大学英语综合教程4

全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案

上海外语教育出版社

Unit1

PartIITextA

lexfOrganization

PartsParagraphsMainIdeas

PartOneParas1-2Introduction一BothNapoleon，sandHitler，s

militarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.

PartTwoParas3-11Napoleon，smilitarycampaignagainstRussia

PartThreeParas12-20Hitler，smilitarycampaignagainsttheSoviet

Union

PartFourPara21Conclusion一theelementsofnaturemustbe

rekonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.

2.

SectionsParagraphsMainIdeas

SectionOneParas12-13Hitler，sblitzkriegagainstRussiaand

Stalin'sscorchedearthpolicy

SectionTwoParas14-18thebattlesfoughtatLeningrad,Moscowand

StalingradSectionThreeParas19-20theRussiancounter-offensiveand

theoutcomeofthewar

Vocabulary

I.1.1)alliance2)atthecostof

3)stroke4)limp

5)minus6)regions

7)declarations8)siege

9)raw10)bidehistime

11)havetakentheirtoll12)inthecaseof

2.1)isfacedwith2)getboggeddown

3)ispressingon/pressedon4)dragon

5)getby6)dineout

7)havecutback8)getthrough

3.1)Therapidadvanceingenetherapymayleadtotheconquestof

cancerinthenearfuture.

2)Productioninmanyfactorieshasbeenbroughttoahaltbythedelayed

arrivalofrawmaterialsduetothedockworkers?strike

3)Sarahasmadeuphermindthatherleisureinterestswill/should

nevergetinthewayofhercareer.

4)Obviouslythereporter'squestioncaughttheforeignministeroff

guard.

5)Theintroductionoftheelectroniccalculatorhasrenderedtheslide

ruleoutofdate/obsolete.

4.1)Beingfacedwithanenemyforcesmuchsuperiortoours,wehadto

giveuptheoccupationofbigcitiesandretreattotheruraland

mountainousregionstobuildupourbases.

2)Unityiscrucialtotheefficientoperationofanorganization.

Failuretoreckonwiththisproblemwillweakenitsstrength.Inmany

cases,workmaybebroughttoahaltbyconstantinternalstruggleinan

organization.

3)TheRedArmyfoughtaheroicbattleatStalingradandwonthedecisive

victoryagainsttheGermans.Infact,thisbattleturnedthetidein

theSecondWorldWar.Duringthisfamousbattle,theSoviettroops

withstoodtheGermansiegeandweakenedtheGermanarmybylaunchinga

seriesofcounterattacks.

II.MoreSynonymsinContext

1)DuringtheFirstWorldWar,battlesoccurredhereandthereovervast

areas.Someofthemostdramaticfightingtookplaceinthegloomy

trenchesofFranceandBelgium.

2)Elizabethmadecarefulpreparationsfortheinterviewandherefforts

/homeworkpaidoff.

3)Ispenthourstryingtotalkhimintoacceptingthesettlement,but

heturnedadeafeartoallmywords.

4)Pneumoniahadseverelyweakenedherbody,andIwonderedhowher

fragilebodycouldwithstandtheharshweather.

III.Usage

1)Butoftenitisnotuntilwefallillthatwefinallylearnto

appreciategoodhealth.

2)Aricholdladylaydeadathomefortwoweeks一andnobodyknew

anythingaboutit.

3)It'ssaidhedroppeddeadfromaheartattackwhenhewasatwork

4)Don51sittooclosetothefiretokeepwarm一youcouldeasilyget

burned,especiallyifyoufallasleep.

5)Inthosedayspeoplebelievedinmarryingyoungandhavingchildren

early.

6)LittleTomwasunabletositstillforlongerthanafewminutes.

ComprehensiveExercises

I.Cloze

(A)

1.invasion2.standintheway

3.Conquest4.catching...offhisguard

5.launching6.declaration

7.campaign8.dragon

9.reckonwith10.bringing...toahalt

(B)

1.allow2.reckoned

3.highly4.forecasts

5.rapidly6.instant

7.delivery8.advantage

9.observing10.Powerful

II.Translation

1.Mr.Dohertyandhisfamilyarecurrentlyengagedingettingthe

autumnharvestinonthefarm.

