英语二下册常考句子与重点句型

英语（二）串讲

第一部分：1-15单元常考句子和重点句型

Unit1常考句子：Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.2、Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.3、Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.4、Formanagerseverydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolitics,procedures,laws,precedentsandthelike.5、Forexample,managerssometimestreatproblemsinaneither/orfashion.6、Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterminingwhichofseveralalternativesisbest–thatis,whichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganizationalgoals.7、Inthelargerschemeofthings,however,increasedfundingforresearchtoimprovetheproductsmightbemorebeneficialtotheorganization.8、

Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryformpersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.

Unit2常考句子：1、Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.2、

Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.3、SomepeoplethinkthattheStartofBethlehemcouldhavebeenasupernova.4、Ifamanfellintoablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.5、Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.6、Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthateveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.

Unit3常考句子：1、Affectedwithaseriousdisease,vanWendalwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.2、VanWendel’slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.3、Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.4、Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.

Unit4重点句子：1、Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20,000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain. 2、Ofthese20,000,justunder2,000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.3、Thesadconditionofwomenworkingasdomesticsaroundtheworldreceivedmuchmediaattentionearlierthisyearinseveralhighlypublicizedcases.4、AFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsformvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.5、SheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactoryinSriLanka.6、Becauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfourchildren,sheacceptedajobworkingasadomesticinLondon.7、Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.

Unit5重点句子：1、Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.2、

Folkmusic,oldandmodern,waspopularamongcollegestudents.3、

Theyfreelytookoverelementsformjazz,fromAmericancountrymusic.4、Withrecordsathome,listenersimitatedtheselightingeffectsasbesttheycould.Unit6重点句子：

Mostoftoday'srobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry,wheretheyareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspraypaintingautomobileandtruckbodies.

Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefieldarebeginningtobeseen,althoughtoalesserdegree,inotherindustriesaswell.Therobotsusedinnuclearpowerplantshandletheradioactivematerials,preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiation.Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.Engineersskilledinmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnologyaredevelopingartificialvisionforrobots.Withtheabilityto"see",robotscanidentifyandinspectonespecificclassofobjectsoutofastackofdifferentkindsofmaterials.7.Anyonewantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.

Unit7重点句子：Peopleinadvancedindustrialsocietiesareincreasinglyconcernedwithopportunitiesforleisure. Theimportancepeopleattachtopaidholidaysandtherapiddevelopmentofservicesformassentertainmentandrecreationaresignsofthisincreasingconcern.Thespecificuseofleisurevariesfromindividualtoindividual.Sinceleisureisbasicallyself-determined,oneisabletotaketoone’sinterestsandpreferencesandgetinvolvedinanactivityinwaysthatwillbringenjoymentandsatisfaction.Basically,suchattitudesamounttoarecognitionthatleisureisanimportantareaoflifeandabeliefthatLeisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.Forexample,thedegreetowhichandthewaysinwhichaschoolencouragesparticipationingames,sportsandculturalpursuitsarelikelytocontributetotheshapingofleisureattitudesonthepartofthestudents.Schoolsusuallysetastheireducationalobjectivetheattainmentofabalanceddevelopmentoftheperson.8.Themoreseriouslythisissought,themorelikelypositiveattitudestowardsleisureaswellasacademicworkwillbeencouraged.

Unit8常考句子：TheproblemofJetLagisoneeveryinternationaltravelercomesacrossatsometime.(para.1)Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthebodyareactuallyfarmoredisturbingthanwerealize.(para.2)

HelaterblamedhispoorjudgementonJetLag.(para.3)NowthatweunderstandwhatJetlagis,wecangosomewaytoovercomingit(para.4)Theotherbelongsinourinternalclockswhich,leftalone,wouldtiethebodytoa25hour–yes,25–rhythm.(para.5)Intimethephysiologicalsystemwillresetitself,butitdoestaketime.(para7)Onereasonforthisdiscrepancyisthatdifferentbodilyeventsarecontrolledbydifferentfactors.(para.8)8.Itisnotfeasibletowaitfourdaysuntilthebodyisusedtothenewtimezone.(para.9)

Unit9常考句子：Nationclassifiedas"aged"whentheyhave7percentofmoreoftheirpeopleaged65orabove.(para.1)Thenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulationgrowth,theolderitspopulationislikelytobe–atleast,foranyfuturethatconcernsusnow.Theolderyouarenow,ofcourse,thegreaterthisproportionwillbe,andgreaterstillifyouareawoman.4.Ifyouarenowinyourthirties,yououghttobeawarethatyoucanexpecttolivenearlyonethirdoftherestofyourlifeaftertheageof60.

