适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习Unit2Lessonsinlife外研版选择性必修第四册

Unit2LessonsinlifeⅠ.阅读理解AAasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.Aasritha’screativitykickedinassheresearchedexistingbottle-openingdevices.Sheusedapieceofwoodshapedlikeacellphoneandputthreeholesonit,eachindifferentsizeandlinedwithalayerofdried,stickyhotglue,whichprovidedfirmgrips(防滑力)forcommonbottlecaps.Withasimpletwisting(拧)motion,hergrandmothercouldopenbottleswithoutassistance.“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview,”saidTeacherMarkBolt.“Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.”Otherstudentsintheclassalsoshowedsensitivityastheywatchedfriendsandfamilystrugglewithdailytasks.MichaelKuwashimanoticedhowdyslexia—areadingdisorderthatthebraintendstoconfusetheorderofnumbers,lettersandotherimages—madeitdifficultforafriendtofollowalongonpagesfulloftext.Therefore,Michaelcreatedasmalladjustablewindow-blind-styledevice.“Myfriendcouldisolate(分离)smallsectionsoftextwhilereading,”hesaid.ArjanGargfocusedonadifferentproblem.Sometimesputtingonclothescanbehardforpeoplewithalimitedrangeofmotion.Arjancreateda“dressingstick”usingfourwoodsticksofdifferentsizestofitdifferentclothing.Thestudentstrieddifferentversionsoftheirproductsalongthewaytomakethebestonetoshowtheclass.Ratherthanrequirestep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.“Ifwewanttodobetter,wehavetohaveachancetofail,”hesaid.1.WhydidAasrithacreateanewbottle-openingdevice?A.Shehopedtogetahigherscore.B.Shewasinterestedinengineering.C.Shehaddifficultyopeningbottlecaps.D.Shewantedtohelphergrandmother.2.Whatdidstudentslearnfromtheclass?A.Workingwithothers.B.Conductingfieldexperiments.C.Understandingothers’feelings.D.Communicatingwithproductusers.3.Howdidstudentsfinishtheirassignment?A.Withtheaidofaguidebook.B.Throughtrialanderror.C.Withthehelpofclassmates.D.Underthedetailedinstructions.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Aninspiringclass.B.Anexcellentteacher.C.Somescientificmethods.D.Sometalentedstudents.BYoudrinkdietsodaenjoyingthesweettastewithouttheguiltofcalories.Butscientistshavelongsuspectedalinkbetweenartificialsweeteners(甜味剂)andobesityinhumans.Anewstudysuggeststhatartificialsweetenersmaynotbeasharmlessasoncethought.Theymaynotonlydisturbthemicrobes(微生物)livinginthebodiesofhumans,butsomemayevenincreasetheriskofweightgain.Everyhumanhostsauniquegroupofmicrobes.Thenumberofcellsthatmakeupthisvastcommunity,calledmicrobiome(微生物群),isextremelylargeinthehumanbody.Itnotonlyhelpsdigestionbutalsoprotectsagainstdiseases.Thedisturbancetothemicrobiomeoccursbecauseartificialsweeteners,althoughzerocaloriesforhumans,serveasnutrientsforsomemicrobes,whichthenincreaserapidly.Thiscausesanimbalanceinmicrobialpopulationsthatcanleadtodiseases.Inthestudy,scientistsfirstchose1,375volunteerstoseeiftheyconsumedartificialsweetenersintheirdailylives.Then,theyidentified120volunteerswhowerenotpreviouslyexposedtoartificialsweetenersandgavethemoneofthefourcommonlyusedsweeteners—saccharin,sucralose,aspartame,andsteviafortwoweeks.Afterthat,totesthowartificialsweetenersaffectthebody’sabilitytocontrolthesuddenincreaseofbloodsugarafterconsumingsugaraspartofmeals,volunteersweremonitoredforbloodglucose(血糖)levelsafteratestglucosedrink.Thestudyshowedthatsucraloseandsaccharinpushedthebodytowardsglucoseintolerance,which,ifsustained,cancauseweightgain.However,aspartameandsteviadidnotaffectglucosetoleranceatthetestedlevels.“Thestudyisthefirsttoshowthatthehumanmicrobiomerespondstoartificialsweeteners.It’salsoaconvincingstudytoshowhowthesesweetenersreallyareaffectingthehumanbody,”saysMichaelGoran,aprofessoratChildren’sHospitalLosAngeles.“Thisstudyprovidesevidenceofbothshort-termharmfuleffectsandlong-termnegativeeffectscausedbyartificialsweeteners,”DavidKatz,anutritionspecialist,says.