2.Wemustnotunderestimatetheenemy.Theyareequippedwiththemost

sophisticatedweapons.

3.Havingbeencutofajob/Nothavinghadajobfor3months,Philis

gettingincreasinglydesperate.

4.Sam,astheprojectmanager,isdecisive,efficient,andaccuratein

hisjudgment.

5.Sincethechemicalplantwasidentifiedasthesourceofsolution,

thevillageneighborhoodcommitteedecidedtocloseitdownatthecost

of100jobs.

Theoffensivehadalreadylastedthreedays,butwehadnot

gainedmuchground.Ourtroopsengagingtheenemyatthefrontwere

facedwithstrong/fierce/stiffresistance.Thedivisioncommander

instructedourbattaliontogetaroundtotherearoftheenemyand

launchasurpriseattack.Todoso,however,wehadtocrossamarshland

andmanyofuswereafraidwemightgetboggeddowninthemud.Our

battalioncommanderdecidedtotakea

gamble.Westartedundercoverofdarknessandpressedoninspiteof

greatdifficulties.Byastrokeofluck,thetemperatureatnight

suddenlydroppedtominus20degreesCelsiusandthemarshfrozeover.

Thankstothecoldweather,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawn

andbeganattackingtheenemyfromtherear.Thisturnedthetideof

thebattle.Theenemy,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.

Unit2TextA

Vocabulary

I.1.1)expansion2)automated3)vapor4)takecontrol

of5)hazards6)satellite7)vibrated8)magnetic

9)bunched10)intheair11)got/wasstuckin

12)approximately

2.1)sendout2)standupfor3)passfor4)wereclosing

inon

5)startingup6)wentthrough7)fillout8)fallinto

3.1)•••incorporatesallthelatestsafetyfeatures

2),•,twotreestenfeetapart

3)awardinglucrativecontractstohisconstructionsite

4)…theprototypeofanewmodelbeforetheysetupafactorytomake

thecars.

5)…arecorrelatedinallracialgroups

4.1)theapplication,remote,hasturnedintoareality,arepoised

to

2)thatvibrate,candetect,frequency

3)lanes,aremountedin,alerta,hazard

II.WordFormation

ClippedWordsBlends

KilokilogramMedicaremedicalcare

Memomemorandumemailelectronicmail

gymgymnasiumcomsatcommunicationssatellite

libliberationnewscastnewsbroadcast

docdoctorskyjackskyhijack

vetveterinarianEurodollarEuropeandollar

preppreparatorybrunchbreakfastandlunch

autoautomobiletelecasttelevisionbroadcast

fluinfluenzaOxbridgeOxfordandCambridge

III.1.swimmingpool2.drawingboard3.enrichedMiddleEnglish

4.disturbingchange5.fullydevelopedprototype6.Canned

foods7.workingpopulation8.puzzlingdifferencesComprehensive

Exercises

I.Cloze

1.

1)computerized2)startup3)bepoisedto4)alert

5)hazards6)monotonous7)takecontrolof8)steer9)lane

10)decrease11)calculate12)eliminate13)gettingstuckin

14)mounted15)detect16)vapor

2.

1)generates2)related3)revolutionized4)

enabled5)opportunities6)overall7)

manufacturing8)dependent9)interact10)fatalities

II.Translation

1.

1)Therewasanunusualquietnessintheair,exceptforthesoundof

artilleryinthedistance.

2)TheexpansionofurbanareasinsomeAfricancountrieshasbeen

causingasignificantfallinlivingstandardsandanincreaseinsocial

problem.

3)Theresearchshowsthatatmosphericcarbondioxidelevelsareclosely

correlatedwithglobaltemperatures.

4)Thefrequencyofthebusservicehasbeenimprovedfrom15to12

minutesrecently

5)Thediverstoodontheedgeofthedivingboard,poisedtojumpat

thesignalfromthecoach.

2.

