国家公共英语(四级)笔试模拟试卷71(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷71(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.ListeningComprehension2.UseofEnglish3.ReadingComprehension4.WritingSectionIListeningComprehension(30minutes)Directions:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.ThereareTHREEpartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhave5minutestotransfePARTADirections:ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearaconversation.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.听力原文：Presenter:GoodeveningandwelcometoIssueforToday.OurtopictonightisexperimentonanimalsandtostartthediscussionwehaveastronglyarguedappealfromJeffSachsoftheanimal’srightsorganizationAnimalAid.NowJeff,what’sallthefussabout?Afterall,85percentofdoctorssupportexperimentsonanimals.Jeff:Thisisfirstandforemostamoralquestion.Whatkindofpeoplearewe?Ashumans,weliveinasocietywhichprotectstherightsoftheweak.Wetakecareofthesick,theoldandthedisabledandpunishthosewhoareviolenttoothers.Butwealsohaveadarker,cruelside.Ibelievethatweexperimentonanimalsbecausetheyarepowerlesstostopus,andwecounttheirpainasunimportantwhenmeasuredagainstourowninterests.Weliveunhealthylivesandmakeanimalssufferinthesearchforcuresforourillnesses.Weevenseetheproductionofanewlipstickasagoodenoughreasontoinflictpainonanimals.It’snotthatwethinkanimalscan’tfeelpain--weknowverywellthattheydo.Andit’sdangeroustosaythatweuseanimalsinexperimentsbecausetheylackourintelligence.Afterall,thisargumentwouldallowustoexperimentonmentallyhandicappedhumans.Animalshavefeelings.Likeus,theycansufferpain,fearandmentalagony.Likeus,eachhasalifetolive.Arat’slifeisimportanttoarat,whatevervalueahumanmayplaceonit.Whyshouldoneindividualanimalbemadetosufferforthesupposedbenefitsofpeople?Isitrighttokillonehumanbeinginanexperimenttosavethousandsofothers?Whatifthathumanbeingwereyou?Presenter:Yeah,well,thankyou.Now,let’shearwhatyou,theaudience,andyouathomethink...1．正确答案：Issue解析：节目主持人在第一句就说“GoodeveningandwelcometoIssueforToday．”，说明IssueforToday是节目名称。注意Issue的拼写以及第一个字母大写。2．正确答案：85%解析：根据“Afterall，85percentofdoctorssupportexperimentsonanimals．”得出答案。句子中出现各类承接词时要特别注意，上下文往往是考点所在。3．正确答案：moral解析：嘉宾是动物救助组织的人物，讨论的话题是用动物做实验，所以内容有一定的特殊性。他第一句话就点出“这实际上是个道德问题。”所以答案是moral。4．正确答案：powerless解析：根据嘉宾观点“Weexperimentonanimalsbecausetheyarepowerlesstostopus，”可知答案是powerless。5．正确答案：feelings解析：嘉宾的观点是：动物和人一样，是有感觉的，后面又用事实“likeus，theycansufferpain，fearandmentalagony．Likeus，eachhasalifetolive．Arat’slifeisimportanttoarat，whatevervalueahumanmayplaceonit”补充了自己的论点。PARTBDirections:ForQuestions6-10,youwillhearapassage.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandthequestionsbelow.