期末复习-代词（讲义）-2023-2024学年教科版（广州）英语六年级下册

代词代词：起指代作用的词，可以指代人和事物。主要包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。人称代词：指代人和事物的代词，有人称、数、格以及性别的变化人称格数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he，she，ithim、her、ittheythem主格：作主语，常放于句首。Eg.Ilikeswimming.宾格：做宾语，一般放在动词或介词后。Eg.Shedoesn’tunderstandme.多个人称做主语时的顺序：单数人称：2/3/1、复数人称：1/2/3二、物主代词：某物归某人所有。类型词义我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishers/oursyourstheirs用法口诀：有名则形，无名则名。My+名词=mine有名则形：如果其后有名词，就用形容词性物主代词，来修饰或限定后面的名词。无名则名：如果其后没有名词，就要用名词性物主代词来充当名词Eg.Thisismycar.=Thisismine.{Exercise}一、用代词的适当形式填空1.Thereisaletterfor_______(she)mother2.Thatis_____(she)coat.Thecoatisred.____(its)isanewone.3.Give_______(he)atoy,please.4.Givethebookto______(I).5.Thesebooksare_____(we).二、单项选择()1.Mary'sbirthdayiscoming.We’vedecidedtomakeacakefor______A.himB.herC.youD.them()2.Mike'sauntis______Englishteacher.Wealllike_______A.our,sheB.our,herC.we,sheD.we,her()3.Annhasgotaletterfromherbestfriend.Itmakes___quiteexcited.A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself()4.Theoldmanoftentellstheminterestingstories,sotheylike_____verymuch.A.heB.himC.herD.she()5.Thisisn’tmydictionary._____isoverthere,onthedesk.A.HisB.MineC.HersD.Yours三、反身代词当宾语和主语表示的是同一人的时候，我们不用宾格，用主格。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself我自己yourself你自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己复数ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他们自己有关反身代词短语：dressoneself自己穿衣devoteoneselfto致力于helponeselfto随便吃，随便用talk/speaktooneself自言自语byoneself独自enjoyoneself玩得高兴teachoneself自学ofoneself自动地填空1.Idomyhomeworkby_________.2.Wecleanourclassroomby_________.3.Youcansee_______inthemirror.4.Theboyenjoyed_________.5.Thelittlegirlwashesherclothesby_________.6.Tomalwaysgoeshomebybusby__________.7.Hi,boys.Takeiteasy.Help_____________.二、单项选择（）1.Mymothermadesomezongziby__ontheDragonBoatFestival.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself()2.Taichi,partofChineseculture,isanexercisewhichhelpspeopleimprove___inhealth.A.themselves B.ourselves C.itself D.myself()3.MissLi,ahumorousteacher,taught___mathslastterm.A.us B.ourC.ours D.ourselves()4.-We’llhavetheP.E.testnextweek.Ifeelalittlenervous.--Relax!Believein___andpracticemore.A.you B.yourC.yours D.yourself()5.Tomsaidto_______,“WhatamIdoing?"A.hisB.himselfC.him D.he()6.Ourparentsalwaysletusdothingsby_____.A.yourselves B.herself C.ourselves D.myself()7.---Didshegotoschoolwhenshewasyoung?--No.Shetaught____athome.Her B.herself C.hers D.she三、阅读短文，选择正确的答案。