“Thatdoesnotmeanartificialsweetenersshouldbereplacedwithsugar.Rather,alternativeapproachestoreducingsugarintakeshouldbeconsidered.”5.Whatdoesthenewstudyreveal?A.Dietsodacontainsmorecaloriesthansugarydrinks.B.Exercisecanhelppeoplereducetheriskofdiseases.C.Artificialsweetenershavenegativeeffectsonhumans.D.Obesityisthemostcommonhealthproblemamongadults.6.Howdosweetenersdisturbthemicrobiome?A.Itprobablydestroysthefunctionofdigestion.B.Itusuallycausesarapidlossofhealthycells.C.Itsometimesfeedsharmfulbacteriainthebody.D.Itoftenleadstoasharpgrowthofcertainmicrobes.7.Whichaspectoftheexperimentistalkedaboutinparagraph3?A.Itsresults.B.Itsprocess.C.Itsbackground.D.Itssubjects.8.WhatdoesDavidKatzadvisepeopletodo?A.Introduceataxonsugarydrinks.B.Bantheuseofartificialsweeteners.C.Raisethepricesofsugar-freedrinks.D.Findotherwaystolimitsugarintake.CAnumberofrecentstudiesoffamiliesinseveralAsiancountrieshelptoshedlightonhowgrandparentsareinvolvedincoparenting,whichresearchersdefineasthesharingofchildcareandupbringingresponsibilityamongtwoormoreadults.Thesestudiessuggestthatchildrenbenefitwhenparentshavestrongrelationshipswithcoparentinggrandparents.ResearcherLiXiaoweiandhercoworkersrecentlyexploredparent-grandparentcoparentinginChina,whereitisverycommon.Intheir2019study,nearly180mothersofpreschoolerscompletedquestionnaires(问卷调查)abouttheircoparenting.Themajorityoffamilieslivedinthree-generationalhouseholds,and80%offamilieshadonlyonechild.Thequestionnaireaskedaboutpositiveaspectsoftheparent-grandparentcoparentingrelationship,likehowmuchtheyagreedandfeltcloseaswellaschallengingaspectslikehowmuchtheyhadconflictinfrontofthechild.Theresearchersalsomeasuredhowcompetentmothersfeltinusingparentingstrategiesandteachingtheirchildrenage-appropriateskills.Thefindings?Motherswhohadstrongcoparentingrelationshipswithgrandparentstendedtofeelmoreeffectiveintheirroleasaparent,and,inturn,theirchildrentendedtobemoresociallycompetent.That’sbecausegrandparents,withtheirrichexperience,canprovidesupport,rolemodeling,andencouragementwhentheyraisechildren,whichcouldinfluencehowcompetentmothersfeelintheirparentingrole.Andwhenmothersarefeelingmoreconfident,theycanapproachparentingwithmorepositivity,whichcanboosttheirchildren’ssocialdevelopment.Parent-grandparentcoparentingalsoseemstoinfluenceotheraspectsofchildren’sdevelopment,suchaspreschoolers’effortfulcontrol—theirabilitytoregulatehowtheyrespondtoasituationandnoticenoveltyormistakes.Forpreschoolers,itmightcomeintoplaywhentheygetagifttheydon’tlike,orhavetofigureouthowtosharetoys.Thisresearchongrandparentshighlightsthathandlingthecoparentingrelationshipisnotwithoutitschallenges.Butgrandparents’involvementinchildren’supbringingcanbringgreatbenefitsforfamiliesandgrandparentsthemselves.9.Whatmightbeincludedinthequestionnaire?A.Grandparents’agegap.B.Thesupportgrandparentsgive.C.Theincomethefamilyhave.D.Grandparents’attitudetoeducation.10.Whatistheconclusionofthestudy?A.Parentsandgrandparentscangetalongwell.B.Mothers’abilityhasaneffectontheirchildren.C.Goodcoparentingrelationshipsbenefitchildren.D.Parent-grandparentcoparentingisbecomingpopular.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5probablyreferto?A.Effortfulcontrol.B.Theresponse.C.Thedevelopment.D.Themistake.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheTrendofCoparentingIsCatchingoninAsiaB.HowYoungParentsThinkofGrandparents’HelpC.CoparentingRelationshipsAreBecomingComfortableD.WhatHappensWhenGrandparentsHelpRaiseChildrenⅡ.完形填空Growingup,Iwasfortunatetohavedinnerwithmyfamilyalmosteveryday.Sometimes,thefamilydinnercircle1toincluderelativesstoppingby.Yet,Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinneroreven2theentireevening.SoI3thequalitytimearoundourkitchentable,whichwitnessedcountlessvaluable4inmylife.