听力原文：W:Goodafternoon,everyone.InthelastofthisseriesofHighSchoolForumwearediscus-singtheproblemofunemploymentandhowitwillchangethelivesofouraudience.What’stheopinionoftheyoung?Let’saskouraudience,John?M1:Well,I’mgoingtostudybusinessatcollege.Yousee,Idon’tthinkthattheunemploymentproblemwillgetanybetter.Ithinkit’llprobablygetworseandIwantajob...W:Doyouthinkthatbusinessstudieswillhelp?M1:Ohyes,it’lldefinitelyhelp;Imean,it’sverypracticalsubject.W:Thankyou,John.Whatareyougoingtodo,Thomas?M2:Idon’tknow.Yousee,mybrotherleftuniversityfouryearsagoandhestillhasn’tfoundajob,soIdon’tthinkhe’llstayhere.W:So,where’llhego?M2:Well,he’llprobablygotoAmerica.Hesaystherearelotsofjobsthere.IthinkI’llgowithhim.W:Thankyou,Thomas.Whataboutyou,Steven?M3:I’mgoingtobeateacher.W:Yousoundverydefinite.Doyouthinkunemploymentwillgetbetter?M3:No,Idon’tbutthere’llalwaysbejobsforteachers.Youknow,whenpeoplecan’tfindjobs,theystayonatschool,sothey’llneedteachers.W:Thankyou,Steven.Andyou,Simon?M4:Well,Ithinktheproblemwillgetbetter.Idon’tthinkwe’lleverhavefullemploymentagain,butIthinktherewillbemorejobsinsomesubjects,likecomputers.W:Soyouwanttoworkwithcomputers?M4:Yes,I’mgoingtotakeacomputertrainingcourse.I’llprobablystartitthissummer,andI’lldefinitelygetajobafterwards.W:That’sverygood.Peter,you’renotsooptimistic,areyou?M5:Well,Iwon’tgetajob,willI?It’sdepressing.Youknow,myfriendscan’tfindjobsnow,andthere’llbeevenfewerjobswhenIleave.W:Thankyou,Peter.6．WhatwouldJohnstudyatcollege?正确答案：business解析：从对话中两个句子“Well，I’mgoingtostudybusinessatcollege．”和“Doyouthinkthatbusinessstudieswillhelp?”中可以判断他要学business。7．WherewouldThomasprobablygo?正确答案：America解析：因为他哥哥找不到工作，所以“he’llprobablygotoAmerica．Hesaystherearelotsofjobsthere．IthinkI’llgowithhim．”，因此可知他也要去America。8．WhatWouldStevendo?正确答案：beateacher解析：说他要成为老师，因为“Idon’tbutthere’llalwaysbejobsforteachers．Youknow，whenpeoplecan’tfindjobs，theystayonatschool，sothey’llneedteachers．”。此处teacher重复多次，利于考生判断。9．AccordingtoSimon,whatkindofjobhasmorepleasantfuture?正确答案：computer解析：当问及什么工作前景较好时，Simon说“butIthinktherewillbemorejobsinsomesubjects，likecomputers．”，下文再次重复computer的信息。10．WhatdidPeterthinkaboutjob-hunting?正确答案：It’sdepressing解析：整篇短文在讨论失业问题，所以最后问Peter对找工作有何看法时，Peter说“It’sdepressing．Youknow，myfriendscan’tfindjobsnow，andthere’llbeevenfewerjobswhenIleave．”，因此答案是It’sdepressing。PARTCDirections:Youwillhearthreedialoguesormonologues.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhave5secondstoreadeachofthequestionswhichaccompanyit.Whilelistening,answereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Afterlistening,youwillhave10secondstocheckyouranswertoeachquestion.YouwillheareachpieceONLYONCE.听力原文：Japanesepeople,whonevermissachancetobephotographed,werelininguptogettheirpictureonapostage-stamp.VanitystampsthatfeaturepersonalphotographswentonsaleforthefirsttimeinJapanaspartofaninternationalpostagestampexhibition.Thecustomer’sphotoistakenwithadigitalcameraandthenprintedonstampsheets,aprocessthattakesaboutfiveminutes.Soldinasheetof10stampsfor＄8.80,littlemorethanthecostoflunchinTokyo,eachstampfeaturesadifferentscenefromatraditionalukiyo-ealongwiththephoto.Thestampscanbeusednormallytomailaletter,andpostalofficialshopetheywillhelppromoteinterestinletter-writingintheInternetage.“Certainlye-mailisausefulmethodofcommunication,butlettersarefuninadifferentway,”saidanofficialinthePostsMinistry.