Unit10重点句子：Candidatestrytoprojectastrongleadershipimage.(para.4)Whethervotersacceptthisimage,however,dependsmoreonexternalfactorsthanonacandidate’spersonalcharacteristics.(para.4)此句注意主语从句作主语。Ayearlater,withthenation’seconomyintrouble,Bush’sapprovalratingdroppedbelow40percent.Candidatesareparticularlyconcernedwithwinningthestateswhichhavethelargestpopulation.5.Clintonreceivedonly43percentofthepopularvotein1992,comparedwithBush’s38percentandPerot’s19percent.

Unit11常考句子：Theuseofanimalshasbeencentraltothedevelopmentofanaesthetics.(para.2)Animalresearchisirrelevanttoourhealthanditcanoftenproducemisleadingresults.(para.4)Peopleandanimalsaredifferentintheirreactionstodrugsandinthewaytheirbodieswork.(para.4)Itwouldbecompletelyirresponsibleandunethicaltousedrugsonpeoplethathadnotbeenthoroughlytestedonanimals.(para.5)Theeventualaimofcomputermodelingistoreducethenumberofanimalsusedinexperiments.(para.6)Manyothernewtechniquesarenowavailablethatenablemoreresearchtobedoneinthetesttubetoseeifchemicalsproduceharmfulbiologicaleffects.(para.7)Thenumberofanimalsusedinlaboratorytestshasdeclinedoverthelast20years.(para.8)Thisispartlyduetoalternativesandpartlytothefactthatexperimentsarebetterdesignedsofewerneedtobeused.(para.8)ProfessorDavidMortonofthedepartmentisinvolvedinanimalresearchandisconcernedwithreducinganimalsufferingasmuchaspossible.(para.9)Thisincludeskeepingtheminmoresuitablecages.(para.9)include后面接动名词作宾语。

IntheUS,oneexperimentinnerveregenerationinvolvescuttingabignerveinarat’sleg.involve后面接动名词作宾语。

Whenitcomestoresearchintoheartdiseaseanditseffectsonthebody,ordiseasesofthebrainforexample,wedonothaveadequatesubstitutesfortheuseofanimals.Whenitcomesto当提到…的时候

Unit12常考句子：itsdaydreamingwasconsideredacompensatorysubstitutefortherealTherearealwaysthosewhowouldsubstitutefantasylivesfortherewardsofrealactivity.(para.2)Mostpeoplesufferfromalackofdaydreamingratherthananexcessofit.(para.2)Notonlyaretheylessabletodealwiththepressureofday-to-dayexistence,butalsotheirself–controlandself-directionbecomeendangered.(para.2)Butitsbeneficialeffectsgobeyondthis.(para.3)Gobeyond表示“超越...，不仅仅是...”Historically,scientistsandinventorsareonegroupthatseemstotakefulladvantageofrelaxedmoments.(para.7)Takeadvantageof利用Wheneverconfrontedwithataskwhichseemedtoohardtobedealtwith,hewouldstretchoutonhislaboratorysofaandletfantasiesfloodhismind.(para.7)Pictureyourselfaswinningandthatwillcontributeremarkablytosuccess.9.Theimportantthingtorememberistopicturethesedesiredobjectivesasifyouhadalreadyattainedthem.

Unit13常考句子：Hecannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoing.(para.1)Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitself,butonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakeit.(para.3)Thedifferencedoesnot,forexample,coincidewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandamentaljob.4.Sothatitisnaturalforhimtoimaginethatthefewerhourshehastospendlaboring,andthemorehoursheisfreetoplay,thebetter.