I'mFuman.IlivewithmygrandparentsandsisterinYunnan.Myfatherworksinthecityandhecomeshomeonceayear.I'mbusyeveryday.Onweekdays,Igetupveryearly.Ifeedthechickensandcleanthehouse.ThenIgotoschool.Myschoolisveryfaraway.Ittakesmeaboutoneandahalfhourstowalktoschool.Iliketostudy,soI'malwayshappyatschool.Afterschool,Iwalkbackhomeforanotheroneandahalfhours.WhenIgethome,thereisstillmuchtodo.Ifirstfinishmyhomeworkandhavedinner.AndthenIhelpmygrandparentwithotherhousework.Oneday,Iwenttoschoolonasnowymorningasusual.MyteachertookaphotoofmeandIbecamefamousontheInternet.ManypeoplethinkIliveahardlifebutIneverfeeltiredorbored.IhopeIcanstudyandlivewithmyfatherinthecitysomeday.()1.Fumanisfrom_____________.A.HunanB.YunnanC.Hainan()2.Heliveswithhis_____________.A.grandparentsB.sisterC.AandB()3.Ittakeshim_________minutestogotoschool___________.A.90;onfootB.45;onfootC.90;bycar()4.Fuman______________beforehegoestoschool.A.feedsthesheepB.cleanstheclassroomC.doeshousework()5.Fuman__________feelstiredorboredabouthislife.A.alwaysB.neverC.often四、指示代词：用来指示人和事物的代词。this，that，these，those,1.指示代词数用法例句This这个（近指）That那个（远指）单数指代或修饰不可数名词，动词用单数形式Thisgiftisforyouandthatonethatisforyourbrother.这件礼物是给你的，那件是给你弟弟的。These这些（近指）Those那些（远指）复数指代或修饰复数名词，动词用复数形式IlovethesebooksbutIdon'tlikethose.我喜欢这些书，但不喜欢那些。用法：①this/these指空间上或时间上较近的人或事物。that/those指时间上或空间上较远的人或事物。Eg.Thiscarisyellow，andthatcarisblue.这辆车是黄色，那辆车是蓝色。②that和those可以指代前面出现的名词可以避免重复。TheweatherinBeijingisdifferentfromthatinSunday.（that指代________）③that常用于指代上文提到的事或已经发生的事情；This用于指代下文要说的事情Eg.-I'msorry1forgottophoneyou.-That'sallright.(that指代__________)Thisiswhatbothersme:ImissAlice.(this___________)④在打电话时，用this介绍自己，用that询问对方是谁Hi,thisisDavidspeaking.IsthatSarahspeaking?你好，我是David，你是Sarah吗？⑤指示代词作主语时可指物，也可指人；作宾语时只能指物，不能指人Thisismyfather.(this作主语，指人）Don'tdothat.(that作宾语，指事物)⑥this、that可作状语，起副词作用，意为“这么，那么”相当于soTheballisthatbig.这个球那么大。lt'saboutthishigh.大约有这么高。⑦that/that/these/those不能回答特殊疑问句和一般疑问句的问题，要用对应的称代词回答：单数用it，复数用they判断对错：eg:-Whatisthis/that?-Itisabook.()-This/thatisabook.()-Arethoseyourbrothers?-No,theyaren’t.()-No,thosearenot.（）{Exercise}()1.--What'sthis?----____It'sabreadB.ItisabreadC.It'sbreadD.This'sbread()2.-Isthisyourbrother?-_______·A.Yes,itis.B.Yes,itisn't.C.Yes,heis.D.No,hedoesn't.()3.Hi,_______ismymotherand_______aremyfriends.A.this,thatB.these,theseC.this,theseD.that,that(）4._______twoboysareMr.Green'skids.A.ThisB.TheseC.ThatD.It()5.-Canyousee_____buildingoverthere?-Sure.Itisreallytall.A.TheseB.thoseC.thisD.that()6.-Whatarethese?-_______A.ThesearebooksB.It'sabookC.TheyarepensD.Thosearepens()7.-Whoarethesepeopleinthefirstpicture?-______mygrandparentsA.ThisisB.They'reC.TheseareD.Thoseare()8.Isheyourbrother?---___________Yes,heisB.Yes,heisn’tC.No,heisD.Yes,sheis二．用正确形式填空1.Is__________(these)youreraser?2.-Are___________(that)yourrulers?-No,theyaren't.___________(that)aremybooksandpens.3.Hello.Gina(this)________aremyfriends,MikeandFrank.4.___________(that)aremybrothers.5._________(this)arehisbrothers.五、不定代词：不明确指代某个（些）人或某件（些）事的代词some、any和no的用法1）Some一些、几个：可代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常用于肯定句，但是在提出请求或建议的问句用some。