“Wewanttoshowyoungpeoplethatletterscanbefuntoo.”WhilesimilarstampsheetsdebutedinAustraliain1999andarenowsoldinsome12nationsandterritories,Japan’sfondnessforcommemorativephotosislikelytomakethemespeciallypopularhere.Indeed,officialshadprepared1,000sheetsbuttheyweresoldoutinlessthan30minutes.Althoughthestampsarecurrentlyonlyavailableasaspecialserviceduringtheexhibition,postalofficialssaidtheymightstartsellingthemonaregularbasisinthefuture.11．Whatdoeseachvanitystampcost?A．＄8.80B．＄0.88C．＄10D．＄5正确答案：B解析：数字运算题。十张邮票为一版，共＄8.8，那么每张邮票就是＄0.88了。12．Whataretheusageofthesevanitystamps?A．Theycanbeusednormallytomailaletter.B．Theycanonlybeusedforexhibition.C．Theyareusedtoattractmoretourists.D．Theyareusedtopostonfamousbuildings.正确答案：A解析：细节辨认题。文中提到“作为日本国际邮展的内容之一，日本首次发售了印有个人照片的自费邮票。”但这不是邮票的用处，后面又提到“这些邮票可以像普通邮票一样用来寄信。”13．WhydoesJapanprintvanitystamps?A．BecausetheJapaneseliketakingphotographs.B．BecausetheJapaneselikewritingletterstoeachother.C．BecausetheJapanesepostalofficialswanttoprintaspecialstamptocatchworldwideattention.D．BecausetheJapanesepostalofficialshopethesestampswillhelppromoteinterestsinletter-writing.正确答案：D解析：细节题，文中明确提到答案“andthepostalofficialshopetheywillhelppromoteinterestinletter-writingintheInternetage”，后面官员又补充说“butlettersarefuninadifferentway”。听力原文：W:Today,weinviteMr.SonderimtotalksomethingaboutEuro.Mr,Sonderim,couldyoutellustheoriginoftheEuro?M:Well,the1992MaastrichtTreatyproposedasinglecurrencybetweentheEuropeanUnion.Theparticipatingcountriesdecidedonthename“Euro”atasummitinMadridin1995andthecurrencywaslaunchedonJanuary1,1999.W:Whatisitworth?M:WhentheEurowaslaunchedin1999,oneEurowasworth1.17USdollarsor71Britishpence.However,theweaknessoftheEurozoneeconomiescomparedwiththatoftheUnitedStates,combinedwiththeinexperienceoftheEuropeanCentralBankindealingwiththeinternationalmarkets,hasmeantthatsinceitslaunchthevalueoftheEurohaddeclinedsignificantly.InDecember2001,oneEurowasworthlittlemorethan89centsor63pennies,a20percentdroponitsinitialvalue.W:Doyouthinkitwillaffectthedailylifeofordinarypeople?M:Isupposeso.Forexample,oneofthemajorheadachesforparticipatingcountrieshasbeentheconversionofpublictelephones,vendingmachines,andshoppingtrolleystoacceptEurocoins.Althoughaconversionprocesshasbeeninfullswingsincebefore1999,therearereportsthatsomecountriesarenotreadyfortheEuro.W:Sowhatdoesitlooklike?M:TherearesevennotesdesignedbytheAustrianartistRobertKalina.Thedesignsshowthe“sevenages”ofEuropeandevelopment,withwindowsandgatewaysonthefront,andbridgesontheback.Inaddition,thereareeightcoinsdesignedbytheBelgianartistLucLuycx.AllEurocoinsareround,buthavedifferencesincomposition,weight,thickness,andmillingtoensurethattheblindcaneasilydistinguishbetweenthem.OnthefrontthereisaEuropeandesign,commontoallcoins,andonthebacka“national”designfromthecentralbankofissue.Despitethe“nationalidentities”,allcoinscanbespentthroughouttheEurozoneregardlessoftheirorigin.14．Whenwaseurolaunched?A．1992B．1995C．1999D．2001正确答案：C解析：本题问欧元的启动时间，只要听清哪个时间发生了什么就行，考试时应养成记笔记的习惯。15．Whydidtheworthofeurodrop?A．ItdroppedduetotheweaknessoftheeurozoneeconomiesandtheinexperienceoftheEuropeanCentralBankindealingwiththeinternationalmarkets.B．