适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习Unit3Theworldofscience外研版必修第三册

Unit3TheworldofscienceⅠ.阅读理解AChinesescientistshavediscoveredanewwaterreservoironthemoonintheformofglassbeads(珠子),whichcouldhavemajorsignificanceforfindingoutthewatercontentoftheearth’sonlynaturalsatelliteandpotentiallyextractingthemtosupportfuturelunarmissions.AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureGeosciencelastweekrevealedsoilsamplescollectedbyChina’sChang’e-5lunarprobecontainedimpactglassbeadsthatheldwaterintheformofhydroxyl——amoleculeconsistingofoneoxygenatomandonehydrogenatom.Hydroxylion(离子)isoneofthemostcommonionsfoundinwater.Theseglassbeadsarecreatedwhenmeteoroids(流星体)hitthemoon’ssurface,throwinguphotmoltendroplets(熔滴)whichthencoolandturnsolid.Theyfunctionlikeasponge,soakinguphydrogenatomscarriedbythesolarwindtoformhydroxyl,thusplayinganimportantroleinthewatercycleofthelunarsurface.Whileeachbeadonlyholdsatinyamountofwater,theseglassballscanbeseeneverywhereonthemoonandresearchersestimatedlunarsoilscouldstoreasmuchas270billionmetrictonsofwater.Fordecades,scientiststhoughtthemoonwasbonedryuntildiscoveriesinrecentyearsrevealeditssoilcouldholdwater.“Themoonpotentiallyholding270billionmetrictonsofwaterisquitesubstantial,thoughitpalesincomparisontotheamountofwaterintheearth’soceans,”saidHuSen,aresearcherfromtheInstituteofGeologyandGeophysicsoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesandoneofthekeyscientistsbehindthestudy.Thesefindingsnotonlyprovideinsightontheorigins,storage,andtransportationofwateroncelestial(天空的)bodieswithoutatmospheres,buttheyalsomayprovehelpfulforplanningandbuildingasustainablehumanhabitatontheseplanets,headded.However,thespecificoriginsofthewateronthelunarsurfaceremainamystery.Thestudypresentedseveralpotentialsources,includingsolarwindimplantation,thereleaseoftrappedgaswhenthemoonwashotandvolcanicallyactive,anddeliverybycometsandasteroids.1.Whatistheuseoftheglassbeads?A.Absorbingwater.B.Dryingwater.C.Creatingwater.D.Recyclingwater.2.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A.Themoonwasadryplacefordecades.B.Themoonholdsasmuchwaterastheearthdoes.C.Scientistsdiscoveredthemooncouldstorewater.D.Theamountofwateronthemooniscomparativelylarge.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Trappedgasshouldbereleased.B.Furtherresearchneedstobedone.C.Watersourceshavebeenidentified.D.Solarwindwasimplantedonthemoon.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.FutureHabitatforHumans:theMoonB.NewDiscovery:GlassBeadsontheMoonC.NewFindings:WaterontheLunarSurfaceD.FutureMissions:China’sChang’eLunarProbesBThenewWebbtelescopehasdiscoveredwhatappeartobegalaxies(星系)thatdatebacktowithin600millionyearsoftheBigBang.Thesixnewlydiscoveredobjectssuggestthattheearlyuniversemayhavebeendevelopingunexpectedlyfasttoproducethesehugegalaxies.Whilethenewtelescopehasspottedevenoldergalaxies,datingtowithin300millionyearsofthebeginningoftheuniverse,it’sthesizeofthesesixgalaxiesthatshocktheresearchers.“Mostgalaxiesinthiseraarestillsmallandonlygraduallygrowinglargerovertime,”leadresearcherIvoLabbeofAustralia’sSwinburneUniversityofTechnologysaid.“Butthesesixgalaxiesarefast-trackingtomaturity.Whythisisthecaseorhowthisworksisunknown.”