Automobileshave,sincetheirinvention,revolutionized

transportation,changingforeverthewaypeoplelive,travel,anddo

business.Ontheotherhand,theyhavebroughthazards,especially

highwayfatalities.However,today

theapplicationofcomputertechnologyandelectronicsensorsin

designingandmanufacturingcarsmakesitpossibletoeliminatemostof

trafficaccidents.Forexample,electronicsensorsmountedinyourcar

candetectalcoholvaporintheairandrefusetostartuptheengine.

Theycanalsomonitorroadconditionsbyreceivingradiosignalssent

outfromorbitingsatellitesandgreatlyreduceyourchancesofgetting

stuckintrafficjams.

Unit3TextA

Contentquestions

1.Herunsamanufacturingcompany.

2.Almostallofthemwereno.

3.Thisapplicantwasillpreparedforthejobhewasapplyingforand

thereforeillqualified.

4.Preparetowin.

5.Theynowhavetoswitchjobsfrequently.

6.A90-year-oldtennisplayerwhowantedtoworkonhisweakness一一

backhandcourt.

7.Believinginyourself,evenwhennooneelsedoes.

8.Becausehewillmentionacabdriverwhoisdifferent.

9.Hiseffortstomakeadifference.

10.HewasofferedarideonadaywhenMinnesotawashitwithoneof

theworstsnowstormsinyearsandtheinternationalairporttherewas

closedforthefirsttimeindecades.

11.Becausetherewerenotracksleftinthesnow,whichmeanshewas

thefirstpersontotakeofffromthere.

12Carlsonwasexcitedaboutbeingfirst,whichisexactlywhatthe

writerrecommendstojobapplicants.

TextOrganization

1.

PartsParagraphsMainIdeas

PartOneParas1-6Anill-preparedcollegegraduate

failedhisinterview.

PartTwoParas7-27Fourpiecesofadviceonbeinga

successfulinterviewee.

PartThreeParas28-31Makeyourowntracksinwhateveryou

do.

2.

SuggestionsExamples

1)Preparetowin.1)MichaelJordan

2)Neverstoplearning.2)a90-year-old

tennisplayer

3)Believeinyourself,evenwhennooneelsedoes3)thefour-minute

mile,theNewYorkMarathonandtheVietnamveteran.

4)Findawaytomakeadifference,4)aNewYork

cabdriver.

LanguageSenseEnhancement

1.

(1)checkedwith(2)interview(3)grill(4)clippings

(5)berightfor(6)followup(7)indicating(8)hand-delivered

(9)prepared(10)prospective

LanguageFocus

I.1.

1)rude2)physically3)structure4)madea

difference5)blurted(out)6)chuckling7)measurable8)

prospective9)preparations10)sparkled11)tooka

crackat12)partner

2.

1)goafter2)lookbackat/on3)beputup4)stood

for5)buildin6)followup7)behookedupto

8)closedup

3.

1)grilledheraboutwhereshehadbeenallnight

2)beyondCinderella，swildestdreamsthatshecouldonedaydancein

theKing'spalace

3)willbeinreaders'handssoon

4)doyourhomeworkbeforegoingonaninterview.

5)wasintheneighborhoodof150dollars.

4.

1)applicants,veteran,theprospective

2)Fromhisstandpoint,hasmadeeveryendeavortogoafter

3)asthesayinggoes,tohaveacrackat,barely

II.WordswithMultipleMeanings

1.behave2.usedtoavoidrepetition3.Clean4.getalong

5.perform/complete6.perform/complete7.study8.beenough

9.beacceptable

III.Usage

1.Thereissomuchtosayanditishardtoknowwheretobegin.OK,

I'11talkaboutmyselffirst.

2.Thankyouverymuch,John,foryourbeautifulChristmascard.Bythe

way,Ihavesomethinghereforyou.

3.Thenewcomputerlanguagecanbequiteeasilyunderstoodbyanyone

whocanreadthedailynewspaper.Now,whyisthisanadvantage?

4.I'mgoingtoworkouttheoutlineandwillletyouknowhowitgoes.

Bytheway,IwillseeyouinFebruary,asIplantoattendyourseminar

inShanghai.