PeopleinmostEuropeancountriesrefusedtouseeuroinsteadoftheirowncurrency.C．Counterfeitersmadealotoffakenotessincepeoplewerenotfamiliarwiththenewcurrency.D．Somecountriesarenotreadyfortheeuro.Theystoppedusingeuroindailypurchasing.正确答案：A解析：本题问币值下降原因，此题难度较大，干扰项较多，只有结合听力内容才能得到明确的答案。16．Whyaretheeightcoinsofeurodifferentincomposition,weight,thickness,andmilling?A．Becauseeachnationwantstokeepitscharacteristics.B．Becausetheyaredesignedbydifferentartistsfrom8countries.C．Becauseitwillenabletheblindtodistinguishbetweenthemeasily.D．BecauseDenmarkandothercountrieswanttohavetheirowncoins.正确答案：C解析：解此题应该发挥逆向思维的能力，找出四个选项中那个与其他三项不同的选项，这种解题方法在很多时候都能奏效。听力原文：M:Ithinkthatintermarriageisagoodidea.Afterall,wearelivinginacosmopolitancountry.Wehavesomanydifferentraceslivingtogetherpeacefully,don’twe?Itisnothingnewtous,andIfeelthatintermarriagewillworkout.W:Personally,Ifeelthatitisnotaverysoundidea.Itisdifficultfortwopeopleofentirelydifferentreligionstoliveandsharealifetogether.Theywillfacesomanyproblemsthatitwouldbebetteriftheydon’tgetmarriedinthefirstplace.M:Ofcoursetherewillbeproblems.Eventwopeopleofthesamereligionhaveproblems.Itisthesameinthiscase,exceptthatitwillbeslightlymoredifficult,Iguess.W:Iagreewithyou,Henry.Naturally,therewillbeargumentsandpersonaldifferences.Marriagethrivesonagive-and-takepolicy,soacouplewillhavetolearntoadapttoeachother’scustomsandtraditions.M:That’sright.Marriedpeopleshouldbemoretoleranttowardseachotherandbewillingtolearnabouteachother’sreligion.Onlythencanunderstandingandacceptancebeachievedultimately.W:Youtalkasifitwereverysimple.Itisn’t,youknow.Ishouldknow,asIamachildofamixedmarriage.M:Allright,youtelluswhyitisnotsuchagoodidea.W:Yousee,Henry,itdependsontheindividualsconcerned.Iftwopeopleofdifferentreligionsmarry,theyshouldbepreparedfortheconsequences.Itisonlyaftermarriagethatthevastdifferencesintheculturesbegintoshow.Littlethings,fromfoodandclothestobiggeraspectslikereligiousbeliefs,tendtoclash,leadingeventuallytoarift.Besides,thiswillbeeitherpersonalprideorthereluctancetoaccepttheother’sviews.Itmayleadtoabiggapbetweentheparents,andtheirchildrenmaysufferalotinbetween.M:Youhaveapointthere,butIcanalsotellyouofseveralsuchcoupleswhoarelivinghappilytogether.W:Isupposethatyouareright.Intermarriagecanleadtohappinessorsorrow,dependingonhowitishandled.17．Whichwordmaybestdescribetwospeakers’positionsonintermarriage?A．ComparisonB．ContrastC．CausalityD．Bias正确答案：B解析：归纳题。关于跨文化、跨国籍的婚姻话题，男女交谈一开始就有不同意见。男的认为是个好主意，女的则认为不合适，所以答案选B。此题的关键要理解sound(合理的、好的)的意思。18．Whydoesmarriageusuallythriveconcerningcustomsandtraditions?A．Onagive-and-takepolicyB．Beyondagive-and-takepolicyC．Inthemannerofeachother’sadaptationD．Duetoreligiousbeliefs正确答案：A解析：因果题，夫妻间应该互相妥协，这是维持良好夫妻关系的根本。19．Theculturaldifferencesarise______.A．attheweddingB．beforeintermarriageC．afterpeoplegetmarriedD．untilrecently正确答案：C解析：参见“Itisonlyaftermarriagethatthevastdifferencesintheculturesbegintoshow．”，可知C符合题意。20．Whatnegativeeffectsmaytheintermarriagemostprobablycause?A．AquickdivorceB．CulturalshockC．AbiggapbetweenparentsandchildrenD．