Accordingtothereport,whichwaspublishedinthejournalNatureonWednesday,eachofthesixobjectsweighsbillionsoftimesmorethanoursun.Inoneofthem,thetotalweightofallitsstarsmaybeasmuchas100billiontimesgreaterthanoursun.ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity’sJoelLeja,whoalsotookpartinthestudy,said,“Whatwefoundissounexpectedthatitactuallycreatesproblemsforscienceanditmightcallthewholepictureofearlygalaxyformationintoquestion.”Thesegalaxyobservationswereamongthefirstsetofdatafromthe$10billionWebbtelescope,whichwasjustlaunchedoverayearago.UnlikeHubble,thebiggerandmorepowerfulWebbcanseethroughcloudsofdustwithitsinfrared(红外的)visionanddiscovergalaxiespreviouslyundetected.Scientistshopetoeventuallyobservethefirststarsandgalaxiesformedfollowingthecreationoftheuniverse13.8billionyearsago.Theresearchersarestillwaitingforofficialconfirmation.“It’spossiblethatafewoftheobjectsmightnotbegalaxies,butblackholes.OneearlylessonfromWebbistoletgoofourexpectationsandbereadytobesurprised,”Labbesaid.“Nextyearitwilltellus.”5.Whatisspecialaboutthesixnewlydetectedobjects?A.Theirage.B.Theircolor.C.Theirsize. D.Theirshape.6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“fast-trackingtomaturity”inparagraph3mean?A.Turningquickly.B.Circlingsmoothly.C.Travellingfast.D.Growingrapidly.7.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwotelescopes?A.HubblecanseefurtherthanWebb.B.WebbismorepowerfulthanHubble.C.WebbismuchcheaperthanHubble.D.HubbleisrelativelybiggerthanWebb.8.WhatdoesIvoLabbemeaninthelastparagraph?A.Thedatamightnotbecomplete.B.Theresearcherswillbedisappointed.C.HedoesnotagreewithJoelLeja.D.ThenewWebbtelescopeisunreliable.Ⅱ.七选五Arecentstudyfoundthatonlyeightpercentofpeopleactuallyendupachievingtheirnewyear’sresolution.Here’sacoupleoftipsandtricksonhowtodojustthat.1.

Noonehaseversaid“oh,I’mgoingtobehealthierthisyear”andthenextdaywakeuphealthy.Therehastobeaplan,goals,andactionsthatneedtobetaken.Soyoucansaysomethinglike“I’mgoingtogotothegymeveryotherdaythisyear.”Chooseresolutionswisely.2.Themajorityofresolutionsinvolvesomesortofhabitchanges,andhabitchangeshaveahugeconsumptiononyourbody’swillpower.Willpowerislikeabatterythatneedstoberechargedeverynight.Whenyouhavetoomanyresolutions,theburdenonthisbatterycausesittorunoutbeforeyouhaveachancetorechargeit.

Writeyourresolutionsdown.Thismakestheresolutionfeellikeacontract.3.Youcanwritedowneveryresolutionfortheentireyear.Everytimeyoulookatit,youwillfeelatremendousamountofpressuretomakesurethatyoucontinuetokeepyourresolution.

Don’ttellanyoneaboutyournewyear’sresolution.Usually,whenyoutalkaboutsomethingthatyouhaven’taccomplished,youwilltrickyourbrainintovisualizingasituationwhereyouhaveaccomplishedit.4

Findyourselfanaccountabilitybuddy.Anaccountabilitybuddyissomebodywhomakessurethatyou’regoingoutthereeverysingleday,anddoingthethingsthatyoupromisedyourselfthatyouwoulddo.5.Atthesametime,youhelpthemkeepthemselvesinlinestoo!

A.HaveaplanB.KeephealthyC.Don’tchoosetoomanyresolutionsD.ItcreatespressureforyoutocompleteitE.It’sinterestinghowphysicalacontractcanfeelF.It’ssomebodywhohelpsyoukeepyourselfinlineG.ThiscausesyoutolosetonsofmotivationthatyouhadbeforehandⅢ.语法填空ChinaaddedalaboratorytoitspermanentorbitingspacestationonJuly25,2022asitmovedtowardcompletingthestructureincoming1.(month).

TheWentianlabmodulewaslaunchedfromtheWenchangspacebaseonthetropicalislandprovinceofHainanwith2.largecrowdofamateurphotographersandspaceloverswatching.After13hoursofflight,it3.(successful)docked(对接)withtheTiangongstation’smainTianhelivingmoduleat3:13a.m.,4.hadbeenlaunchedbeforetheWentianlabmodule.

TheWentianwasdesigned5.scienceandbiologyexperiments,anditsfeatureisthatthe23-tonlabmodulewas6.(heavy)thananyothersingle-modulespacecraftcurrentlyinspace.Itwasfollowedbyasecondlabmodule,theMengtian,sentonOctober31,2022.Threeastronauts7.(be)thenlivinginthecoremodule(核心舱)onasix-monthmissionandoversawtheWentian’s8.(arrive)anddocking.

ALongMarch5B-Y3rocket,China’smost9.(power),carriedthemoduleinthethirdsuchlaunchsincetheChinesespacestationentereditsconstructionstage.IttookplaceaftertheTianzhou-classcargo(货物)spacecraftandtheShenzhou-14crewedspacecraft.China’sspaceprogramlauncheditsfirstastronautintoorbitin2003,10.(make)itonlythethirdcountrytodosoonitsown.