5.OK,yougotthejob.Now,howtomaximizeyourprofitswithaslittle

effortaspossible?

6.ChrisisbackfromAustralia.Incidentally,thosepicturesyousent

mearewonderful.

ComprehensiveExercises

I.Cloze

1.

(1)prospective(2)AsIseeit(3)doneyourhomework(4)

beforehand

(5)endeavor(6)structure(7)partners(8)Respond(9)take

acrack

(10)fromthestandpoint(11)makeadifference(12)followup

2.

(1)encouraging(2)inquiry(3)relevant(4)samples

(5)references(6)advice(7)preparing(8)seriously

(9)probably(10)exhibit

II.Translation

1.

1)Despitetheinadequatelengthoftheairstripinthisemergency

landing,theveteranpilotmanagedtostoptheplaneaftertaxiingfor

onlyashortwhile.

2)Grilledbythereporters,themoviestareventuallyblurted(out)

thatshehadundergonetwoplasticsurgeries.

3)Wehavethetechnologyandourpartnerhasthecapital.Working

together,we'11havethefutureinourhands.

4)IfIhadknownbeforehandthatyouwouldbringsomanyfriendshome,

Iwouldhavemadebetterpreparations.Yousee,Ihavebarelyenough

foodanddrinksforasnack.

5)Peoplegavegenerouslyuponlearningthatnewschoolroomswith

strongerstructuresweretobebuiltintheearthquake-strickenarea.

2.

Wellbegun,halfdone,asthesayinggoes.Itisextremelyimportant

forajobapplicanttodohishomeworkwhileseekingemployment.From

mystandpoint,whetherornotonehasdonehishomeworkclearlymakesa

differencesinhischanceofsuccess.

Ihaveafriendwhoisearningsomewhereintheneighborhoodof

100,000dollarsayearsinalargecomputersoftwarecompany.Hetold

methatfromhisownexperiencethedecisionmakerswhointerview

prospectiveemployeeslikepeoplewhoarewellprepared.Thosewhomake

noendeavortolearnasmuchabouthisprospectiveemployeraspossible

don'thavemuchofachanceofsuccess.

Unit4

TextA

Textrganization1.

Parts

Paragraphs

MainIdeas

PartOne

Paras1-3

IntroductiontoDavosManandtheWorldEconomicForum

PartTwo

Paras4-5

Debateovertheimpactofglobalizationoncurrentsocietyandculture

PartThreeppppPTThreeThree

Paras6-8

Historyofglobalizationanditsrecenttrendsandfutureprospects

PartFour

Paras.9-11

Globalizationversusnationalismandthechallengesitfaces

2.

MainEvents

1.Davosmanspendsalotoftimeinplacesotherthanhisnativecountry.

2.DavosManseestheiridentityasamaterofpersonalchoice,notan

accidentofbirth.

3.DavosManbelievesthatglobalization,theunimpededflowsofcapital,

laborandtechnologyacrossnationalborders,isbothwelcomeand

unstoppable.

4.DavosManseestheworldincreasinglyasonevast,interconnected

market-placeinwhichcorporationssearchforthemostadvantageous

locationstobuy,produceandselltheirgoodsandservices.

Vocabulary

I.

1)advantageous2)letalone

3)witnessing/vanishing4)landmark

5)entitled6)displace

7)Establishment8)patriotic/strengthen

9)contradictions10)aspires

11)divorced12)pendulums

2.1)cometo2)dozedoff

3)believedin4)wassetapart

5)takein6)sucksin

7)cleanup8)turnaway

3.

1)Forme,itmakesno/littledifferencewhetherwegotherebytrain

orbybus.

2)ToyatahasovertakenGeneralMotorsastheworld'sbiggestcar

maker.

3)Shortlyaftertheirmarriage,Mr.Chamberswasatoddswithhiswife

overmoneymatters.

4)Henryhasbeenattheforefrontofnanotechnologyresearch.

5)Shedoesn'tevenknowhowtoboilpotatoes,letalonecookameal.