Muchsufferinginchildren’sminds正确答案：D解析：通婚或许导致父母之间的巨大隔阂，他们的子女也许夹在中间受害，所以D是正确答案。SectionIIUseofEnglish(15minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.Everyoneknowsthattaxationisnecessaryinamodernstate:【21】______it,itwouldnotbepossibletopaythesoldiersandpolicemenwhoprotectus;【22】______theworkersingovernmentofficeswho【23】______ourhealth,ourfood,ourwater,andall【24】______thingsthatwecannotdoforourselves.By【25】______oftaxation,wepayforthingsthatweneedas【26】______asweneedsomewheretoliveandsomethingtoeat,Inmostcountries,adirecttaxonpersons,【27】______iscalledincometax,exists.Itisarrangedinsuchawaythatthepoorestpeoplepay【28】______,andthepercentageoftaxgrowsgreaterasthetaxpayer’s【29】______grows.InEngland,forexample,thetaxonhe【30】______peoplegoesupashighasninety-fivepercent!Butcountrieswithdirecttaxationnearlyalwayshave【31】______taxationtoo.Manythingsimportedintothecountryhavetopaytaxesor“duties”.【32】______,itisthemenandwomenwhobuytheimportedthingsintheshopswhoreally【33】______paytheduties,inthe【34】______ofhigherprices.Insomecountries,too,thereisatax【35】______thingssoldintheshops.Ifthemostnecessarythingsaretaxed,alotofmoneyiscollected,butthepoorpeoplesuffer【36】______.Ifunnecessarythingslikejewelsandfurcoatsaretaxed,【37】______isobtained,butthetaxisfairer,asthe【38】______payit.Probablythislastkindofindirecttax,【39】______withadirectonincomeswhichislowforthepoorandhighfortherich,is【40】______arrangement.21．【21】A．becauseofB．insteadofC．withD．without正确答案：D解析：本句意为“没有了它，就不可能付钱给保护我们的士兵和警察。”22．【22】A．soB．norC．notD．all正确答案：B解析：nor“也不能”，本句意为“也不能支付政府办公室里的工作人员”。23．【23】A．lookafterB．sympathizeC．considerD．see正确答案：A解析：lookafter“照料”，本句意为“照顾我们的健康、食物和水的政府工作人员”。sympathize“同情”，consider”考虑”，see“看见”。24．【24】A．otherB．othersC．theotherD．many正确答案：A解析：allotherthings“所有其他的东西”，固定用法。25．【25】A．meanB．meansC．ameansD．themeans正确答案：B解析：means“途径”，bymeansof“通过”，固定用法。26．【26】A．manyB．wellC．moreD．much正确答案：D解析：asmuchas“与…一样多”，本句意为“我们为我们需要的东西付钱，就像我们需要地方居住，需要东西来吃一样”。27．【27】A．whichB．whatC．thatD．it正确答案：A解析：空后的句子是一个非限制性定语从句，用来修饰“adirecttaxonpersons”，所以应当选which做引导词。28．【28】A．alotB．mostC．nothingD．more正确答案：C解析：从后面一句话“随着纳税人收入的增长，纳税百分比也随之增长”可以推断出，最穷的人支付的就当最少。29．【29】A．incomeB．populationC．taxD．amount正确答案：A解析：income“收入”。这句话的意思是“随着纳税人收入的增长…”，population“人口”，tax“税”，amount“数额”。30．【30】A．poorB．workingC．richD．richest正确答案：D解析：本句意为“富人的税率增长了95%”。31．【31】A．noB．incomeC．indirectD．direct正确答案：C解析：indirect“间接”。本句意为“但是征收直接税的国家一般总是会有间接税。”32．【32】A．HoweverB．SoC．OfcourseD．Bychance正确答案：C解析：ofcourse“当然”。本句意为“当然，实际上是那些购买商店里的进口商品的人需要支付税款。”so“因此”，however“但是”，bychance“偶然”。33．【33】A．havetoB．willC．arewillingtoD．should正确答案：A解析：haveto“必须”，will“会”，bewillingto“愿意”，should“应当”。34．【34】A．wayB．formC．nameD．terms正确答案：B解析：intheformof“以…的形式”，本句意为“以更高价格的形式”。没有inthewayof的搭配，inthenameof“以…的名义”，intermsof“在…方面”。35．【35】A．aboutB．onC．forD．form正确答案：B解析：“对…的税收”，介词用on。36．【36】A．leastB．highlyC．lessD．most正确答案：D解析：本句意为“如果最为必要的东西，会征收很多钱，但是穷人将损失最多”。37．【37】A．lessmoneyB．moremoneyC．fewermoneyD．mostmoney正确答案：A解析：本句意为“如果对像珠宝和皮衣一类的非必需品征税，得到的钱更少些”。38．【38】A．peopleB．poorC．richD．country正确答案：C解析：本句意为”但是纳税会更公平，因为富人会支付”。