英语句型结构与句子成分划分

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载英语句子成分与句型结构划分一、句子成分划分<1>句子成分的分类1.Subject(主语)Thesunrisesintheeast.2.Predicate.（谓语）WestudyEnglish.3.Object（宾语）WeloveChina.4.Predictive（表语）WeareChinese.5.Attributive/Attribute（定语）Thisisadifficultproblem.6.Completement(补语)Weelectedhimmonitor.7.Adverbial（状语）Herunsfast.8.Appositive（同位语）ThisisMissZou,myteacher.9.Parenthesis（插入语）Tobefrank,Idon’tagreewithyou.1.主语:主语表示句子要说明的人或事物。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。如Thestudentsstudyhard.Heusuallygoestoschoolat7:30.Oneandonemaketwo.Totellalieiswrong.Learningaforeignlanguagetakesalongtime.WhotaughtyouEnglishlastyear?2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致(1)由动词的各种时态语态表示。1)Hegoestoschooleveryday.2)Theyareswimming.3)Shecaughtupwiththeothersveryquickly.4)ThiskindofmachineismadeinChina.(2)由“情态动词+动词原形”表示。WemustworkhardatEnglish.

Therecordercanberepairedintwodays.(3)由“连系动词+表语”表示。Myfatherisadoctor.

Hefeelsbettertoday.3.表语:表语和连系动词一起构成谓语，表示主语的性质、特征、身份等。一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词或短语充当。如1)Heruncleisateacher.2)Hebecameangry.3)Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.

4.宾语:动作的承受者。如1)Thechildneedshelp.2)Theyallhelpedus.3)Ihopetoseeyouagain4)Tomlikesswimming5)Mymotherboughtaskirtforme.（双宾语）6)I’lllendittoyoutomorrow.（双宾）7)Hegavemeamapoftheworld.双宾有些及物动词需要两个宾语，一个指物，一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前，但为了强调间接宾语，可把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.5.宾语补足语：有些动词除需要一个宾语外，还得有一个宾语补足语，句子意义才能完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，这是宾语和宾语补足语的主要依据。如1)Wefoundthestoryquiteinteresting.2)Weaskedhimtohelpus.3)Isawachildplayingonthegrass.6.定语:定语修饰名词或代词。如1)Ourclassroomiscleanandbright.2)Thebookhereisveryinteresting.3)Themaninabrownjacketismyfather.4)ThisisthehousewhereIlivedthreeyearsago.5)Thestudents’reading-roomisonthesecondfloor.英语中放在被修饰词（中心词）前面的成为前置定语放在被修饰词后面的称为后置定语。一般来说，当定语修饰some,any,every,no等所构成的复合不定代词时，定语需后置。如

1)Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2)Thereisnothingwrongwiththesentence.7.状语:修饰动词、形容词或副词，也可以修饰整个句子。状语说明地点、时间、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度等。如果状语和地点状语同时出现，一般是时间状语放在最后，地点状语放在时间状语之前。如1）Hewasborninshanghaiin1970.2）ThemeetingistobeheldinRoom401tomorrowevening.8.同位语ThisisMr.Zhou,ourteacher.9.插入语Tobehonest,Idon’tagreewithyou.二.句子类型(1)简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）构成的句子。1)简单句的类别1.陈述句（肯定句、否定句）2.疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）3.祈使句4.感叹句（How+adj.(+S+V)!What+n.(+S+V)!2)简单句的基本词序主语谓语宾语状语Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Thetaxidrivershoutedatmeangrily.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.Ayounggirlwalkedconfidentlyonthestage.(2)、并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句1.Ihelphimandhehelpsme.2.Hefailedmanytimesbuthewasn’tdiscouraged.3.Wemusthurry,orweshallmissthetrain.4.Notonlydidhewritetousbutalsohecamehereyesterday.5.Eitherhedidn’tspeakclearlyorIdidn’thearwell.(3)、复合句：简单句中的某一个成分由一个句子来充当。1.名词性丛句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句1)Whathesaidjustnowisright.2)Hesaidthathehadseenthefilm.3)Thisiswhyhedidn’tgotoschool.4)Thenewsthathehaspassedtheexammademehappy.引导名词性从句的连词有:that,which,if,whether,who,whom,whose,when,how,where,why,ever.2.修饰性从句：定语从句1)ThemanwhoisstandingthereisWhite.2)Thebuildingwhichwasbuiltisaschool.3)ThisistheplacewhereIlived.引导定语从句的连词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why.3.副词性从句：状语从句(条件、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步状语从句）when,while,as,assoonas,after,since,until,till,where,if,unless,because,inorderthat,so…that…,though,wherever,whenever,as…as,notso…as,than三.五种简单句的结构１.主语＋连系动词＋表语连系动词的类别:(1)be(2)感官动词：look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,feel(3)表持续的动词：remain,keep,stay,continue(4)表变化的动词：get,become,turn,grow,go例：1）The

story

sounds

interesting.

2）

Her

dream

has

come

true.

3）Mybooksareonthedesk.4）Thefoodseems（tobe）nice. 练习1:翻译下列句子:1)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。________________________________________2)丝绸摸起来又软又滑。3)

我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。4).天气变得越来越暖和。5)这个事实证明是正确的。6)

那种食物已经变质了。_______________________________..２.主语＋谓语（不及物动词）(常+状语)常见的动词有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,work等等。Tomdied.Therainstopped.Hesmiledhappily.The

Second

World

War

broke

out

in

1939.

Theoldmanwalksinthepark.练习2:翻译下列句子:7)水开了.8)我们努力学习。9)火车就要开了。10)昨天晚上发生了事故。注：不及物动词与介词连用时，其后也可跟宾语。例如：PeteriswaitingforKateatschoolgate． ３.主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语及物动词后需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才能使句意表达完整、准确。作宾语的成分是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。e.g.WestudyEnglish.Doyouknowhim?