Unit14常考句子：ItwasamicrocassettefoundinKathleenWeinstein'sshirtpocketthatnotonlyledpolicetoherallegedkillerbutalsorevealedtheNewJerseyteachertobeawomanofextraordinarycourageandcompassion.(para.1)本句是个强调句，另外注意found的用法。

Itwasthere,policebelieve,thatWeinsteinwasabletoactivatetherecordershekeptinherbag.(para.2)本句是强调句。

Weinstein’sbody,withhandsandfeetbound,wasdiscoveredbyahikeronMarch17.(para.4)4.

Butbeforeshediedshesomehowslippedthemicrocassetteintoherpocketwithoutherkillerknowingit.

Unit15常考句子：

Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.(para.2)

Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto–therealityofpaininothers.(para.2)注意本句的倒装形式。并且注意“connect…to”表示“把…与…连接起来”。

Thereasonthesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom.(para.3)本句中注意“tendency”后面要接动词不定式作定语。另外“mistake…for”表示“把…错认为…”。

Forthedangerisnotsomuchthatmanwillbecontrolledbythecomputerasthathemayimitateit.(Para.9)第二部分

难点分析序号题型名称题量分值来源性质1词汇与结构1010书内客观题2完型填空1010书内客观题3阅读理解3030书内客观题4单词拼写1010书内客观题5词形变化1010书内客观题6汉译英515书内主观题7英译汉115书外主观题

I.

词汇和结构选择填空题(VocabularyandStructure)

一、题解：顾名思义，“词汇和结构”，那肯定是考查语法结构和词语用法搭配。在本题中，语法题约占一半，它主要考查关联词、介词和代词的应用。当然此题中也可能有考查动词、形容词和副词的形态变化的内容，以及词义选择方面的内容。

二、语法部分考试重点：语法要全面学习重点掌握。不仅要复习下册的语法内容，还要重点复习（上册）有关语法内容。

词法：主要考查名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词以及动词的用法：

名词:主要考查名词的数2．

代词：重点代词的考查either…or，neither…nor搭配;few,afew,little,alittle的区别；other,another,theother,others的区别；other指另外的人或物；others泛指别人，可与some连用；theother指两个中的另一个，常和one连用；theothers表示其余所有的人或物；another则泛指另一个。Somepupilsarereadingthetextloudly,whileotherstudentsaredoingtheirhomework.Somepupilsarereadingthetextloudly,whileothersaredoingtheirhomework.Mrs.Clarkhastwobeautifulhats.Oneisred,theotherisblue.Thissuitdoesn’tfitme.Wouldyoupleaseshowmeanotherone?3．

数词：序数词、分数的表达序数词：thefirst,thesecond,thethird,theforth…..分数：三分之二，twothirds；四分之三，threefourths；onehundred,twohundred(正)，twohundreds(误)；hundredsof(正)，twohundredsof（误）。4．

形容词和副词：比较级、最高级，以及比较句式少数形容词和副词的变化是不规则的原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,badly,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furthestoldolder,elderoldest,eldest

farther与further都是far的比较级和最高级，但是farther指具体含义的“更远”，further指抽象含义的“更远”，有“进一步”的意思。Elder与eldest也是old的比较级和最高级，主要表示兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。比较结构：1).…as+形容词、副词原级+as…Thetreeisastallasthebuilding.Heisasbusyasbefore.他还是像以前那样忙。2)…as+形容词+(a)+名词+as…We’llgiveyouasmuchhelpaswecan.HewantstobeasgreatascientistasNewton.3)表示倍数：倍数+as+原级+asFreshfruitcoststwiceasmuchascannedfruit.新鲜水果的价钱比罐头水果贵一倍。4)…notas/so+原级+as…I’mnotsoexperiencedasyouthink.Ihaven’tmadeasmuchprogressasIshould.我没有取得应有的进步。Idon’tsingpopularsongshalfsowellasyou.我唱流行歌曲还没有你一半好。(not)more/less/fewer…than（不）比…更nomore…than与…同样不(not)more/less/fewer…than（不）比…更nomore…than与…同样不