5,mykidscannotrelatetomychildhoodmemories.Theyhavebeenleftto6withbabysittersmoretimesthanIwouldliketoadmit.MyhusbandandIhave7careers.Andweoftenendupstayingattheofficewaypastdinnertime.Whenthishappenstoooften,it8thebalanceofourfamily.

Apartfromsufferingfrom9,whatelsecanahardworkingfamilydo?Ithinkwecanalltryto10ourownwaystospendtimetogether.SurelytherearedayswhenI’mtoobusytoshareamealwithmyfamily.ButIwouldmakeeffortsto11andchatlaterthatday,12settingasidecellphoneseverytime.AndIevenfindabedtimereadingwithmykidsmuch13.Iamalsoproudtohaveour“bigbreakfast”routineeverySaturday.Myhusbandservesastheheadchef,andmyyoungerson14himtomakethebreakfast.

Iamawarethatmysonsaregrowingupquicklyandwillbeoutofthe15someday.Butnow,Iamhappytohavesomanywonderfulthingsonmyplate.

1.A.widenedB.formedC.lessened D.closed2.A.missed B.avoidedC.enjoyed D.recorded3.A.wasted B.treasuredC.limited D.calculated4.A.shows B.dishesC.recipes D.moments5.A.However B.OtherwiseC.Therefore D.Besides6.A.sleep B.dineC.study D.play7.A.suitable B.flexibleC.satisfying D.demanding8.A.maintains B.disturbsC.improves D.strikes9.A.fear B.angerC.guilt D.hunger10.A.predict B.createC.evaluate D.accept11.A.workout B.calmdownC.holdon D.catchup12.A.unwillingly B.casuallyC.consciously D.carelessly13.A.louder B.shorterC.simpler D.sweeter14.A.assists B.guidesC.allows D.orders15.A.office B.kitchenC.house D.parkⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Afterbeingbusyforhalfayear,myparentsdecidedtodrivemetoascenicspotoutsidethecitytohavefun.Joyfully,weplannedourdrivingroute.Then,onaDecemberSaturdaymorning,mydadstartedhiscarandwesetoffwithgreatexpectations.Beforelong,weleftthenoisycityandcametothemountains.Therewerefewvehiclesontheroadandthetreesalongsidewerepretty.Wefeltsoexcited!Asafewhourspassed,wedroveontoanarrowroad.Andminuteslater,wefoundarivernotfarawayfromtheroad.Thebeachwasverywide,andwewantedtohavearestthereforawhile.Somydadturnedourcaranddrovetowardsit.Soon,weweredrivingonthesandybeach.Momentslater,ourcarwheelswerestrugglingintheincreasinglysoftsand.Butmydadwantedtogetclosertotheriver.Beforeheregrettedit,ourcarhadgotstuckinthesand.Mydadtriedtoturnaroundormoveback,butthecardidn’tmove.Wewereworried,trappedinthemiddleofnowhere.Evenworse,itbeganrainingandwascold.Wegotoutofthecarandtriedtopushit,butfailed.Afteracoupleofminutes,weweretiredandourhairandcoatswerealittlewet.Butthecaronlysankfurtherintothesand.Anxiously,wewalkedtotheroad,eagertostopavehicleandletithelppullourcaroutofthesand.Ourcoatsandhairwerewetterandwetter.Beforethejourney,wehadn’tpreparedumbrellasorcarriedanyfood.Now,wewerehungryandcold,standingintherain.Afterwaitingforalongtime,therewasn’tonevehiclepassing.Justwhenwewerehelpless,wesawafarmhousenotfaraway.“Cantheyhelpus?”Iasked.Mydadwasdoubtful.Still,wereachedthere,andfounditwasabigfamily.Theyseemedpoorandunfriendly.Mydadtoldthemourproblemandbeggedthemtohelpuspullourcarout.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。Tooursurprise,theynoddedwithoutthinking.