5.a)isincreasingly/toaccelerate/theirinvestment

b)economy/makeanearnest/domestic/strikeabalancebetween

c)ahandfulof/beendorsedby/onalargescale

II.WordFormation

WTO

WorldTradeOrganization

世界贸易组织

GDP

Grossdomesticproduct

国内生产总值

ATM

Automatedtellermachine

自动出纳机

VAT

Value-addedtax

增值税

CAD

Computer-aideddesign

计算机辅助设计

IT

Informationtechnology

信息技术

IDD

Internationaldirectdialing

国际直拨电话

MTV

Musictelevision

音乐电视

Radar

Radiodetectingandranging

雷达

IOC

InternationalOlympicCommittee

国际奥委会

VIP

Veryimportantperson

贵宾，大人物

Laser

Lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation

激光

CPU

Centralprocessingunit

中央处理器

III.Usage

1.Anunusualpresent,abookonethics,wasgiventoHenryforhis

birthday.

2.Thereason(hegave)thathedidn'tnoticethecartilltoolatewas

unsatisfactory.

3.Football,hisonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.

4.Cloninghadbeenraisedasapossibilitydecadesago,thendismissed,

somethingthatseriousscientiststhoughtwassimplynotgoingtohappen

anytimesoon.

ComprehensiveExercises

I.Cloze

2.networking

4.growth

6.facilitate

8.outlook

10.patriotic

12.strikeabalance

(A)

1.academics

3.avarietyof

5.vanish

7.endorsing

9.sweepingaside

11.erasing

(B)

1.aided

2.effects

3.distances

4.connected

5.invested

6.features

7.prevailing

8.qualitatively

9.volume

10.Distinguishing

II.Translation

1.)DuetohispessimisticoutlookontheEuropeaneconomy,John

hasmovedhisassetsfromEuropetoelsewhere.

2)Ilikehiringyoungpeople.Theyareearnestlearnersand

committedtowork.

3)Unlikehergirlfriendswhocentertheirlivesontheirchildren,

Marycaresmoreaboutherpersonalgrowth.

4)Whyisitthataconsiderablenumberofcolleaguesareatodds

withyou?

5)TheChinesegovernmenthasintroducedavarietyofpoliciesto

strengthencooperationwithdevelopingcountries.

2.

GlobalizationhasgreatimplicationsforyoungChinese.Forexample,

youngfarmersaremovingonalargescaletourbanareastolookfor

jobs.Andforthoseyoungpeoplewhoaspiretostudyabroadorworkin

foreign-investedenterprises,Englishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.

Atthesametime,aconsiderablenumberofoverseasChinesestudents

havereturnedhomeinrecentyears,fortheyholdanoptimisticoutlook

forthelong-termgrowthoftheChineseeconomy.Theinternethas

strengthenedthelinksbetweenChineseyoungpeopleandthoseelsewhere.

Theyfollowthelatesttrendandcopyforeignfashions.Someofthem

don'tseemtocarefortraditionalChinesevirtues,letalonecarry

themforward,whichhasgivenrisetoworriesthatthetraditional

Chineseculturemightonedayvanish.

Unit5TextA

oganization1.

Parts

Paragraphs

MainIdeas

PartOne

Paras1

Itisnoeasytojudgepeople,fortheyaren,talwayswhattheyappear

tobe

PartTwo

Paras2-3

Kindandgentle,EdwardBurton,awealthymerchant,appearedasifhe

couldnotbeartohurtafly.

PartThree

Paras4-51

Historyofglobalizationanditsrecenttrendsandfutureprospects

sections

Paragraphs

MainIdeas

sectionOne

Paras4-16

WhatEdwardknewaboutLenny

sectionTwo

Paras17-31

HowEdwardrespondedtoLenny,srequest

sectionThree

Paras32-51

HowEdward,a"kind”gentleman,handledafriendindesperateneedof

help

Vocabulary

I

1)Inaway2)inaccordance3)vacancy4)ingood

condition5)transparent6)rub7)spicy

8)hitherto

9)with(a)badgrace10)instinct11)pawned12)current

2.

1)turnedup2)willstickto3)broughtback4)goabout

5)drivingat6)putaway7)over8)tookaback

3.

