewhoareinyour

desiredareaofwork,takingclasses,oracceptingvolunteerworkinyourtargeted

field.

Eachofthesestepswillleadyouonajourneytoahappierandmorerewardingwork

life.Afterall,itisthejourney,notthedestination,thatismostimportant.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Accordingtotherecent“Plansfor2004"survey,mostpeopleareunhappywith

theircurrentjobs.

2.MaryLynMiller'sjobistoadvisepeopleontheirlifeandcareer.

3.MaryLynMillerherselfwasoncequitedissatisfiedwithherownwork.

4.Manypeoplefinditdifficulttomakeuptheirmindswhethertochangetheir

careerpath.

5.AccordingtoMaryLynMiller,peopleconsideringchangingtheircareersshould

committhemselvestothepursuitof.

6.Inthejobmarket,jobseekersneedtoknowhowtosellthemselveslike

7.Duringaninterviewwithpotentialemployers,self-honoringorself-lovemay

helpajobseekertoshow.

8.MaryLynMillersuggeststhatajobseekerdevelopavisionthatanswersthe

question“”

9.Manypeoplearetooscaredtopursuetheirdreamsbecausetheyareunwillingto

10.Whatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheiridealsis.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeasked

aboutwhatsaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.

Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefour

choicesmarkedA)B)C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A)Surfingthenet.

B)Watchingatalkshow.

C)Packingabirthdaygift.

D)Shoppingatajewelrystore.

12.A)Heenjoysfindingfaultwithexams.

B)Heissureofhissuccessintheexam.

C)Hedoesn'tknowifhecandowellintheexam.

D)HeusedtogetstraightA'sintheexamshetook.

13.A)Themanisgenerouswithhisgoodcommentsonpeople.

B)Thewomanisunsureiftherewillbepeaceintheworld.

C)Thewomanisdoubtfulaboutnewspaperstories.

D)Themanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.

14.A)Studyforsomeprofession.

B)Attendamedicalschool.

C)Stayinbusiness.

D)Sellhisshop.

15.A)Moremoney.

B)Fairtreatment.

C)Acollegeeducation.

D)Shorterworkhours.

16.A)Shewasexhaustedfromhertrip.

B)Shemissedthecomfortsofhome.

C)ShewasimpressedbyMexicanfood.

D)ShewillnotgotoMexicoagain.

17.A)Cheerherselfupabit.

B)Findamoresuitablejob.

C)Seekprofessionaladvice.

D)Takeapsychologycourse.

18.A)Hedressesmoreformallynow.

B)Whathewearsdoesnotmatchhisposition.

C)Hehasignoredhisfriendssincegraduation.

D)Hefailedtodowellatcollege.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Togosightseeing.

B)Tohavemeetings.

C)Topromoteanewchampagne.

D)Tojoininatrainingprogram.

20.A)Itcanreducethenumberofpassengercomplaints.

B)Itcanmakeairtravelmoreentertaining.

C)Itcancutdowntheexpensesforairtravel.

D)Itcanlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.

21.A)Tookbalancedmealswithchampagne.

B)Atevegetablesandfruitonly.

C)Refrainedfromfishormeat.

D)Avoidedeatingrichfood.

22.A)Manyofthemfounditdifficulttoexerciseonaplane.

B)Manyofthemwereconcernedwiththeirwell-being.

C)Notmanyofthemchosetodowhatshedid.

D)Notmanyofthemunderstoodtheprogram.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Atafair.

B)Atacafeteria.

C)Inacomputerlab.

D)Inashoppingmall.

24.A)Thelatestcomputertechnology.

B)Theorganizingofanexhibition.

C)Thepurchasingofsomeequipment.

D)Thedramaticchangesinthejobmarket.

25.A)Datacollection.

B)Trainingconsultancy.

C)Corporatemanagement.

D)Informationprocessing.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,

youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly

once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoice

markedA)B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2with

asinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Improvethemselves.

B)Getridofemptydreams.

C)Followtheculturaltradition.

D)Attemptsomethingimpossible.

27.A)Byfindingsufficientsupportforimplementation.