Yourradioneedsrepairing.Shehopestoseeheruncle.11)我昨天看了一部电影。_______________.12)你戒烟了吗？13)他们想和我们融洽相处。补充:少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead,live,die,sleep,dream,breathe,smile,laugh,fight,run,sing等。例如：Thepeasantsleadahappylife.Idreamedaterribledreamlastnight.OursoldiersfoughtawonderfulfightagainstthefloodslastAugust.Hediedagloriousdeath.练习3:翻译下列句子:14)他正在做功课。15）不要嘲笑同学。16）我不明白你在说什么。17)她每天晚上看电视。

18)明天下午我们将进行英语考试。19)大多数人很喜欢轻音乐。

４.主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋间宾＋直宾能跟双宾语的动词常见的（for）有:buy,make,cook,get,choose,sing,find,order(订购),do,play(演奏)等。例如：UncleLiboughtmeabirthdaypresent．(＝UncleLiboughtabirthdaypresentforme．)能跟双宾语的动词常见的（to）有:give,lend,teach,take,return,send,pass,tell,sell,write,show,bring,leave,offer,hand等。例如：Pleasepasshimacupoftea．(＝Pleasepassacupofteatohim．)

注：若直接宾语是人称代词时，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如：误：Pleasegivemethem．正：Pleasegivethemtome．练习4:翻译下列句子:20)我给他一些钱．21)他给我买了一些书．22)

请把你的画给我看一下。23)我会给你提供机会的。▲间接宾语可改成由to引起的短语，表示动作向谁。▲间接宾语可改成由for引起的短语，表示动作为谁５.主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词即非谓语动词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。"宾语

+

宾语补足语",也可称之为复合宾语。1．后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,make,choose,think，elect,appoint等。Eg.WecallhimTomforshort． 2．后跟形容词做宾语补足语的动词有keep,make,find,get,think等。Eg.It’sveryhothere．We’dbetterkeepthewindowsopen．3．能接非谓语动词做宾补的动词有感官动词和使役动词感官动词（see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,listento,hear,find,feel,..）+宾语+宾补（do,v-ing,done）Eg.Wesawhimplayingintheplayground.使役动词（make,have,get,let,cause,…）+宾语+宾补（do/todo,v-ing,done）其中：make,have,let+宾语+宾补（do,v-ing,done）get,cause+宾语+宾补（todo,v-ing,done）4．另外表愿望,命令,要求等意义的动词后可接todo来当宾语补足语,如ask,want,wish,expect,like,tell,order...Heaskedmetopasshimthebook..Ourheadteacherwantsustokeeptheclassroomclean.如：

We

elected

Liu

Lei

monitor.

（elect,choose,appoint,make,call,name等词后面跟表示职位的名词做宾语补足语时，职位名词前不要冠词）The

news

made

him

unhappy.

You

shouldn't

let

him

go

there

alone.

I

had

the

bike

repaired.

Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean.

Sheaskedmetocallhimagain. 练习5:翻译下列句子:24)我认为这工作容易。25)他把墙漆成白色。26）Anne叫她的日记Kitty。27)那消息使我很高兴。28)他听见有人在敲门。29)那故事使我们笑了起来。30）我们发现他是一个诚实的人。_____________________________________.▲There…be/stand/lie/live结构1）Thereisacomputeronthedesk.2）TherewillbethousandsofvisitorinGuangzhounextmonth.3）Thereusedtobeariverhere.4）Therestandsatempleonthetopofthemountain.5）Therelivedanoldfishermanhere10yearsago.练习6:翻译下列句子:31)课室里有很多桌子。32)树下有一个漂亮的女孩。33)Tom在中国有许多朋友。_________________________________________练习7:划分下列斜体字部分的句子成分:1.Thepriceisgoingdownabitinthecarmarketabroad.2.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.3.Layingeggsisantqueen’sfull-timejob.4.ShewasthefirsttowintheNobelPrizetwice.5.Hereturnedawhite-haired,wiseoldman.6.ToswimacrosstheChannelisawonderfulexperience.7.Thereremainsmuchtotalkabout.8.HowlongdidtheCivilwarlast?9.Thedyingistakengoodcareofinhishospital.10.Thereisnoneedtohavefurtherdiscussionaboutit.11.Allhaschangedsincetherulesweremade.12.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheritrainsornot.13.Itsoundslikeatrainthatisgoingunderthehouse.14.Themanwasfounddeadthenextday.

答案1).Thefoodtastesveryterrible.2).Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.3)Weshouldkeepmodestanytime.

4)Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.5).Thefactproveright.6）Thefoodhasgonebad.7）Thewaterboiled.8)Westudyhard.9)Thetrainisstarting/leaving..10)Theaccidenttookplacelastnight.11)Isawafilmyesterday.12)Doyoustopsmoking?13)Theywanttogetalongwellwithus.14）Heisdoinghislessons.15)Don’tlaughatclassmates.16)Idon’tunderstandwhatyouaredoing.17)ShewatchesTVeveryevening.18)WewillhaveanEnglishexamtomorrowafternoon,19)Mostofpeoplelikesoftmusic.20)Igavehimsomemoney.=tohim.21)Heboughtmesomebooks.=forme.22)Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.23)I'llofferyouagoodchance.24)Ithinkthejobeasy.25)Hepaintedthewallwhite.26)AnncalledherdiaryKitty.27)Thenewsmademehappy.28)Heheardsomebodyknockingatthedoor.29)Thestorymadeuslaugh.