2024北京丰台区高三一模英语试题及答案

2024北京丰台高三一模英语2024.03本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.515分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ihadn'tseenAnnenearly20yearssincecollege,yetwecouldstillpartylikeoldtimes.Itwasgreathaveherhere,1ourlives.Shewaslookingatthefewblooms(花)leftmyyard.Ihadn'tplantedmuchafterlosingmyjob.Ithadbeena2yearforJustwhenIthoughtIwasdonewiththebitterness,wouldallcomerushingbackandthe3thingonmindflowers.“Oneofmyhobbiesistakingphotosof4,”shesaidandsteadiedherselfnearthelastroseoftheseason.Ishrugged(),wonderingwhyanyonewould.5takingtimelookatalowlyrose.Suddenlyahotsongrangfromhercellphone.“Iremindtakemymedicine,”said“An“Formybrain,”shesmiled.“Ihavebeendiagnosedwitharareasmalltumor(肿块)nobiggerthanyourfingernail,”shelaughedThatwasAnne—ever.Evencancerwasnomorethanjokingabout.SothatIwasbeyondwords.6formedicine?”Ilaughed.“Arewethatold?”78Laternextane-mailfilledwiththeflowerphotospoppedupAnne—clearandbeautiful.hadgottenpastthethepityandunfairness,takingonemomentatatimeandpolishingituntil9.Ishiftedeyetooutside,andIhadherflowersfullbloom.Ialwayshadthem,butwasAnnewhogotmetoreally10them.1.A.saving2.A.normal3.A.lastB.watchingC.sharingB.newC.satisfyingsameC.onlyD.controllingD.D.right4.A.yards5.A.bother6.A.awardflowersavoidorderC.partiesC.missD.peopleD.stopD.ideaC.alarm7.A.optimisticB.attractive8.A.nervousB.shocked9.A.endedB.failed10.A.arrangeB.trustC.hard-workingD.confidentC.relaxedC.shinedC.colourD.luckyD.fruitedD.appreciate第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。第1页/共10页AChineserestaurantshaveplayedimportantroledifferent______(country)worldwide,wheretherecanbespecializedversionsofChinesefood.example,Generalchicken,___12___(name)afteramilitaryleaderoftheQingiswhatAmericanslovetoeatbecauseitissweet,fried.therecipe___13___(change)alottosuitdifferentregionaltastes,leadingtovariationsinthecookingmethodused.BBeingabletounderstandlocaljokesisoftenseenasagreaticebreakerforaforeignlanguagelearner___14___triesstartfriendshipswithnativespeakers.when___15___(study)aforeignlanguage,abeginneralwaysconsidersjokeshardtounderstand.Mostofthetime,jokesareonlyfunnyforpeopleshareaculturalbackgroundorunderstandhumorinsameAndthereis___16___(much)understandingajokeinaforeignlanguagethanunderstandingvocabularyandCThedinnerpartyis___17___threat,announcedarecentlifestylecolumnmight“Howcanthisbe?Don'twethrowpartiesfriendsonspecialoccasions?”But___18___Theworriesaboutisanotherkindofdisappearing.Itisusuallyhostedinone'shome.Invitations___19___(send)outweeksadvanceandthehostspreparefood___20___(careful).nowadays,peopleprefertoeattakeoutfoodontheirsofawhilejugglingamobilephoneandaremotecontrol.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AInThailand,human-elephantconflictisincreasing.localfarmers,elephantsthreatentheirsafetyandeconomiclivelihood.BringElephantHome(BTEH)isanon-profitorganisationwhosemissionistoincreasechancesofsurvivalforelephantsandworktowardsaworldwhichpeopleandelephantscanliveinbenefitingfromeachother'sexistence.BTEH'sprojectsrootinlocalcommunities.Theirworkischaracterisedbythreeprinciples:localinvolvement,ahealthyandbenefitsforpeopleandelephantssimultaneously(同时地).Theyleadtoshareddecisionmaking,ownershipoflocalcommunities,andapeacefulcoexistenceofpeopleandanimals.AgroupofBTEHresearchersandlocalfarmervolunteersareexperimentingwithhowmaketheplantationslessappealingtoelephantsandpreventthemfromcomingintothefarms.AndtheProjectcomesintobeing.ThenameoftheProjectcomesfromtheThaisoup.ingredients()forthesouparechilli,garlic,lemongrass,andonion—noneofwhichareattractiveelephants.Thisprojectgiveshopealternativecropsasasolutiontohuman-elephantconflictinThailand.projectworksinthefollowingsteps.Step1Step2Step3第2页/共10页Regenerative,pesticide-free（无农药）farmingbenefitsfarmersplant,waterandmaintainalternativecrops.Thecommunity-runNurserycreatesalternativecropseedingsStep4Step5Step6Farmersharvestcropsandcreateorganicproductsineco-friendlypackaging.Profitsareusedtorestoreelephanthabitatandsupportlocalfarmers.Consumersmakeadifferencebybuyingproductstocreatedemandthissolution.TheProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativetopromotehuman-elephantcoexistence.somesimilarprojectswillbecarriedoutinSriLanka.21.Accordingtothepassage,BTEH'smissionisto__________.A.developruralcommunitiesB.createhealthyenvironmentsC.improvelocaleconomiclivelihoodpromotehuman-elephantcoexistence22.IntheProject,researchersandlocalfarmers__________.A.formsomeguardingteamsB.volunteertocollectingredientsC.experimentwithalternativecropsD.provideelephantswiththeThaisoup23.Inwhichdofarmersturntheharvestedcropsintohoneyorteas?A.Step2.B.Step3.Step4.D.Step5.BIronmanOnSept.17,2022,andhisson,setoutbeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetition,wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140milesofswimming.bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.Notthatlongago,Johnnycouldbarelywalkafewstepsbecausehewasbornwithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫).Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.FromthedayJohnnywasborn,refusedlethisson'sdisabilityholdhimback.DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeingathlete,helpedengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.socouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingEverymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon,theywereentering5Kraces,thenontoIronmancompetition.wouldactasJohnny'sarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhissonthroughouttherace.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswim.SettlingJohnnyintoakayak,easedhimselfintothe第3页/共10页Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwasverytough.Butworstofall,strugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindcountingnumberoftimesIgotstung(蛰),”hesays.Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They'dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.ButatMile19,Johnnysawtheclocktickingdownandworriedtheywouldn'tmaketheDespitethetiredness,wasconvincedtheyweregoingallrightandthenpickedupthepace.minutesleftand200feettothefinishline,stoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhisracingchairandhandedhimhisrollingAfteryearsofpainstakingwork,Johnnywasdeterminedfinishhisracesonhisown.After16hours,55minutesandseconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlineAsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedawearykeptalowprofile.fatherdidn'twanthisfinishlinemoment,“saystearseyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”24.WhydidleadJohnnytorunning?A.getclosertofulfillJohnny'sdream.C.discoverJohnny'sinterest.D.speedupJohnny's25.Whatchallengedmostinswimmingrace?A.LackofB.Painfrominjuries.C.Mentaltiredness.D.Bodyweightchange.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnnyaccordingtothepassage?A.Strong-willedandgrateful.C.Patientandgenerous.B.andsensitive.D.andhumorous.27.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Fathersarenotborn;theyaremade.C.valueofalovingfatherhasnoprice.D.SuccesscomesfromfailuresalongtheCisoneofhumanity'sgreatestblindspots.experienceasdays,months.oryears.Butnaturefunctionsonmuchgranderscales,measuredcenturies,andevenlongerphasesoftengroupedas“deeptime.”Humanity'sshortsightednessaroundtimecreatesmajorlimitsonmodernconservation.Astheclimateandbiodiversitycrisesaccelerate,weareurgentlyworkingtoprotectandregenerateecosystemswithoutunderstandinghowtheyfunctionedwhentheyweretrulydoingwell.Adeeptimeperspectivecanhelpchangethat.forestmanagement.Fordecades,ourpracticescalledforall-outpreventionofeventhemildestforestfires,believingthatfirewasbadforbothpeopleandnonhumannature.Untilrecentlyweignoredtheforestmanagementstrategiesindigenous(土著的)communitieshadsuccessfullyusedforcenturies,inparticulartheapplicationofsmall-scalecontrolledburns.Fire,turnsout,hasalwaysbeenintegralingredientinhealthyforestecosystems,promotingnewgrowthbythinningthewe'rebeginningtoseewidespreadapplicationofindigenousknowledgetoforestmanagement,tappingintothisancientwisdom.Buthowcanweknowwhatanecosystemlookedlikecenturiesago?Onepathwaythroughmodernmathematicalmodeling.havemarrieditwithstreamsoflong-termdataanddiscoveredapossiblewaypreservetheecosystemofCalifornia'skelpforestByexamininghowNorthPacifickelpforestsexistedlongbeforethe19thwefoundthatwe'veignoredthepresenceofakeystonespecies—theSteller'sseaanditsroleinmaintainingtheharmonyofthisecosystem.