适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习高考题型组合练Unit1ScienceandScientists课件新人教版选择性必修第二册

UNIT1

SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSⅠⅡⅢⅠ.阅读理解AEugeneNewmanParker,aleadingfigureinheliospheric(日球层的)physicsforthepasthalfcentury,passedawaypeacefullyathishomeinChicagoonMar.15.Hewas94.Hailed(誉为)asavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.NASAevenstatedthatthefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDr.EugeneParker.In2018,Parkerbecamethefirstlivingscientisttowitnessthelaunchofaspacecraftthatwasnamedinhishonor.ⅠⅡⅢParkerisbestknownforhisgroundbreakingtheoryontheexistenceofaphenomenoncalled“solarwind”,acontinuousstreamofchargedparticlesthatflowoffthesun.Itcanbecomeviolent,causingspaceweatherthatimpactsEarth.WhenParker’sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticism(怀疑)andridiculebythescientificcommunity.Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswasanabsolutevacuum(真空),andwasthuscompletelyemptyofanymatter.But,therewerenoerrorsinhisstudyorhiscalculations,andthetheorywaslaterproventobecorrectin1962,whenaNASAspacecraftmissiontoVenusrevealedtheconstantpresenceofasupersonicwind—exactlyasParkerhadpredicted.ⅠⅡⅢThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:“Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou’rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoknowthat.”Parkerneverco-authoredapaperwithhisstudents,thusurgingthemtobeindependent.Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.HissonEricsaid,“MysisterJoyceandIdidn’tgetarealfeelforwhata‘bigdog’ourdadwasinthefield.”TheygotanevenbettersensewhenamonthafterParker’sdeath,theytraveledtoLund,Sweden,toacceptonhisbehalftheCrafoordPrizeinAstronomy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了太阳物理学的领军人物尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及他对年轻人的影响。ⅠⅡⅢ1.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.AspacecraftwasnamedinmemoryofParker.B.ThesunhasfewereffectsonEarththanexpected.C.Parkerdeservedcreditforhisgreatcontributions.D.NASAprovidednewinsightsintothelunareffect.√推理判断题。根据第二段中“Parker

revolutionized

our

understanding

of

the

sun

and

its

effects

on

Earth

and

other

bodies

within

the

solar

system.”以及“NASA

even

stated

that

the

field

of

heliophysics

exists

in

large

part

because

of

Dr.Eugene

Parker.”可知,帕克对整个太阳物理学领域做出了极大的贡献,他是值得赞扬的。

ⅠⅡⅢ2.WhydidpeopleviewParker’stheoryof“solarwind”skepticallyatfirst?A.Itwentagainstthepopularopinionatthattime.B.Somemistakeswerefoundinhiscalculations.C.ThepresenceofasupersonicwindwasprovenbyNASA.D.Matterwasbelievedtoexistinthespacebetweenplanets.√细节理解题。根据第三段中“When

Parker’s

research

was

published

in

1958,

his

theory

was

initially

met

with

skepticism

and

ridicule

by

the

scientific

community.”以及“The

general

view

at

the

time

was

that

the

space

between

planets

was

an

absolute

vacuum,and

was

thus

completely

empty

of

any

matter.”可知,人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度,因为它违背了当时的流行观点。ⅠⅡⅢ3.WhatdidParkersuggestyoungresearchersdo?A.Seekclosecooperation.B.Avoidhighexpectations.C.Learnbytrialanderror.D.Competeagainstothers.√细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“That

experience

likely

led

to

the

advice

Parker

often

gave

young

researchers:‘If

you

do

something

new

or

innovative,expect

trouble.But

think

critically

about

it

because

if

you’re

wrong,you

want

to

be

the

first

one

to

know

that.’”可知,帕克给年轻人的建议是从错误和尝试中学习。ⅠⅡⅢ4.WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeParkeraccordingtothepassage?A.Straightforwardandgenerous.B.Responsibleandaccessible.C.Intelligentyetconservative.D.Distinguishedyetmodest.√推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hailed

as

a

visionary

in

the

field

of

heliophysics,Parker

revolutionized

our

understanding

of

the

sun

and

its

effects

on

Earth

and

other

bodies

within

the

solar

system.”以及最后一段中“Parker

was

humble,straightforward,and

wise.”可知,帕克是杰出但谦逊的。ⅠⅡⅢBTechnologyisstartingtogiveussuperpowersoncereservedonlyforcomicbookheroeslikeSpider-ManandSuperman.Wenowliveinanageofhumanenhancementandrelatedtechnologyhascapturedtheattentionofthemediaandinvestors.Someofthesenewtechnologiesachievetheireffectsbymeansofelectronicdevicesthatconnectourbrainstoexternalsourcesofknowledge,

sensorydataorphysicalpower.Wemaynotgetchipsimplantedinourbrainsanytimesoon,butthinkaboutGoogleGlass—whoneedsaninsertedchipwhenyoucanwearacomputeronyourhead?ⅠⅡⅢWearabletechnologydoesn’tonlycomeintheformofapairofglasses.AJapaneselaboratoryisworkingonamorepracticalprototype(雏形)ofamusclesuitthanIronMan’sshinyarmor(盔甲).Themusclesuit,calledanexoskeleton,enablesthesickandelderlytomovearoundmoreeasily,New

