高考英语培优增分一轮人教经典版特训必修334Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestarsa

Ⅰ.阅读理解ANASA'sNewHorizonsprobe(宇宙探测器)flewbyPluto(冥王星)thismorning,sendingbackhistory'sfirstup－closelooksatthevastfreezing－coldworld.Closestapproachcameat7：49amEDT.Tocelebrate,NASAgaveoutthelatestphotoofPluto.Itshowedareddishworldwithanamazingheart－shapedfeatureonitssurface.Aftertoday'scloseencounter,alltheninesolarsystem'straditionallyrecognizedplanetshavenowbeenvisitedbyaspaceship—ahugeprojectbegunin1962whenNASA'sMariner2probeflewpastVenus,aplanetinthesolarsystem.Morethan1,200scientists,NASAguestsandimportantpersons,including200reporters,watchedtheflybyliveatNewHorizons'missioncontrolcenter.Thatcloseencounterhasbeenalongtimeing.The$723millionNewHorizonsmissionlaunchedinJanuary2006butbegantakingshapein1989.“NewHorizonsis‘acapstonemission’，”GlenFountain,missionprojectmanagertoldSpace..“Itisthefirstpletionoftheobservationsofoursolarsystem.Itisgivingusanewideaabouthowwehumanbeingsfitintotheuniverse.”“NewHorizonsfacedacrazynumberofchallenges，”Stern,adrivingforcebehindNewHorizonssaid,“Somanypeoplestuckwiththisforsolong.Theygotknockeddown;theystoodup.Theygotknockeddownagain;theystoodupagain.”Inacoincidence,today'scloseapproachfallsonthe50thanniversaryofthefirstflybyofMars,anotherplanet,whichwaspletedbyNASA'sMariner4spaceship.Therearenolongernineofficiallyrecognizedplanets,ofcourse.TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionregardedPlutoas“adwarfplanet”in2006,inadecisionthatremainscontroversial(有争议的)today.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道类文章，主要讲述了科学家对太阳系行星冥王星的最新探测成果。1．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．IdeasstillvaryintheidentityofPluto.B．Onlyscientistscouldwatchtheflybylive.C．Marsisthefirstplanetvisitedbyaspaceship.D．NewHorizonsmissionaimedtoobservethesolarsystem.答案：A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，科学家对冥王星的分类还是有争议的。故答案是A。2．GlenFountainmayprobablyagreethat________.A．itisthemostdifficulttolandonPlutointhesolarsystemB．NewHorizonsmissionisalongandtroublesomeprojectC．theirstrongdeterminationleadstothesuccessfulflybyD．peoplearelikelytofindnewwaystofitintospace答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，格伦·方丹认为人们或许会发现新的方法去探究太空。故答案是D。3．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ANewHorizonsProbeB．NASA'sHugeProjectC．Pluto,aControversialPlanetD．ACloseApproachtoPluto答案：D标题判断题。文章主要讲述了对太阳系行星冥王星的探测。故答案选D。BGotbigplansforFridaynight?That'sOK,wedon'teither.Guesswe'llallhavetomakedobywatchingthecelestial(天空的)showthatwilltakeplacethatnight.First,therewillbeafullmoon.That'salwaysfun,butthisonewillbealittlemorespecial.It'sknownasa“snowmoon”.ThenameesfromthefactthattheheaviestsnowsusuallyfallduringFebruary,accordingtoTheOldFarmer'sAlmanac.Butifthat'snotspecialenough,there'salsoaneclipse(月食)thatnight.It'llbeapenumbrallunareclipse,meaningit'sapartialeclipsethatleavessectionsofthemoondarkenedbytheearth'sshadow.No,itwon'tbeasspectacularasthose“bloodmoon”eclipses.It'llbesubtler.Thelevelofdarknessitreachesduringtheeclipsemayormaynotbeapparent;itjustdependsonwhereyouarewhenyouviewit.InNorthAmerica,theeclipsebeginsat5：34pmETandendsat9：53pmET,accordingtotheastronomywebsiteEarthSky.Theeclipsewillbeatitsheightaround7：44pmET.Ifthat'sstillnotenough,let'sthrowinaet(彗星)tothenight'sfestivities.et45P(ithasamuchlongername,butwewon'tburdenyouwithithere)isvisibleasitfliesbytheearth.Theetwillgetwithin7.4millionmilesoftheplanetasitmakesitsclosestapproachthisweekend,accordingtoUniverseToday.et45Pwillbemostvisibleacoupleofhoursaftertheeclipse,solooktotheskiesagainaround3amETSaturdayandfindthegreenish­bluelightwithatail.Anddon'tforget,atotalbig­timesolareclipsewillstreakacrosstheUnitedStatesonAugust21st.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了星期五晚上将会发生的天文现象。4．Accordingtothetext,whatcanbeviewedonFridaynight?A．Abloodmoon. B．Atotalsolareclipse.C．Apartiallunareclipse. D．Aetwithoutatail.答案：C细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，星期五晚上将会出现月偏食，故选C项。5．Ifyouwanttoseeet45P,youwillneedto________.A．waitaround7：44pmETB．stayupuntil9：53pmETC．wakeupbefore3：00amETD．startwatchingat5：34pmET答案：C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“solooktotheskiesagainaround3amETSaturday”可知，要想看到45P彗星，你需要在凌晨三点之前起床。6．Theauthorwritesthetextwiththepurposeof________.A．