39．【39】A．includingB．alongC．dealingD．and正确答案：B解析：alongwith“和，与…一起”，including“包括”，dealingwith“涉及，与…有关”，and“和”。40．【40】A．thebestB．theworstC．goodD．better正确答案：A解析：本句意为“这是最好的安排”。SectionIIIReadingComprehension(60minutes)PartBDirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Sixyearslater,inanabout-face,theFBIadmitsthatfederalagentsfiredteargascanisterscapableofcausingafireattheBranchDavidiancompoundnearWaco,Texasin1993.Buttheofficialsaidthefiringcameseveralhoursbeforethestructureburstintoflames,killing80peopleincludingtheDavidians’leader,DavidKoresh.“Inlookingintothis,we’vecomeacrossinformationthatshowssomecanistersthatcanbedeemedpyrotechnicinnaturewerefired—hoursbeforethefirestarted,”theofficialsaid.“Deviceswerefiredatthebunker,notatthemainstructurewheretheDavidianswerecampedout.”TheFederalBureauofInvestigationmaintainsitdidnotstartwhatturnedtobeaseriesoffieryburstsofflamesthatendeda51-daystandoffbetweenbranchmembersandthefederalgovernment.“Thisdoesn’tchangethebottomlinethatDavidKoreshstartedthefireandthegovernmentdidnot,”theofficialsaid.“Itsimpleshowsthatdevicesthatcouldprobablybeflammablewereusedintheearlymorninghours.”ThelawenforcementofficialsaidthecanisterswerefirednotatthemainstructurewheretheDavidianmemberswerecampedoutbutatthenearbyundergroundbunker.Theybouncedoffthebunker’sconcreteroofandlandedinanopenfieldwell,theofficialsaid.Thecanisterswerefiredataround6a.m.,andthefirethatdestroyedthewoodencompoundstartedaroundnoon,theofficialsaid.Theofficialalsoaddedthatotherteargascanistersusedbyagentthatdaywerenotflammableorpotentiallyexplosive.WhileCoulsondeniedthegrenadesplayedaroleinstartingthefire,hisstatementmarkedthefirsttimethatanyU.S.governmentofficialhaspubliclycontradictedthegovernment’spositionthatfederalagentsusednothingonthefinaldayofthesiegeatWacothatcouldhavesparkedthefirethatengulfedthecompound.ThecauseofthefieryendisamajorfocusofanongoinginquirybytheTexasRangersintotheWacosiege.41．TheFBIofficialhasNOTadmittedthat______.A．thecanisterswerefiredatthemainstructureB．thecanisterswerefiredhoursbeforethefirestartedC．federalagentsfiredteargascanisterscapableofcausingafireD．otherteargascanistersthatwerenotflammableorpotentiallyexplosivewerealsoused正确答案：A解析：根据文中“thelawenforcementofficialsaidthecanisterswerefirednotatthemainstructure—butatthenearbyundergroundbunker．”这一句可以看出A是他没有承认的内容，而B，C和D都在文中有直接或间接的体现。42．Fromthepassage,whatinformationcanbeinferredabouttheeventin1993?A．ThecompoundwasblownupbytheFBIagents.B．Thecompoundburstintoflamesatdawn.C．Thefederalgovernmentbesiegedthecompoundfor51daysbeforethetragedyoccurred.D．About80peoplewerekilledintheeventexcepttheDavidians’leader,DavidKoresh.正确答案：C解析：庄园毁于大火，而非爆炸，因此A是错误的；“thefirethatdestroyedthewoodencompoundstartedaroundnoon”表示时间是中午而非早晨，因此B是错误的；从“killing80peopleincludingtheDavidians’leader，DavidKoresh”来看，D是错误的；“flamesthatendeda51-daystandoffbetweenbranchmembersandthefederalg43．Afterreadingthepassage,howmuchdoyouknowaboutthecompoundnearWaco?A．About51peoplelivedinthecompoundatthetimeoftheeventin1993.B．