Scientistmagazinereported.Coveting(觊觎)thepowersofSpider-Man,theUSmilitaryisworkingona“Spider-Mansuit”thatnotonlyletswearersclimbverticalwalls,butalsoallowsthemtosenseapproachingobjectswithoutlookingatorhearingthem,accordingtoanAmericanmilitarytechnologywebsite.ⅠⅡⅢButperhapsyoufavormoresubtlepowerslikemindcontrolormindreading.Thismayonedaycometrueaswell.Themostamazinghumanenhancementtechnologiesthathavecomeintorealityaredevicesthatinteractdirectlywiththehumanbrain.QSensor,createdbyscientistsatMIT,isawirelesssensorthatmeasureselectricityconductedthroughtheskin.Itcandetectwhetherpeoplearebored,

stressedorexcited,andthereforehaswideapplicationsinresearchandtherapy,

theBBCreported.ⅠⅡⅢScientistsenvisionneuralimplantsthatcouldallowhumanstomanipulatereal-worldobjectswiththeirmind—apowernotunlikemindcontrol.Slate

magazinereportedthismightalreadybehappening.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科技开始赋予我们曾经只有蜘蛛侠和超人等漫画英雄才能拥有的超能力。ⅠⅡⅢ5.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Newtechnologieshavebroughtusintoanewera.B.Superpowersofcomicbookheroeshavebeenwidelyappliednowadays.C.Humanenhancementreferstothesuperpowersofthecomicbookheroes.D.Spider-ManandSupermanhavecapturedtheattentionofthemediaandinvestors.√细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容可知,最新的技术已经将我们带进了一个全新的时代。ⅠⅡⅢ6.WhatcanweknowaboutGoogleGlass?A.Itisimplantedinourbrains.B.Itisatechnologywithinsertedchips.C.Itisadevicewhichmakesussuperheroes.D.Itisatechnologythatenhanceshumanpower.√推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Technology

is

starting

to

give

us

superpowers

once

reserved

only

for

comic

book

heroes

like

Spider-Man

and

Superman.”可知,科技开始赋予我们曾经只有蜘蛛侠和超人等漫画英雄才能拥有的超能力。再根据第二段内容可推断出,谷歌眼镜就属于增强人类能力的技术。ⅠⅡⅢ7.WhichofthefollowingitemsdoesNOTinvolvewearabletechnology?A.GoogleGlass.

B.Themusclesuit.C.IronMan’sarmor. D.TheSpider-Mansuit.√细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“We

may

not

get

chips

implanted

in

our

brains

any

time

soon,but

think

about

Google

Glass—who

needs

an

inserted

chip

when

you

can

wear

a

computer

on

your

head?”可知A项“Google

Glass”

涉及可穿戴技术;再根据第三段可知B项“The

muscle

suit”以及D项“The

Spider-Man

suit”

涉及可穿戴技术。因此不涉及可穿戴技术的是C项。故选C项。ⅠⅡⅢ8.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ExploresuperpowersforhumanenhancementB.GobeyondIronMan’sshinyarmorC.MeetsuperheroesinreallifeD.Embracetheunknownworld√主旨大意题。根据文章第一段和最后一段以及全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了科学家们利用技术探索增强人类能力的超能力。故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.完形填空Wearingacavemanmask,Dr.Marzluffwalksacrossthecampattheuniversity.Crowscircleandscream.Theydiveathimandthensuddenlyflyaway.Beneaththemask,hesmiles.Daysbefore,heandhisstudentshad

1

cavemenmasks,caughtcrowsand

2

plasticbandsontotheirlegs.Thentheyreleasedthe

3

birds.

“Wealwaysknewcrows

4

us,butcouldweshowit?”saysDr.Marzluff,aprofessorknownaffectionatelyastheCrowman.

ⅠⅡⅢWhentheresearcherswalkedaroundcampuswithoutmasks,thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbandeddidn’t

5

tothem.Butwhenthe

6

humanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks,thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir“

7

”.Thebirdshadrememberedtheir

8

!

“Crowsareconstantly

9

us,”Dr.Marzluffsays.“Theylook,theythink,

andtheyeyeballyou,

10

thesituation.”

ⅠⅡⅢAtfirst,onlythebandedbirdsreacted

11

tothepeopleinmasks.Butinlatertests,anincreasingnumberofcrowsbeganscoldingthem,evenwhenthebandedbirdswerenotaround.Thebirdshad

12

fromoneanother.

Dr.Marzluffandhisteamfollowedbandedcrowsforayearand

13

thatadultsevenpassthisinformationtotheir

14

.

Dr.Marzluff’sexperimentsledhimtostudyhowcrows’

15

work.