Therearemanybooksonthedesk.SomeareEnglishbook，somearemathsbooks.Wouldyoulikesomejuice？Some作代词，“一些、若干/其中一部分”Eg.Doyouhaveanybooks?Yes,IhavesomeSome作副词，表示“相当、大约”Ihavekeptbirdsforsome30years..........大约30年any可代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常用于否定句和疑问句。用于一般疑问句，意思是：“一些”Arethereanystudentsintheclassroom?用于否定句：没有一个Thereisn’tanymoneyinmywallet.用于肯定句，意为“任何”Youcanreadanybookinourlibrary.3）no不，没有Ihavenopen.不定代词other、others、another、theothers、theother的区别：1）another泛指“另一个，再一个”，指三者或三者以上的事物中的任意一个，后跟可数名词单数形式。Thecoatistoobigforme.CanIhaveanotherone？2）other+名词=others其他的一些，（有剩余），other其他的，另外的，后+可数名词复数或不可数名词。eachother相互others泛指“其他的人或物”WeshouldlearnfromothersSomestudentsareplayingbasketball，othersarerunning.3）theother特指两个中的“另一个”；one........theother：一个......另一个Shehastwochildren.Oneisason,theotherisadaughter.也可用于特指范围内的“另一些”，theother+复数名词=theothers其余的（剩下的全部，没有剩余）Onlyyouareintheclassroom,Jack.Wherearetheothers.{exercise}()1.Thetiedoesn’tmatchmyshirtwell.Wouldyoupleaseshowme______one? A.other B.others C.others D.another ()2.I’vegottwolovelycatsathome.Oneisblackand_____iswhiteA.other B.theother C.another D.others ()3.IhavevisitedtwofamouscitiesinChina.OneisBeijingand_____isShanghai.A.another B.other C.theother ()4.-What_____animalsdoyoulike?-Ilikedogs,too.A.another B.other C.theother D.others ()5.Excuseme,sir.Iboughttheshoesyesterday,buttheyareindifferentsizes.OneisSize37_____isSize38.A.another B.theother C.theothers D.other ()6.-Howmanyelephantscanyouseeinthepicture?-Two.Oneisanadultelephant____isababyone.A.another B.other C.theother4）both/all①both意为“两个都”Bothofthetwoboysaremyfriends②all意为“多个都”，用于三个或三个以上的“都”Allofmyclassmatesareinterestedincomputerscienceeither/any①either意为“二者之一”；either…or…意为“或者…或者…”Hecantakeeitherofthetwobooks②any意为“多个之一”,用于三个或三个以上的“任一”Icantakeanyofthesetenbooks6）neither/none①neither意为“两个都不”；neithernor“既不…也不…”Neitheryounorheisright②none意为“多个都不”用于三个或三个以上的“都不Noneofthechildrenlikesstayingthere.8）few/little①few用于可数名词前，表否定Hehasfewbooks.②little用于不可数名词前，表否定Ihavelittletimetoplaycomputergames7）afew/alittle①afew+可数名词，表肯定Hehasafewbooks②alittle+不可数名词，表肯定Ihavealittletimetoplay.8）many/much①many用于可数名词复数“很多”Hisfatherhasmanybooksforhimtoread②much用于不可数名词复数“很多”Studentshavemuchhomeworktodoone/it①one指代“同类异物”；可用来代替上文中出现的单数可数名词。复数形式ones，所有格形式one’s.Whohasawatch?Ihaveone.Eg.Thisappleisbiggerthanthatone.②it就是所指代事物或物件本身.特指上文中提到的同一事物，“同名同物”Ihaveawatch.ItisnewIt的用法it作代词可用来指时间、天气、距离等。alotof=lotsof许多，修饰不可数名词和可数名词3.复合不定代词的用法-thing类-body类-one类something某物somebody某人someone某人nothing没有东西nobody没有人noone没有人anything任何事anybody任何人anyone任何人everything每件事everybody每个人everyone每个人1）.-thing类①something某事、某物：一般用于肯定句，可用于表示请求的疑问句。Somethingiswrongwithyoumyclock.②anything某事、某物、任何事：一般用于疑问句，否定句及条件句；也可用于肯定句：任何事物，任何事情IsthereanythingIcandoforyou？Iwoulddoanythingforyou.③everything一切Moneyisn’teverything.