Itconsistedofamainstructureandabunker.C．Itwasbuiltofstone.D．Itwasaschoolhouse.正确答案：B解析：在大火中有80人丧生，因此居住在庄园里的人肯定不止51个，所以A是错误的；“thefirethatdestroyedthewoodencompoundstartedaroundnoon”，可见其为木质结构，而非石制，因此C是错误的；“thecompoundnearWaco”是BranchDavidian的居住地，从文中无法得出其为校舍的结论，因此D是不正确的；文中多处提到mainstructure和bunker，因此B为正确答案。44．Coulson’sspeechhas______.A．madethematterevenmorecomplicatedandconfusingB．beenapprovedbythegovernmentC．metsharpcriticismD．broughtthewholematterintobroaddaylight正确答案：A解析：从文中看来，Coulson一方面承认FBI探员向庄园发射了可能导致火灾的催泪弹，另一方面坚持说火灾不是这些催泪弹引起的，使整个事件变得更加扑朔迷离，因此A是正确的。45．Theattitudeofthenarratortowardsthismessageis______.A．neutralB．bitterC．excitedD．expectant正确答案：D解析：文中叙述者的口气比较平淡，倾向于中立，但about-face等词的使用体现了对此事的关心和希望进一步揭露事实真相的态度，因此D是正确的。其他三个选项都不能准确地体现叙述者的心情。Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisone,whichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomething,whichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionisthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsininevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandforoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.46．Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto______.A．argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocietiesB．smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocietiesC．distinguishbetweentwokindsofoppositionD．summarizethecharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation正确答案：C解析：从作者对conflict和competition的定义可以看出，他的目的在于说明这两种对立的不同之处，所以正确答案应当为C。47．Accordingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat______.A．itresultsinwarinmostcasesB．itinduceseffortstoexpandterritoryC．itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentitiesD．itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence正确答案：D解析：本题所涉及的相关信息在文章的第三段。在这一段中，作者将动物和人的竞争做了一个比较，指出那种为生存而进行的斗争是竞争而不是冲突，所以竞争和冲突的区别在于，前者是为了生存而进行的必要的不可避免的斗争。由此可见，正确答案应当为D。48．Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans______.A．betrayeachotherB．harmoneanotherC．helptocollaboratewitheachotherD．benefitoneanother正确答案：B解析：理解这句话必须联系上下文。在文章的前面提到，冲突和竞争是两种对立，所以C选项说“他们相互合作”，D选项说“他们相互有利”，都是不正确的；而A选项说他们“相互背叛”，也不符合题意，因此只有选项B是恰当的。49．Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict______.A．isaninevitablestruggleresultingfromcompetitionB．reflectsthestruggleamongsocialanimalsC．isanoppositionamongindividualsocialentitiesD．canbeavoided正确答案：D解析：从文章的最后一句话“……尽管竞争是不可避免的，但我们不能说国家之间的冲突是不可避免的”，于是我们可以判断正确答案应当为D。50．Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion”______”.A．Iswarinevitable?B．Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?C．Isconflictdesirable?D．Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?正确答案：A解析：综合全文，可以看到作者通过对竞争和冲突的对比，说明的是文章开头提出的那个问题，即“Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitable...”，所以这一题的正确答案应当为A。Howefficientisoursystemofcriminaltrial?Doesitreallydothebasicjobweaskofit—convictingtheguiltyandacquittingtheinnocent?ItisoftensaidthattheBritishtrailsystemismorelikeagamethanaseriousattempttodojustice.Thelawyersoneachsidearesoengrossedinplayinghardtowin,challengingeachot