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Mydadwassogratefulthathehandedsomemoneytothefamilytothankthem.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit2LessonsinlifeⅠ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在CarsonMiddleSchool八年级的机械工程课上,学生们不仅学会了通过对现有设备进行改造使周围人的生活更加便利,而且还学会了站在他人的角度思考问题,关心他人的需求。1.D推理判断题。由第一段内容可知,Aasritha要发明一种新的开瓶装置是因为她想帮助她的祖母。故选D项。2.C细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview”可知,该课程教会学生们理解他人的感受,故选C项。3.B推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“Ratherthanrequirestep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.”可知,学生是通过自主探索、试验来完成创造的,故选B项。4.A主旨大意题。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段内容和第三段中的“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview”可知,文章主要讲述CarsonMiddleSchool八年级的机械工程课帮助学生们创造了一些设备,同时教会学生从他人角度思考问题,因此文章主要讲述了一门有启发性的课。故选A项。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工甜味剂并非像人们曾经以为的那样无害。5.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Anewstudysuggeststhatartificialsweetenersmaynotbeasharmlessasoncethought.”可知,之前人们认为喝无糖饮料无害健康,而这项新的研究表明,其中的人造甜味剂是有害健康的。故选C项。6.D细节理解题。由第二段中的“Thedisturbancetothemicrobiomeoccursbecauseartificialsweeteners,althoughzerocaloriesforhumans,serveasnutrientsforsomemicrobes,whichthenincreaserapidly.”可知,甜味剂为某种微生物提供营养,使它数量猛增,影响菌群平衡。故选D项。7.B细节理解题。由第三段中的“Inthestudy,scientistsfirstchose...Then,theyidentified...andgavethem...Afterthat,totest...”可知,本段主要说了实验的过程。故选B项。8.D细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Thatdoesnotmeanartificialsweetenersshouldbereplacedwithsugar.Rather,alternativeapproachestoreducingsugarintakeshouldbeconsidered.”可知,David建议人们不要再喝有人工甜味剂的饮料,也不建议喝含糖饮料,而是应该思考别的减少糖分摄入的方法。故选D项。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于“孩子的祖父母与孩子的父母共同抚养孩子”的现象的调查。调查发现:当孩子的父母与祖父母关系密切时,这种共同抚养关系会使孩子受益。9.B推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thequestionnaireaskedaboutpositiveaspectsoftheparent-grandparentcoparentingrelationship,likehowmuchtheyagreedandfeltcloseaswellaschallengingaspectslikehowmuchtheyhadconflictinfrontofthechild.”可知,问卷调查涉及共同抚养关系中积极的方面,由此推断祖父母给予的支持属于积极的方面。10.C细节理解题。根据文章首段末句、第四段末句以及尾段末句可知,研究发现良好的共同抚养关系会让孩子受益。11.A词义猜测题。根据第五段画线词前句和所在句子可知,父母和祖父母的共同养育会影响孩子的努力控制能力,因此当孩子收到不喜欢的礼物或需要弄清楚如何分享玩具时,这种控制力可能就会发挥作用。所以代词it代指前句中的“努力控制能力”。12.D主旨大意题。文章在首段末句“Thesestudiessuggestthatchildrenbenefitwhenparentshavestrongrelationshipswithcoparentinggrandparents.”提出调查结果:在孩子的祖父母与父母关系良好的情况下,共同抚养对孩子是有益的;然后详细介绍了这项调查,最后在文章末尾再次重申这个观点,由此推断D选项“WhatHappensWhenGrandparentsHelpRaiseChildren”可以作为最佳标题。Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章围绕“共享亲子时光”这一话题展开,体现亲情的可贵。1.A根据下文“toincluderelativesstoppingby”可知,家里的用餐规模会扩大,以容纳这些来访的亲戚。2.A根据空前“parentsgothomeafterdinneroreven...”可知,此处和上文形成转折关系,即父母会在晚饭时间之后回家,甚至是错过一整个晚上。3.B设空处上文提到“Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinneroreventheentireevening”,因此,作者十分珍惜餐桌旁的亲子时光。

4.D根据空前的“qualitytime”可知,餐桌旁见证了“我”人生中无数珍贵的瞬间。5.A结合空前“kitchentable,whichwitnessedcountlessvaluableinmylife”与下文“Theyhavebeenlef