5)比较级+thanThisbedismorecomfortablethantheother.这张床比那张要舒服。Shegoestoschoolearlierthantheotherclassmates.她上学比其他同学都早。注意：比较级前可加表示程度的状语，如：alittle,abit,slightly,alot,byfar,somewhat等。Thisroomisfar/muchcoolerthanthatone.这间屋子比那间要凉快得多。6)the+形容词比较级…，the+形容词比较级表示越…就越…Actually,thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.事实上，他越忙越高兴。AccordingtoDr.Krammer,_______peoplewhoappearinyourdreams,______youareonawakening.A.asmany…ashappyB.themore…themorehappyC.themore…thehappierD.themost…thehappiest5．

介词：主要掌握介词与某些其他词的固定搭配关系，考前要重点复习上册第12单元和下册第7单元的语法讲解和语法练习，书后所附的词组表也是复习的重点。常考的介词搭配如：asto,asfor,substitutefor,layaside,intermsof;resultin,resultfrom,asaresultof,beconcernedabout/beconcernedfor,relyon,liveon,liein,consistof,besatisfiedwith,lookup,inadditionto,regardlessof,despite,inspiteof,contributeto,atleast,intermsof,inaccordancewith,inlinewith,except,exceptfor,dueto,owingto,varyfrom…to,attachto,beirrelevantto,distinguish…from,等等。6．

动词：主要考查动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词及情态动词。情态动词+havedone的形式。Youneedn’t______himaboutthissincehecouldfindoutforhimself.A.tell

B.betelling

C.havetold

D.havetotellLotsofemptybeerbottleswerefoundundertheyoungman’sbed;he_____heavily.A.musthavedrunk

B.mustdrink

C.shoulddrink

D.hadtodrink_______theybegantogetdowntobusiness.A.Theholidaysareover

B.TheholidayswereoverC.Theholidaysbeingover

D.Theholidayshadbeenover7．

句法：重点是各种从句以及倒装句、强调句的用法。考前要重点复习上册第15、16、17、19、20单元的语法讲解例句和语法练习。主语从句：what,that区别;例如：Itisbecomingincreasinglycleartopolicy–makers_______schoolscannotsolvealltheproblemsofthelargercommunity.thatB.whatC.whenD.who同位语从句：注意一般由that引导，先行词经常为,idea,doubt,thought,fact,belief。Thereisnodoubt_____alargenumberofpeoplehavebenefitedfromheartsurgery.A.whatB.ofC.ifD.thatOntheotherhandconcernisalsogrowingaboutthepossibilityofaneweconomicorder_______resource-richnationsoftheThirdWorldwouldcombinetosethighcommodityprices.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.inthatSuchattitudesamounttoabelief____leisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.whichB.ifC.whetherD.that定语从句：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；that,which的区别;介词+which的用法。Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace____Whichmatterhasfallenand_____whichnothingcanescape.A.towards…towardsB.into…fromC.outof…from D.through…throughAs引导的定语从句Suchpeople______youdescribearerarenowadays.asB.thatC.whoD.which状语从句：引导各种从句的关连词。主要是条件状语从句，让步状语从句，结果状语从句，原因状语从句。Inthat的用法：Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesin_____aftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedtodoanotherone.A.whichB.thatC.howD.whetherHisnamewillbecrossedoutfromthelist_____hemakesthesamemistakesagain.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.though倒装句：倒装句的几种形式______whenJohncametoseehim.

A.Nosoonerhadhebeguntowork.

B.Hehadscarcelybeguntowork

C.Hardlyhadhebeguntowork.