ⅠⅡⅢ1.A.pickedout B.putonC.searchedfor D.takenoff2.A.dropped B.steppedC.pressed D.tied3.A.unhappy B.beautifulC.black D.rare4.A.hate B.attackC.recognize D.contact5.A.wave B.reactC.reply D.turn6.A.friendly B.unkind

C.different D.same7.A.enemies B.professorsC.owners D.followers8.A.clothes B.faces

C.organs D.figures9.A.expecting B.admiringC.watching D.tolerating10.A.estimating B.changingC.restoring D.worseningⅠⅡⅢ11.A.rigidly B.automaticallyC.abnormally D.threateningly12.A.resulted B.heard

C.learned D.benefited13.A.promised B.identified

C.denied D.clarified14.A.young B.neighborC.partners D.opponents15.A.wings B.noses

C.legs D.brainsⅠⅡⅢ【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Marzluff博士和他的团队研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。他们将乌鸦的腿绑上塑料带子,然后放了乌鸦,同时对捆绑的乌鸦进行跟踪,发现乌鸦能认出他们的脸,同时发现成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼鸟。1.B

由上文“Wearing

a

caveman

mask”可知,此处指戴上面具。2.D

由下文“the

crows

they

had

caught

and

banded”可知,在乌鸦的腿上绑上了塑料带子。3.A

由上文“caught

crows”可知,乌鸦被捕所以不开心。4.C

由下文“the

crows

scolded

loudly”和实验内容可知,研究人员戴上面具在乌鸦腿上绑上塑料带子,然后将它们放了,之后戴上面具后,发现乌鸦攻击他们,这说明乌鸦能认出他们。ⅠⅡⅢ5.B

由下文“to

them”可知,此处指乌鸦没有任何反应。react

to固定搭配,意为“对……作出反应”。6.D

由下文“humans

walked

by

while

wearing

the

masks”和常识可知,为了保证实验的可信性,应是同一批人戴着面具走过。7.A

由上文“the

crows

scolded

loudly

and

dived

at

their”和上文提到的研究者捆绑乌鸦可知,乌鸦把他们当成敌人,在认出他们之后去攻击他们。8.B

由下文“They

look,they

think,and

they

eyeball

you”可知,乌鸦能记住敌人的脸。9.C

由下文“They

look”可知,乌鸦一直在观察他们。10.A

由上文“They

look,they

think,and

they

eyeball

you”和下文“the

situation”可知,乌鸦观察他们是为了估计形势,去攻击他们。ⅠⅡⅢ11.D

由下文“But

in

later

tests,an

increasing

number

of

crows

began

scolding

them”可知,乌鸦攻击他们,对他们产生有威胁性的行为。12.C

由下文“pass

this

information”可知,乌鸦们从同伴那里得知一些信息。13.B

由上文“Dr.Marzluff

and

his

team

followed

banded

crows

for

a

year”和下文“that

adults

even

pass

this

information

to

their”可知,Marzluff博士和他的团队研究发现乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼鸟。14.A

由上文“adults

even

pass

this

information

to

their”可知,成年乌鸦甚至会将这些信息传递给幼鸟。15.D

由上文讲到的乌鸦能认出它们的敌人可知,Marzluff博士的实验让他研究了乌鸦的大脑是如何工作的。ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Myteenagedaughter,Jane,alwayscomplainedabouthavingtobehomeearlierthanallherfriends.Shewouldtellmethatshewasalreadyseventeen.

Shebelievedthatshewasalreadyanadult,yetstillhadacurfew(宵禁).“Butyouarestillinhighschool,”Isaidonedaywhenshewascomplainingagain.“Youwillnevertrustme!”sheyelled.BeforeIcouldcontinue,sherolledhereyes,enteredherbedroomandshutthedoor.ⅠⅡⅢ“HowcouldImakeJaneseethatIonlywanttokeephersafe?”Isighed.Idecidedtogoforawalk,hopingthecoldairwouldclearupmymind.Iopenedthefrontdoorandnearlysteppedonoursmallblackcat,whichseemedlikeameatball.“Hi,Meatball,”Isaid,takingitintomyarmsandtouchingitgently.Meatballsneezedinmyarms.Realizingitwastoocoldoutside,Iwentinside.Meatballseemedhappyenoughtostayinthewarmhouse.Butafteranhourortwo,itwenttothedoorandwantedtogooutsideagain.“Whywon’titjuststayinwithusallthetime?”Nathan,myyoungestdaughterasked.ⅠⅡⅢIexplainedtoherthatitwashappytobeherebutitlikedbeingabletocomeandgoasitpleased.“Thatmustbenice,”Jane,whohappenedtocomeoutforacupoftea,cutin,“Whythecat,notI,couldcomeandgo?WhynotgiveMeatballacurfew,too?”Iturnedadeafeartohercomplaint.Laterinthenight,temperaturesdroppedunusuallylow.Meatballstoodatthedoor,meowingtogooutside,again.Ishookmyheadatit,beingafraidthatitmightfreezetodeath.Itlookedatmeandkeptmeowing.“Iknowyou’renothappy,butit’sforyourowngood,”Isaid,pattingitshead.ⅠⅡⅢ“Mom’snotbeingmeantoyou,”Janetoldthecat.“She’sjusttryingtokeepyoufromturningintoafrozenmeatball,”saidJane,lookingatmemeaningfully.Wealllaughedatthejoke.Thenextmorning,Icouldn’tfindMeatball.Iaskedthe