B)Bytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytochange.

C)Byconstantlykeepinginmindtheirultimategoals.

D)Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.

28.A)lbshowpeoplehowtogettheirlivesbacktonormal.

B)Toshowhowdifficultitisforpeopletoloseweight.

C)Toremindpeopletocheckthecaloriesonfoodbags.

D)Toillustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirgoals.

PassageTwo

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29.A)Michael'sparentsgotdivorced.

B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson.

C)Karen'smotherdiedinacaraccident.

D)Atruckdriverlosthislifeinacollision.

30.A)Heranaredlightandcollidedwithatruck.

B)Hesacrificedhislifetosaveababygirl.

C)Hewaskilledinstantlyinaburningcar.

D)HegotmarriedtoKaren'smother.

31.A)Thereportedheroturnedouttobehisfather.

B)Hedidnotunderstandhisfathertilltoolate.

C)Suchmisfortuneshouldhavefallenonhim.

D)Itremindedhimofhismiserablechildhood.

PassageThree

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.A)Germany.

B)Japan.

C)TheU.S.

D)TheU.K.

33.A)Bydoingoddjobsatweekends.

B)Byworkinglonghourseveryday.

C)Byputtinginmorehourseachweek.

D)Bytakingshortervacationseachyear.

34.A)Tocombatcompetitionandraiseproductivity.

B)Toprovidethemwithmorejobopportunities.

C)Tohelpthemmaintaintheirlivingstandard.

D)Topreventthemfromholdingasecondjob.

35.A)Changetheirjobs.

B)Earnmoremoney.

C)Reducetheirworkinghours.

D)Strengthenthegovernment'srole.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageis

readforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthe

passageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumbered

from36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44

to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcan

eitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyour

ownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheck

whatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Nursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalse

impressionthatnursesaretheretowaitonthephysician.Asnurses,weare(36)

toprovidenursingcareonly.Wedonothaveanylegalormoral(37)

toanyphysician.Weprovidehealthteaching,(38)physicalas

wellasemotionalproblems,(39)patient-relatedservices,andmakeallof

ournursingdecisionsbaseduponwhatisbestorsuitableforthepatient.If,inany(40)

,wefeelthataphysician'sorderis(41)orunsafe,wehavea

legal(42)toquestionthatorderorrefusetocarryitout.

Nursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.Allnursesareawareofthat

beforetheyentertheprofession.Theemotionalandphysicalstress.However,that

occursduetooddworkinghoursisa(43)reasonforalotofthecareer

dissatisfaction.(44).Thatdisturbsour

personallives,disruptsoursleepingandeatinghabits,andisolatesusfromeverything

exceptjob-relatedfriendsandactivities.

Thequalityofnursingcareisbeingaffecteddramaticallybythesesituations.(45)

.Consumersofmedicallyrelatedservices

haveevidentlynotbeenaffectedenoughyettodemandchangesinourmedical

system.Butiftrendscontinueaspredicted,(46)

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincomplete

statements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcomplete

statementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet

2.

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Googleisaworld-famouscompany,withitsheadquartersinMountainView,

California.ItwassetupinaSiliconValleygaragein1998,andinflated(月彭胀)with

theInternetbubble.Evenwheneverythingarounditcollapsedthecompanykepton

inflating.Google'ssearchengineissowidespreadacrosstheworldthatsearch

becameGoogle,andgooglebecameaverb.Theworldfellinlovewiththeeffective,

fascinatinglyfasttechnology.

GoogleowesmuchofitssuccesstothebrillianceofS.BrinandL.Page,butalsotoa

seriesoffortunateevents.ItwasPagewho,atStanfordin1996,initiatedthe

academicprojectthateventuallybecameGoogle'ssearchengine.Brin,whohadmet

Pageatastudentorientationayearearlier,joinedtheprojectearlyon.Theywereboth

Ph.D.candidateswhentheydevisedthesearchenginewhichwasbetterthantherest

and,withoutanymarketing,spreadbywordofmouthfromearlyadoptersto,

eventually,yourgrandmother.

Theirbreakthrough,simplyput,wasthatwhentheirsearchenginecrawledtheWeb,it

didmorethanjustlookforwordmatches,italsotallied(统计)andrankedahostof

othercriticalfactorslikehowwebsiteslinktooneanother.Thatdeliveredfarbetter

resultsthananythingelse.BrinandPagemeanttonametheircreationGoogol(the

mathematicaltermforthenumber1followedby100zeroes),butsomeonemisspelled

thewordsoitstuckasGoogle.Theyraisedmoneyfromprescient(有先见之明的)

professorsandventurecapitalists,andmovedoffcampustoturnGoogleintobusiness.

Perhapstheirbiggeststrokeofluckcameearlyonwhentheytriedtoselltheir

technologytoothersearchengines,butnoonemettheirprice,andtheybuiltitupon

theirown.

Thenextbreakthroughcamein2000,whenGooglefiguredouthowtomakemoney

withitsinvention.Ithadlotsofusers,butalmostnoonewaspaying.Thesolution

turnedouttobeadvertising,andit'snotanexaggerationtosaythatGoogleisnow

essentiallyanadvertisingcompany,giventhatthat'sthesourceofnearlyallits

revenue.Todayitisagiantadvertisingcompany,worth$100billion.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。一

47.Apartfromaseriesoffortunateevents,whatisitthathasmadeGoogleso

successful?

48.Google'ssearchengineoriginatedfromstartedbyL.Page.

49.HowdidGoogle'ssearchenginespreadallovertheworld?

50.BrinandPagedecidedtosetuptheirownbusinessbecausenoonewould

51.TherevenueoftheGooglecompanyislargelygeneratedfrom.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),

B),C),andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butit

doesn'tfeelgood.Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?

Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)

SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodemclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentin

thehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold“threatened

nearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote."Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.

Obviouslyitisnotofours."AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreat

Depressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthad

averaged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Through

advertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn'treallywantor

need.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,

governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdown

becausepeopleinstinctively-andwrongly-labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessary

evil.”

It'softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillor

fallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich-overpaidchiefexecutives,for

instance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople'sincomesareincreasing.

From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to

$43,200.peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheir

risingwants-forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternet

connections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjob

stabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthas

eroded.Moreworkersfearthey'vebecome"thedisposableAmerican,asLouis

Uchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,the

arrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopian(乌托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoa

point,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlesphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peopleare

betteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheir

citizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthat

disturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryone

canchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatit

predestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathave

anti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity(月巴月辛症).

Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuit

ofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluent

Society?

A)Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B)Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness.

C)Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D)Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

53.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause.

A)publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpected

B)thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C)theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D)materialismhasrunwildinmodemsociety

54.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

A)Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B)Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C)Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweenther5ichandthepoor.

D)Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

55.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican^^(Line3,Para.5)?

A)Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B)Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C)PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D)Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

56.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

A)Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B)Asenseofself-fulfillment.

C)Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D)Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theuseofdeferential(敬重的)languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthe

woman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsa

womanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedsto

thoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,

masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodesty

anddelicacy;she“treadssoftly(谨言慎行)intheworld,“elevatingfemininebeauty

andgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothe

femininelinguistic(语言的)ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential

“women's"forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknowas"men'

s.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryinthe

Japanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen'slanguage.Indeed,wedidn't

hearabout"men'slanguage“untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'appropriationof

formsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe

“corruption“ofwomen'slanguage-whichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossof

feminineidealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwide

opinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyof

thehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubt

somethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto^^一afterall,itis

assignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbe

takentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone'ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemight

wellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseor

imitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls'useofahigh-pitched

voicetodo"teachertalk"or"mothertalk“inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresign

ofchange-ofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynota

signofthe“masculization“ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsare

makingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfrom

sayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine."KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirls

nowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompete

withboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositions

forwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsare

participatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike

“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated"or"hip”speech.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail.

A)thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen

B)theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan

C)thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamilies

D)thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow

58.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday'syoungJapanesewomen?

A)Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior;

B)Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.

C)Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.

D)Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.

59.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen'sappropriationofmen'slanguageformsas

reportedintheJapanesemedia?

A)