D.Justashebegantowork强调句：注意强调句的句型。Itwasthere,thepolicebelieve,_______shewasabletoactivatetherecordershekeptinherbag.A.untilB.whichC.thatD.when

三．词汇学习要注意用法和固定搭配，特别是各类词与介词的搭配。另外，近义词、形近词的区别。动词与不同介词构成的动词短语的区别也是考试的重点。Attheendof1994theBritishGovernmentintroducednewmeasurestohelp_____domesticworkersfromabusebytheiremployers.A.protectB.suspectC.expectD.inspectThespecificuseofleisure______fromindividualtoindividual.A.rangesB.distinguishesC.variesD.covers______yourselftothejobinhand,andyou’llsoonfinishit.A.ReplyB.ImplyC.ApplyD.SupplyIcan’t______themeaningofthispoembecauseit’stoovague.A.turnoutB.putoutC.figureoutD.lookout

四．本题所用的句子是根据教材中出现的句子编写的。其中70％句子选自课文、课文注释或课文练习，30%选自语法讲解部分的例句或语法练习。所以必须将教材学好学通。

II．完型填空题(ClozeTest)

一、题解按考纲规定，完形填空题的考查重点是语法，包括一致关系、动词时态、语态，名词的数，代词，形容词和副词的级，连词，介词等。从最近的几次考试看，完形填空题的语法重点仍在连接各种从句的关联词上，除此之外，也有一部分题是考查介词和代词的。完形填空的选择项可能是名词、动词、形容词、介词、副词或连词。

二、应试技巧完形填空是测试考生语篇理解能力和词汇运用能力的一种综合手段。做完形填空题，考生必须具有扎实的语法基础、比较牢固的词汇基础以及良好的语感。1．做题步骤1)通览全篇，分文体，定结构，知大意。做完形填空题，答题的关键在于准确理解短文的大意。要做到这一点，就要分清文章的文体与行文结构．本题的短文多为说明文或议论文，结构较紧凑，往往开门见山地提出主题，然后逐点说明或评议，最后小结。所以做题前应浏览全篇，重点是首段、尾段以及每段的首句、尾句。2）初选答案，理脉络，顾前后，忌恋战。在掌握文章大意的基础上，根据上下文所提供的搭配、结构、语义等线索来初选答案。初选时，要着眼空格所在的完整句子，瞻前顾后，重点解决与结构、搭配有关的小题。对于个别词汇的考题，如果一时难以抉择，不要恋战，而是继续往下进行，往往进行到下文，对前边的问题就会有了主意。3）复读全文，核答案，句通顺，意要畅。题目做完后，要通读“完形”后的全文，核查自己所选的答案能否使文章连贯，语法正确。如果你发现你所选的某个答案放在句中读起来很别扭，那么你的语感在提醒你对此答案要三思。2．判断技巧做完形填空题时，在遵循以上三个步骤的同时，还要注意解题思路或技巧。1)搭配判断法根据对以往考试的分析，搭配型题目在完形填空题中占的比例最重。搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度，比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句，哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。我们在复习时要特别注意短语动词和介词的固定搭配。2）结构判断法结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等，解题时要运用句法知识，把握关键词，从而做出迅速正确的判断。完型填空题目中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案。完型填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有：A. 转折、让步：这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有：but,still,yet,however,though,although,nomatter,inspiteof，anyway,evenif,等。B. 因果关系：表原因的连词或词组有：because(of),dueto,owingto,thanksto,since,for,as,等。表结果的词或词组有：so,therefore,then,asaresult,inconsequence,consequently,thus,等。C. 表示递进、补充关系：这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述。常用的词、词组有：moreover,likewise,besides,inaddition,also,too,notonly…butalso,apartfrom,what’smore等。D. 表示对比、比较关系：对比表示观点或事物间的差异性，比较表明观点或事物间的同一性。表示对比的词或词组有：incontrast,bycontrast,onthecontrary,conversely,unlike,oppositely等。表示比较的词或词组有：like,incomparison,compare…with,as,justas等。3）词义判断法词汇型问题也是完形填空的一个考点，主要测试考生在段落语篇中把握语义连贯性的能力，提供选择的词可能是近义词、近形词也可能是随意拼凑的四个选项遇到这类题，既要联系上下文，又要具有扎实的词汇基础，有时还须根据自己的文化背景知识做出判断。III.阅读理解题(ReadingComprehension)