第4页/共10页OurmodeldescribedtheinteractionsbetweengiantkelpandunderstoryalgaecompetingforlightandspaceontheThenthemodelagain,butthiswiththeSteller'sseacowaddedin.Thesemammalsontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthegrowthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.Inre-creatingthatvanishedhistoricalsystemthatincludedSteller'sseawecouldamorediverseforestwheretheunderstorycompetedbetterwithkelp.Inshort,whatassumeweknowaboutanecosystembasedontherecentpastmayimpedeourabilitytofullyunderstandandprotectit.ensurethatourboldestconservationaresuccessful,wemustbeginlookingattimeasanessentialtool.28.Accordingtothepassage,whatgetsintheofhuman'sconservationA.LackofinsightsintodeeptimeTheworseningofbiodiversitycrisesC.blindnesstomanagementstrategies.D.Resistancetotakingadeeptimeperspective.29.Whatcanlearnfromthepassage?A.IgnoringSteller'scowledtoecologicalimbalance.B.Peopleprioritizefirepreventionovercontrolledburns.C.MathematicalmodelingmattersmorethanindigenousknowledgeD.Harvestingupperkelpleavesencouragesfreshgrowthinthe30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impede”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Bringforth.B.Boostup.C.Shutdown.D.Holdback.DSeveraldozengraduatestudentsinLondonwererecentlytaskedwithoutwittingalanguagemodel(LLM),atypeofAIdesignedholdusefulconversations.LLMsareoftenprogrammedwithguardrailsdesignedtostopthemgivingharmfulreplies:instructionsonmakingbombsinabathtub,ortheconfidentstatementof“facts”thatarenotactuallytrue.Theaimofthetaskwasbreakthoseguardrails.Someresultsweremerelystupid.Forexample,oneparticipantgotthechatbotclaimduckscouldbeusedindicatorsofairButthemostsuccessfulwerethosethatmadethemachineproducethetitles,publicationdatesandhostjournalsofnon-existentacademicarticles.AIhasthepotentialtoabigbenefitscience.Optimiststalkofmachinesproducingreadablesummariesofcomplicatedareasofresearch;tirelesslyanalysingoceansofdatatosuggestnewdrugsandeven,onecomingupwithhypothesesoftheirown.ButAIcomeswithdownsides,too.Startwiththesimplestproblem:academicmisconduct.Somejournalsallowresearcherstousetohelpwritepapers.Butnoteverybodyiswillingtoadmitit.Sometimes,thefactthatLLMshavebeenusedisobvious.GuillaumeCabanac,acomputerscientist,hasuncovereddozensofpapersthatcontainphrasessuchas“regenerateresponse”-thetextofabuttonsomeversionsofChatGPTthatcommandstheprogramtorewriteitsmostrecentprobablycopiedintothemanuscript(原稿)bymistake.AnotherproblemarisesAImodelsaretrainedonAI-generateddata.LLMstrainedontextfromtheInternet.Astheychurnout(大量炮制)moresuchtext,theriskoftakingintheirownoutputsgrows.Thatcancause“modelcollapse”.2023Iliaacomputerscientist,co-authoredapaperwhichamodelwasfedhandwrittendigitsandaskedtogeneratedigitsofitsown,whichwerefedbackturn.Afterafewcycles,第5页/共10页thecomputer'snumbersbecamemoreorlessillegible.After20iterations(迭代),itcouldproduceonlyroughcirclesorblurrylines.Someworrythatcomputer-generatedinsightsmightcomefrommodelswhoseinnerworkingsarenotunderstood.Inexplainablemodelsarenotuseless,saysDavidLeslieanAI-researchoutfitinLondon,buttheiroutputswillneedrigoroustestingintherealworld.Thatisperhapslessunnervingthanitsounds.Checkingmodelsagainstrealityiswhatscienceissupposedtobeabout,afterall.Foratleast,questionsoutnumberanswers.Thethreatsthatmachinesposethescientificmethodare,theendofthethesameonesposedbyhumans.AIcouldacceleratetheproductionofnonsensejustasmuchasitacceleratesgoodscience.AstheRoyalSocietyhasit,nulliusverba:takenobody'swordforit.Nothing's,31.TheresultofthetaskconductedinLondonshowsthat___________.A.LLMsgiveawayusefulinformationB.theguardrailsturnouttobeineffectiveC.AI'sinfluencewillpotentiallybedecreasedD.theputintothestudyofAIhardlypays32.Whatdoes“modelcollapse”indicate?A.Thereadabilityofthemodels'outputisunderestimated.B.diversesourcesofinformationconfusethemodels.C.onregenerateddatastopsmodelsworkingwell.D.Thedatawillbecomereliableaftercontinuousiterations.33.Accordingtothepassage,people'sworryoverinexplainablemodelsis___________.A.impracticalunjustifiedC.groundlessD.unsettling34.Whatwouldbethebesttitlethepassage?A.FasterNonsense:AICouldAlsoB.ImperfectModels:HowAIMakeAdvances?C.RiseofLLMs:AICouldStillPromisingD.BiggerThreats:AIBeUncontrollable第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。