Ⅳ.应用文写作假定你是高中生李华,你所在的学校航模俱乐部近期将举办一次中学生航模作品展。请给你的交换生好友Penny写封信,邀请她来参加。内容包括:1.作品展的时间、地点;2.作品展的内容。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请在相应位置作答。参考词汇:航模modelaircraft______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit3TheworldofscienceⅠ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国科学家在月球上发现了水存在的证据。1.A细节理解题。根据第三段末句“Theyfunctionlikeasponge,soakinguphydrogenatomscarriedbythesolarwindtoformhydroxyl,thusplayinganimportantroleinthewatercycleofthelunarsurface.”可知,月球上的“玻璃珠”的功能是吸住水分。2.D段落大意题。根据第四段首句“Whileeachbeadonlyholdsatinyamountofwater,theseglassballscanbeseeneverywhereonthemoonandresearchersestimatedlunarsoilscouldstoreasmuchas270billionmetrictonsofwater.”以及“Themoonpotentiallyholding270billionmetrictonsofwaterisquitesubstantial”可知,本段主要说明月球中的含水量相对来说还是比较大的。3.B推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“However,thespecificoriginsofthewateronthelunarsurfaceremainamystery.”可知,科学家还要做进一步的研究找到水的来源。4.C主旨大意题。根据第一段“Chinesescientistshavediscoveredanewwaterreservoironthemoonintheformofglassbeads(珠子),whichcouldhavemajorsignificanceforfindingoutthewatercontentoftheearth’sonlynaturalsatelliteandpotentiallyextractingthemtosupportfuturelunarmissions.”可知,这篇文章主要讲在月球上发现了水。因此C项“新发现:月球表面有水”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了韦伯太空望远镜最近发现的六个疑似星系。5.C细节理解题。第二段提到“Whilethenewtelescopehasspottedevenoldergalaxies,datingtowithin300millionyearsofthebeginningoftheuniverse,it’sthesizeofthesesixgalaxiesthatshocktheresearchers.”可知,这六个星系的尺寸是其特别之处,因此让研究人员震惊。6.D词义猜测题。根据画线词组前“Mostgalaxiesinthiseraarestillsmallandonlygraduallygrowinglargerovertime,...But...”可推断,fast-trackingtomaturity与growingrapidly所表达的意思相同。故选D项。7.B细节理解题。第六段提到“UnlikeHubble,thebiggerandmorepowerfulWebbcanseethroughcloudsofdustwithitsinfrared(红外的)visionanddiscovergalaxiespreviouslyundetected.”可知,韦伯望远镜比哈勃望远镜更强大。8.A推理判断题。第五段最后一句提到“Whatwefoundissounexpectedthatitactuallycreatesproblemsforscienceanditmightcallthewholepictureofearlygalaxyformationintoquestion.”第六段提到“Thesegalaxyobservationswereamongthefirstsetofdatafrom...”及最后一段的“OneearlylessonfromWebbistoletgoofourexpectationsandbereadytobesurprised”可知,韦伯望远镜观测的结果受到了质疑。由此推知,IvoLabbe担心第一批数据可能不完整。故选A项。Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了实现新年决心的建议和技巧。1.A根据下文“Noonehaseversaid‘oh,I’mgoingtobehealthierthisyear’andthenextdaywakeuphealthy.Therehastobeaplan,goals,andactionsthatneedtobetaken.Soyoucansaysomethinglike‘I’mgoingtogotothegymeveryotherdaythisyear.’”可知,本段主要讲要制定计划,A项“Haveaplan(有一个计划)”是最佳标题。2.C小标题“Chooseresolutionswisely.”提出要明智选择新年决心,C项“Don’tchoosetoomanyresolutions”承接上文,说明新年决心不能太多,需要挑选,下文“Whenyouhavetoomanyresolutions,theburdenonthisbatterycausesittorunoutbeforeyouhaveachancetorechargeit.”解释了选择不能太多的原因,上下文语意连贯。故选C项。3.D小标题“Writeyourresolutionsdown.”提出写下自己的决心,上文“Thismakestheresolutionfeellikeacontract.”和D项“Itcreatespressureforyoutocompleteit”一起说明了要写下决心的原因:写下决心就像签了一份合同,它会给你压力去完成它。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。4.G上文“Usually,whenyoutalkaboutsomethingthatyouhaven’taccomplished,youwilltrickyourbrainintovisualizingasituationwhereyouhaveaccomplishedit.”提出谈论还没有完成的事情会让大脑受欺骗,想象出已经完成计划的场景,G项“Thiscausesyoutolosetonsofmotivationthatyouhadbeforehand”承接上文,说明这件事情的后果:失去动力。上下文语意连贯。故选G项。5.F上文“Anaccountabilitybuddyissomebodywhomakessurethatyou’regoingoutthereeverysing