一、题解阅读理解题由三篇短文构成。每篇短文的平均长度，为300词左右，其难度相当于教材后半部分的课文，三篇短文共15个小题,每小题2分，共30分。从最近几次考试的命题中可以发现，阅读理解题的短文既不是纯文学的，也不是纯科技性的，而是一般性的社会、文化、经济、科普和日常生活方面的内容。对大多数考生来说，在专业上没有不能理解的内容，但由于短文大部分取自英文原文，因此在语言上存在一定的难度。阅读理解题主要测试考生：1，把握文章主题思想和大意的能力；2，对文章中的重要情节和主要事实的理解程度；3，对文章的格调、作者的观点态度等的推理判断能力。

二、应试技巧1．两种方法方法一：先看文章后做题。主要针对简单易懂的文章，时间又较充裕的情况。方法二：先看题目后读文章再做题。这种方法在时间紧、文章长的情况下更为实用，这样可以带着问题去阅读，文章中的内容与考题有关系时仔细阅读，与题目无关时，可以置之不理，很快跳过去。还有一些题目涉及一般常识或科普知识，可以在未阅读文章之前自己先行判断，在阅读时只要对自己的判断进行验证就可以了。2．三个侧重除了题目本身所要求查找的细节外，阅读时一定要注意不要逐字逐句地死抠，而要有所侧重。1)侧重首段、尾段，首句、尾句。因为这些部分往往是作者所要谈及的论点、主题或中心思想，抓住了主干，那么细节问题就会迎刃而解。2)侧重语篇标志词。语篇标志词。语篇中句子和句子之间、段落和段落之间就是通过这种词语连接起来的，把握住这些词语就等于把握了句与句、段与段之间的关系，对于获取所需信息、准确答题至关重要。语篇标志词主要表示：（1）例解:如，forinstance,forexample,（2）列举(3)比较；(4)转折和对比；(5)原因；(6)结果；(7)方式手段；(8)时间；(9)地点；(10)目的；（11）分类；（12）补充；（13）强调；（14）条件；（15）结论。3)侧重长句、难句。因为英语表达多以冗长著称，论理性很强的文章更是如此。通过较长的句子来表达复杂的思想内容，从而使文章更具有说服力。所以，我们在阅读时，必须重视长句、难句，认真分析句子，把握关键。事实上，不少问题就是针对这些长句、难句而设置的。3．阅读理解题的题型1)主旨题：这类问题主要测试考生把握主题与中心思想的能力。主要形式有：a.

Themainideaofthispassageis________.b.

Thepassagemainlydiscusses____________.c.

Whatisthepassageprimarilyconcernedabout?d.

Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?e.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?f.

Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe_________.作者的态度、写作目的与主题和中心思想关系密切，可以看作主旨题的延伸。主要形式有：问写作目的：g.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto_______.h.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis_________.问态度：i.Theauthor’sattitudetowards…is_________.j.Thetoneofthispassagecanbedescribedas___________.2)细节题：这类问题测试考生把握文章细节的能力，主要与文中的考点相联系，如：最高级、唯一性、其他对比、数字年代、原因等。主要形式有：是非题：（三正一误或三误一正）a.

WhichofthefollowingisTrue?b.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTTrue?c.

WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionedinParagraph…?例证题a.TheauthorgivesanexampleinParagraph..mainlytoshowthat______.其他具体细节题a.

Fromthepassage,itcanbeseenthat….b.