1)hasaveryweakconstitution---shemaynotbeabletosurvivethe

operation.

2)wastakenabackbytheinsurancecompany'srejectionofmy

compensationclaim

3)wassomethingofasurprisewhenweranintoeachotherinaplace

likethat.

4)needstrimming/tobetrimmed---it'sgettingtoolong.

5)areoftenseceptive

4.

1)Oddlyenough/wentbroke/wrinkled/hehadgonealltopieces

2)definite/iscapableof/hervanity

3)toomild/sipping/stroke

II.Usage

1.Exceptfor2.exceptthat3.except4.exceptwhen

5.exceptto6.exceptwhat7.exceptwhere8.exceptthat

III.

vocabulary

spelling

AmE

BrE

AmE

BrE

apartment

flat

favorable

favourable

can

tin

paralyze

paralyse

candy

sweets

labor

labour

elevator

lift

meter

metre

faculty

staff(ofauniversity)

catalog

catalogue

firstfloor

groundfloor

leveling

levelling

gas,gasoline

petrol

theater

theatre

mail

post

defense

defence

railroad

railway

plow

plough

pants

trousers

program

programme

subway

tube,underground

practice(v.)

practise

corn

maize

characterize

characterise

store

shop

tire

tyre(onacar)

Comprehensiveexercises

I.Cloze

1.

1).insane2).current3).candid4).capable5).was

takenaback

6).ingoodcondition7).constitution8).goalltopieces

9).Gonebroke10).vacancy11).mild12).deceptive

2.

1).suspected2).pleading3).confirmed4)stunned

5)lucrative6).jewellery7).wealthy8).urge9).

spell10).arrested

II.Translation

1.

1)IhaveaninstinctthatHenrywillseektojointheexpedition,

becauseheissomethingofanadventurer.

2)Heiscapableofstickingtothetaskathand,evenifheisexposed

tonoises.

3)Thetrademarkwasregisteredinaccordancewiththelawshithertoin

force.

4)Oddlyenough,manypeoplevolunteeredtohelporganizethemeeting,

butonlyafewturnedup.

5)Theteacher,saffectionatewords,alongwithhiscandidcomments,

changedthewayMikeperceivedthesocietyandhimself.

2.

Formyownpart,Ifindthatappearancesarealltoooftendeceptive.

Forinstance,youmightbewrongifyoujudgedbyappearancesonly

peoplelikeEdwardHydeBurton.Inappearance,heseemedamanallofa

piece.Hewasatinylittlefellowwithwhitehairandmildblueeyes,

gentleandcandid.Nevertheless,heturnedouttobeverycruel.He

insultedandfooledLennywhowasdownandoutandmadehimcommit

himselftoaninsaneventure.Whatwasstillmoresurprisingwasthat

hewascompletelyindifferenttoLenny'sdeath.Withoutdoubt,Burton

wasamanwithaheartofstone.

KeytoUnit6,Book4"ThePaceofLife”

Vocabulary1

1)appliances2)comparative3)multiply4)distribution

5)prosperity6)decorate7)famine8)largequantitiesof/a

largequantityof

9)streamline10)fax11)pointedthewayto12)bewildered

Vocabulary2

1)eatinto2)clingto

3)standout/stoodout4)wearsaway

5)setabout6)switchoff

7)willbeturnedloose8)pouredin

Vocabulary3

isforecasttobebelowaveragenextyear,whichatthemomentis4

percent.

toenterthebuildingandfindthebabygirlprovedfutileas

rescuersweredrivenoutbytheheatandflames.

wasurgedtodivertsomeofitsattentionfromexpandingproduction

andgetmoreinvolvedwithissuesofmarketdemand.

canreallyeatheavilyintoyourprofitswhenyouaresellingsuits

at£900anddressesat£2,000.

hastoiledendlesslyovertheexercisemachineforthelasttwenty

yearsinordertokeepherbodyinshape.

Vocabulary4

reactionto;discontent;provoked

convention;evadingtax;theconfinesof

aburden;arealwaysonthego/seemforeveronthego;tocope

II.ConfusableWords

1.1)nervousness2)tension3