“Findyourpassion!”Whendiscussingfuturecareeroptionsorselectingamajorincollege,yourparentsoftensaythis.Theveryexpressionismeanttoinspire.Butisitgoodadvice?“Finding”apassionimpliesthatalreadyexistsandissimplywaitingtobediscovered.thisideaisnotwhatsciencetellsus.35studythis,researchersaframeworkof“fixed”and“growth”mindsets.Theythatencouragingpeople“find”theirpassionmaycausethemeventuallybelievethatinterestspassionsareinbornandrelativelyunchangeable.36Incontrast,peopleviewinterestsandpassionsasdevelopedhaveagrowthmindsetofinterest.ResearchershaverevealedthatafixedmindsetofinterestcandecreaseIfpeoplebelievetheyarelimitedtoonlyafewinborninterestsand,inconsequence,donotexploreotherareas,theymaymissseeingimportantconnectionsacrossdomains.37第6页/共10页peoplecandoaembraceagrowthmindsetofinterest.First,realizethatyourinterestsandpassionsaren'tpre-existing.anactiveroleindevelopingyourpassions.Second,practisepositiveself-talk.Whenyoulackinterestanewtask,payattentiontoyourinnerdialogue.38Forexample,change“I'mnotinterestedthis”to“I'mnotinterestedthisyet,butIknowthatinterestcandevelopwithtimeandengagement.”39Butagrowthmindsetofinterestwillhelpyouremainopenandcurious.sciencetellsusweshouldworktowardlovingwhatwedo.mightbecomemorecreativeandresilientasaresult.A.Socanagrowthmindsetofinterestbetaught?B.Insteadpassions,likeinterests,aredeveloped.C.Peoplethinkthishaveafixedmindsetofinterest.D.Ofcourse,noteveryactivitywillbecomeaburningpassion.E.Assuch,seeinginterestsasfixedlimitstheircreativepotential.Don'texpectthatpursuingnewinterestswillalwaysbeeasyorexciting.G.Replaceself-criticalthoughtswithpositiveonesthatencouragegrowthandlearning.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32)第一节(共4小题；第40、412分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Inordertofitinandmakefriendsinanewschool,Amandaobservedhowherclassmatesbehavedandinteractedeachperfectlyadoptedthemannerismsoftheclassmatesaroundlaughingattheirjokes,noddinginagreementwiththeiropinions,hidingherselfintosomeoneshethoughtotherswantedhertobedonethese.Thisissocialmasking,theprocessofholdingbackorhidingournaturalwayofinteractingwithotherswecanfeelaccepted.Inaworldthatoftentellsustojustbeourselves,youmightwondermanyofusrelyonsocialmasking.“Socialmaskinghappensbecauseweasaspecieswanttobeincluded,”sayspsychologistDipti“It'satribal(群体的)thingofbeingtogetherratherthanbeingonourown.allhavecertainmasksprotectourselvesfromexposureanddifference.”Whilemaskingcanhelpusdealwithsocialsituations,canalsocomewithnegativeconsequences.Hidingourbehavioursandinterestsconstantlycanleadtoastrongfeelingofseparation,disconnection,andinternalconflict.Asaresult,wemayexperienceaheightenedandincreasedpossibilityofdevelopingdepressionaswestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsandsignsthatotherstakeforgranted.amaskisnotourownskin.mayfeelextremelytiredaftersocialengagementsandwantspendtimealoneordertofeellikeourselves.“Thegoalistofeelsafeenoughtoremovethemask,”says“It'scrucialindividualstoreceiveacceptanceandsupportfortheyare,ratherthanfeelingliketheyneedtohidetheirtrueselvesordertofitin.”40.Whatissocialmasking?41.Whydomanyofusrelyonsocialmasking?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplain➢Whenpeoplestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsthatothersconsidernormal,theywillfeellessdepressed.43.Inadditiontomasking,whatelsecanyoudotoinwhenyouareinanewenvironment?(Inabout40words)44.第7页/共10页第二节(20)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris想了解不同颜色在中国文化中的涵义。请你用英文给他回一封邮件，内容包括：1.颜色及其涵