Themainreasonfor…is_________.3)推理题这类题主要测试考生能否在理解字面意义的基础上，根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论，进而理解文章的隐含意义和深层意义。主要形式有：Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________.b.Thepassageimplies(suggests)that________.c.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.d.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.e.Formthepassagewecaninfer(drawtheconclusion)that_________.4)词义题这类问题主要测试考生使用词语搭配和根据上下文判断词义的能力。主要形式有：a.Theword“…”inline(Paragragh)..mostprobablymeans______.b.Inparagraph…,theword“…”refersto(standsfor)_______.c.Theword“…”inParagraph…canbebestreplacedby________.词汇题考查的词汇主要是熟词僻义或生词4.猜字的几种技巧在阅读过程中，经常会遇到一些生词、难词，考试中又不允许查字典，这就需要利用猜字的技巧了。通过构词法推测词义是最常用的方法之一，下面重点介绍如何通过上下文线索来猜测词义。1)利用词根、词缀构词法2)直接定义作者在行文中有时不得不使用某些难词、偏词，为使读者理解，作者常常会在文章中直接解释该词语。作者或通过同位语，或使用定语从句加以阐明，或用冒号、破折号、括号给出，或用语篇标志词引出，这类语篇标志词有：thatis(tosay);e．g．；or，inotherwords；toputitinanotherway等。例如：Sheisbilingual．Inotherwords，shespeaksEnglishandFrenchequallywell.（bilingual：会说两种语言的）。3)近义复述同一短文中前后两个句子、短语或单词通常有互释作用，可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词或短语相关的信息以猜测词义。例如：Itisdifficulttolistallofmyfather'sattributesbecausehehassomanydifferenttalentsandabilities(attribute：特质；才能).4)对比和并列表达利用上下文中的对比或并列表达猜测词义是最常用、最可靠的方法。有不少句子会在上下文中给出某个生词（尤其是偏词、难词）的同义词或反义词，运用对比或并列表达对这些生词加以提示。通过了解词与词之间的连接关系，特别是一些语篇标志词，如：however；ontheotherhand；nevertheless等，我们不难推断这些生词的词义。如：Ifyouagree，write"yes"；ifyoudissent，write"no".(dissent：不同意)。5)根据常识有些生词看似很难，但根据语境，根据读者的经历或常识，很容易猜出词义。如果所读的材料是考生熟悉的内容或在自己专业知识范围内，生词就更易化解了。其实，猜词的方法并不限于以上这些，大家在阅读中要多动脑筋，善于总结，还能总结出一些更适合白己的技巧和方法来。

IV．单词汉译英(WordSpelling)

一、题解本题共10分，一共20个单词，每个单词0.5分，填错（或少写、漏写）字母不给分。本题主要考察书中出现的常用词。

二、应试技巧熟练掌握单词拼写是英语学习的基本功。为帮助同学们做好这道题，特提复习建议如下：1．熟练掌握构词法。通过掌握构词法，可以减轻记忆的负担，增强记忆的效果；要通过构词法的知识来分析每个生词的构成，可以加深印象，温故知新。2.单词学习以理解为基础。既要掌握单词拼写，又要了解词义、词性。最重要的是结合课文和典型的例句来学习，加强对生词的理解和记忆。3.记忆单词要日积月累。学完一课，要掌握一课的单词。同时，根据遗忘规律，及时巩固、复习学过的单词，保持长久的记忆。

V.词形变化填空题(wordForm)一、题解这个题型主要考查动词的形态变化，也就是说，根据句子的实际情况将动词的原形变为适当的形式。还包括少量的试题考查形容词或副词的比较级或最高级的形式变化，尤为重要的是几个不规则变化的形容词和副词。还可能考查名词和代词的词形变化，名词主要考查变复数的规则、不规则变化；代词有人称、性、数和格的变化，如何变化，要看代词所代替的名词的性质及该代词在句中担任的成分而定。