introducingbasicastronomytothemediaB．sharingnewdiscoverieswithastronomyresearchersC．promotingastronomicaleventsamongsciencestudentsD．informingaveragereadersofrecentcelestialphenomena答案：D推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了星期五晚上将会发生的几个天文现象，因此作者的写作目的是介绍这些现象给读者。7．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．et45PwillbevisibleasitapproachestheearthB．ThepenumbrallunareclipsewillhappenonFridaynightC．SuggestionsoffunscientificexhibitionsfortheingweekendD．Theeclipse,fullmoonandetteamuptoputonashowonFridaynight答案：D标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了几个天文现象并给出了每个天文现象的观看时间，因此选D项。Ⅱ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MasterYourDeadlinesThestrugglebeginsinhighschool,sometimesearlier.Deadlines,andlotsofthem,starttopileup.Atcollege,thepressuresometimesleadstolast­minuterushandunsatisfactorywork.Atwork,failingtomeetdeadlinescaneasilygetyoufired.__1__Hereareafewbestpractices.●Assigndeadlinestowhatmatters.Ifthetaskisn'tofhighimportance,don'tsetaspecificdeadline.Inthisway,youareabletokeepitonyourradarforawhilewithoutfeelingpressured.__2__Thiswillprovidejustenoughpressuretoensureyougetitdone.●__3__Setapersonaldeadlineforyourselfadayortwobeforetheactualdeadline.__4__Ifyou'reworkingwithagroupofpeople,addinevenmoretimetoaccountforpotentialfollow­upsandtheneedforapprovals.●Keepmunicating.__5__Thismeanslettingothersknowwhensomethingistakinglongerthanexpected,whenadeliverydidn'tein,whenaclientisnotprovidingthenecessaryinformation,etc.Althoughitmayfeelembarrassingtoadmitthatsomethingisnotonschedule,beinghonestismuchbetterforrelievingyourstress.A．Planforflexiblehours.B．Finishyourprojectasearlyaspossible.C．Butifanactivityisurgent,setadeadlineimmediately.D．Inthisway,you'llneverhavetostayuplateandfeelstressed.E．Buthandledproperly,deadlinescanactuallyimproveproductivity.F．Wheneveryoufeelchallengedtofinishworkontime,municate.G．Soifanythingtakeslongerthanexpected,youcanstillwrapitupandsubmititontime.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了三个按时完成任务的方法。1．E设空处前几句叙述了不能按最后期限完成任务会造成的不良后果。E项“但是处理得当的话，最后期限实际上能提高生产效率”与前面形成对比，用来引入本文的话题，起承上启下的作用。故选E。2．C设空前一句表述次要工作不必设定最后期限，空格下一句是说这样做的话你就会有足够的压力来确保完成工作。由此可知，空格处介绍的是如何安排重要的、紧急的事务。C项“但如果这件事很紧急，就立刻设置最后期限”符合语境。故选C。3．A根据空格所在的位置可知，空处为该段的标题。该段主要论述如何灵活地安排时间。A项“灵活安排工作时间”概括了该段主旨，适合作标题。故选A。4．G根据空格上句“Setapersonaldeadlineforyourselfadayortwobeforetheactualdeadline.”可知，要把自己的最后期限设在实际最后期限的前一两天。由此可以判断，G项“所以如果实际花费时间超出预期时间，你仍然可以按时完成并递交工作”与上一句之间为因果关系，符合语境。故选G。5．FF项中的“municate”与该段标题“Keepmunicating.”相对应，符合该段主题，当你无法按时完成任务时，应当和别人沟通交流。故选F。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganhavefoundthatastronauts'brainschangeshapeduringspaceflight.Itisthefirststudy__1__(look)intohowthebrainchangesinspace.Researcherslookedathigh­techMRI(磁共振成像)picturesofthebrainsof26astronautswhospenttimeinspace.Twelveofthe__2__(astronaut)spenttwoweeksontheSpaceShuttle,and14spentsixmonthsontheInternationalSpaceStation.Allofthem__3__(experience)increasesanddecreasesinthesizeof__4__(differ)partsofthebrain.Thelongeranastronautspentinspace,the__Theresearchproducedsome__6__(interest)findings.Onewasthatnogravitymeansfluidsdonotdropinthebody,__7__thereisashiftinthebrain'spositioninsidetheskull.Thebrainbeeseithersmallerorbigger.Thefindingscouldhelpdoctorstotreatproblemsthataffectthebrain'sfunction.Theycouldtreatpeoplewithproblems__8__(cause)bylong­termbedrest.Theycouldalsohelpthosewhohaveabuild­upoffluidinthebrain,whichcanlead__9__braindamage.Wewillunderstandmoreabout__10__neurons(神经元)inthebrainconnect.ThefindingswillalsohelpfuturetripstoMars.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。密歇根大学的研究人员发现，在太空飞行过程中，宇航员的大脑会改变形状。1．tolook考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，tolookintohowthebrainchangesinspace是定语，修饰thefirststudy。当名词前有序数词修饰时，后面常接动词不定式作定语。2．astronauts考查名词的复数。astronaut是可数名词。且根据“twelveof...”可知，宇航员不止一个，故应用复数形式。3．experienced考查动词的时态。由上文可知，该句描述过去的事情，故该句应用一般过去时。4．different考查词性转换。此处用形容词修饰名词parts。5．bigger考查形容词的比较级。句意：宇航员在太空度过的时间越长，差别就越大。“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”结构，意为“越……，越……”。故该空应填big的比较级bigger。6．interesting考查词性转换。interesting是形容词，意为“有趣的，有意思的”，修饰名词findings。7．so考查连词。句意：一个发现是，没有重力意味着液体不会落到体内，所以，颅骨内大脑的位置有所变化。前后两句之间是因果关系，故该空应填连词so。8．caused考查非谓语动词。句意：他们可以治疗一些人因为长期卧床而引发的问题。分析句子结构可知，causedbylong­termbedrest是定语，修饰pro