直接引语和间接引语语法市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

直接引语和间接引语（DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech）第1页

直接引述他人原话，叫直接引语。用自己话转述他人话，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下组成宾语从句。直接引语普通前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。比如：MrBlacksaid,“I’mbusy.”

布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”（直接引语）MrBlacksaidthathe

wasbusy.布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）第2页1

陈说句（Statements）直接引语假如是陈说句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作响应改变。在这首先，汉语和英语有许多相同之处，所以在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要尤其注意句子意义。第3页人称改变(1)Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthathe

likeditverymuch.（2）Hesaidtome,“Ibroke

yourCDplayer.”→Hetoldmethathe

hadbrokenmyCDplayer.第4页2)时态改变普通现在时→普通过去时

Hesaid,”I’mafraidI

can’tfinishedthework.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecould’tfinishedthework.现在进行时→过去进行时Hesaid,“I’musingtheknife.”Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.现在完成时→过去完成时Shesaid,“I’venotheard

fromhimsinceMay.”Shesaidthatshe

hadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.第5页普通过去时→过去完成时Hesaid,“I

cametohelpyou.”Hesaidthathe

hadcome

tohelpme.过去完成时不变

Hesaid,“Ihadfinshedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”Hesaidthathe

hadfinshed

hishomeworkbeforesupper.普通未来时→过去未来时Shesaid,“I’lldoitafterclass.”Shesaidthatshewould

doitafterclass.第6页3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词改变

this→that（这个→那个）

Shesaid,“I’llfinshtheworkthismorning.”Shesaidthatshewouldfinshtheworkthatmorning.

these→those（这些→那些）

Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.

now→then（这时→那时）

Hesaid,“It’snineo’clocknow.”Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.

第7页today→thatday（今天→那天）

Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.

yesterday→thedaybefore（昨天→前一天）

Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.第8页tomorrow→thenext/followingday（明天→第二天）Shesaid,“I’llgotheretomorrow.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext/followingday.ago→before（以前）Shesaid,“Heleft30minutes

ago.”Shetoldmethathehadleft30minutes

before.第9页here→there（这里→那里）Hesaid,“Mysisterwashereoneweekago.”Hesaidthathissisterhadbeenthereoneweekbefore.come→go（来→去）Shesaid,“I’llcomeherethisevening.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.第10页2疑问句（Questions）直接引语假如是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈说句语序（主语在谓语前面），句末用逗号，主语人称、时态和状语等也要作对应改变。第11页普通疑问句：直接引语假如是普通疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。主句中谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语，能够加一个间接宾语（me,him或us等）。如：Heasked,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”Heasked(me)ifIwasinterestedinEnglish.Hesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight?”Heasked(me)whetherIhadseenhimthenightbefore.

第12页特殊疑问句：直接引语假如是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来疑问词引导。而且变疑问语序为陈说语序，改问号为句号。引述动词惯用ask,wanttoknow,wonder等。如：“WhatcanIdoforyou?”heaskedmeHeasked(me)what

he

coulddoforme.第13页Heasked,“Where

doesshelive?”Heasked

where

shelived.Maryaskedhim,“Why

doyoualwayscomesolate?”Marywantedtoknow

why

healwayscameso

late.第14页注意：以ShallI/we或Will/Would/Could开头疑问句变为间接引语时，往往要依据意思灵活转述。表示请求、劝说时，惯用“ask+宾语+不定式”，即：asksb.todosth.表示提出帮助时，惯用“offer+不定式”，即：offertodosth.e.g.“Willyouhelpmewithmyhomework?”heaskedRichard.HeaskedRichardto

helphimwithhishomework.“ShallIbringyousometea?”heaskedme.Heofferedto

bringmesometea.第15页3祈使句（Imperatives）

转述祈使句时，要将祈使句动词原形变为带to不定式，并在不定式前面依据句子意思加上tell,ask,order等动词，假如祈使句为否定式，在不定式前面加not。即：tell/ask/ordersb.(not)todosth.比如：

Shesaidtous,“Pleasesitdown.”Sheaskedustositdown.。

Hesaidtohim,“Goaway!”Heorderedhimtogoaway.第16页Mothersaidtome,“Comebackbefore10:00.”Mothertoldmetocomebackbefore10:00.Hesaid,“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”Hetoldtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.第17页注意：（1）直接引语假如是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.“