二、应试技巧1．熟练掌握动词词形变化规律。注意：动词形式既包括谓语动词的各种形式，如时态、语态及语气(直陈、虚拟)等，虚拟语气为重点，几年来的考题中都有这方面内容；也包括非谓语动词的各种形式。所以做动词的词形变化时，首先要搞清楚它在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后再作相应的变化。2.认真学好并熟悉课文。本题所选用的句子是根据教材中出现的句子编写的，其中多数来自课文，所以熟悉教材十分重要。3.认真钻研相关的语法讲解：主要指谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词比较等级、情态动词、虚拟语气、形容词比较级、最高级等部分。动词：动词是考试的重点。主要包括：动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词。1)动词的时态：重点是动词的过去时、完成时Seeingviolenceonetelevisionorreadingaboutitinthenewspaperseveryday______(make)ustoleratecrimemorethanweshould.Theyusedto______(work)twelveorfourteenhoursadayatthattime.Somepeoplethinkrelationsbetweenpeople_______(deteriorate)somuchthatunderstandingandfriendshiparealmostimpossible.(02\10havedeteriorated)Nearlyaweekpassedbeforethegirlwasabletoexplainwhat_______(happen)toher.(02\10hadhappened)Someproverbs______(be)inthelanguagefor1,000years,forexample,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”Inthepasttwodecades,research______(expand)ourknowledgeaboutsleepanddreams.(hasexpanded)2)动词的语态：主要掌握各个时态的被动式Thenationsthat_______actively________(involve)inearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapan,Russia,andtheUnitedStates.(areinvolved)3)动词的语气：A.掌握非真实条件句中，谓语动词在主句和条件句中的虚拟语气形式。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,you______(notmiss)thefirstactoftheplay.Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,we_____(be)inrealtrouble.B.在表示建议、命令、要求以及表示“重要性”和“紧迫性”等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，由“动词原形”或“should+动词原形”构成。Iwouldrecommendthatyou_______(think)aboutdoingsomethingsimilarforyourself.Theydemandedthattherighttovote______(give)toeveryadultperson.C.动词wish、wouldrather(sooner)、ifonly、asif后的虚拟语气。Iwouldratherhe_____(buy)thehousenextyear.ShetreatsmeasifI______(be)astranger.Themanagertoldustobefriendlytothevisitorsasifwe_____(meet)thembefore.hadmetIfonlywe______(have)aphone!I’mtiredofwaitingoutsidethepublicphonebox.D.incase,forfearthat,lest等词后从句的谓语动词为(should)+原形。Hetookhisumbrellawithhimlestit_______rain.E.在Itis(high)timethat从句中谓语动词为过去时。It’shightimethatwe_______(take)firmmeasurestoprotectourenvironment.F.时间错综条件句。4)动词的非谓语动词形式：A.动词不定式：主要考查动词不定式作定语、宾语、宾语补足语等的用法。还要注意动词不定式的被动式与完成式。不定式作定语：Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecision______(make)不定式作宾语：Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield,arebeginning________(see).(tobeseen)Ithasbeenprovedthattheirbestideasseem_____(occur)whentheywererelaxing.不定式作宾补：Theywereoftencompelled______(work)twelveorfourteenhoursaday.B.分词：主要考查分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法。注意现在分词与过去分词的区别。另外，还有现在分词的被动式与完成式的形式。分词作定语：Anyone______(want)tounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.Asresearchtechniquesbecomemoreadvanced,thenumberofanimals_____(use)inexperimentsmaydecrease.Anorganizationisagroupofpeople,andadecision______(make)todaymayhaveconsequencesfarintothefuture.分词作状语：When______(present)withacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblemsandproductionmanagersseeproductionproblems.________(tell)thatsomeguestswerecoming,sheshoppedallmorninginthesupermarket.(havingbeentold).Herbody,withhandsandfeet_______(bind),wasdiscoveredbyatravelerearlyinthemorning.(bound)分词做宾补：Theymayhavetheirpassports______(remove),makingleavingor“escaping”actuallyimpossible.动名词作宾语：Ifyoucannotunderstand,ask:“Wouldyoumind______(rephrase)thequestion,please?”Ifwedon’tstartoutnow,wemustrisk______(miss)thetrain.形容词副词：Themoretimeyouwaste,the_____(easy)itistocontinuewastingtime.(Easier)Weknowthatwearegettingevenolder,andthatthenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulationgrowth,the______itspopulationislikelytobe.The______(far)awaywegetfromtheearth,thethinnertheairbecomes.AsJanewasthe_____(old),shelookedaftertheotherchildreninthefamily.(eldest)词性转换：Theexplorers