④nothing没有什么Thereisnothingintheroom.2）-body类复合词/-one类复合词anybody/anyone意为任何人，多用于否定句、疑问句；可用于肯定句：随便哪个人someone/somebody：常用在肯定句中。Nobody、noone没有人Noone/Nobodyknowswheresheisfrom.形容词放在不定代词的后面：somethingimportant复合不定代词后面的谓语要用单数形式{Exercise}()1.Theseshoesaretoosmall.Youmaybuysome______shoes.A.anotherB.otherC.theothersD.others()2.-Whyareyoulaughing,Daniel?-Thereis____funnyinthenewspaper.Comeandsee.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing()3.-Excuseme,howcanIgettoNanshanMountain?---Oh,_____ofthesetwobuseswilltakeyouthere.YoumustgoandtakeNo.3bus.A.neitherB.allC.noneD.both()4.-Whichcolordoyoulike,redorblue?--______.Ilikegreen.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.None()5."Don’tworry.There'smuch______wrongwithyou."saidthedoctor.A.nothingB.everythingC.somethingD.very()6.Randywrotetwonovels.________ofthemweremadeintofilms.I'veseenthem.A.None B.Both C.AllD.Neither()7.-Althoughtheseweregoodstudents,____ofthemhadascoreabove60.--Ican'tbelieveit!A.noneB.nooneC.someD.all()8.Therewereonlytwopaintingsforsaleandhebought_____A.allB.anyC.bothD.some()9.____wenthikinglastweekendbecauseofthebadweather.A.SomeoneB.NooneC.EveryoneD.Nothing()10.--Wehaveredandyellow.Whichcolordoyoulike?--I'mafraid______.IthinkbluewillbeOK.A.bothB.eitherC.neitherD.none()11.WestudyChinese,English,mathsandsome_____subjects.A.theotherB.oneC.otherD.another()12.Youmaycometomyhouse______thisweek______nextweek.A.neither;orB.from;toC.either;orD.either;nor()13.Idon'ttwantthisshirt.Pleaseshowme____？A.othersB.theothersC.anotherD.theother()14.Theremustbe____wrongwiththeclock.Itdoesn'twork.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything六、疑问代词：who、whom、whose、which、what...疑问代词意义用法例句who谁做主语，指人Whoareyou?你是谁？whom谁做宾语，指人Whomareyoutalkingwith?whose谁的定语，所属关系Whosebookisthis?which哪一个指定范围内选择，（可指人指物）Whichpicturedoyoulikebest?what什么对具体内容提问Whatdoyoulike?when何时询问时间Whendoyougetup?where何地询问地点Whereismykeys?why何因询问原因Whynotgowithme?how如何询问方法或程度Howdoyoucomehere?Howold多大询问年龄Howoldareyou?Howmuch多少价钱/数量Howmuchisthebook?Howmany多少询问数量Howmanyapplescanyousee?Howfar多远询问距离Howfarisit?Howlong多长询问物体长度或时间Howlongistheruler?Howlongdidyoustayhere?你在这里待了多久？Fortwohours.两小时Howoften多久一次询问频率Howoftendoyouexercise?Onceaweek.Howsoon多久询问时间Howsoonwillyoucomeback?Inanhour.一个小时以后单项选择( )1._________areyougoingthisafternoon?A.What B.Where C.When D.How ( )2.--_______areyougoing?--NextSunday.A.What B.Where C.When D.Which ( )3.--_________areyoudoingnow?A.What B.Where C.When D.How ( )4.--________doyougotoschool?--bybus.A.What B.Where C.When D.How ( )5._______isatickerforthefilmHackerHe?---Aboutfortyyuan.A.Howold B.Howmany C.Howmuch D.Howoften ( )6.-________doyoulikeEnglish?-Becauseit’sinterestingA.Who B.Which C.What D.Why ( )7.________teadoyouhave?--Twocups.A.Howmany B.Howmuch C.Howsoon D.Which ( )8.________isittoday?--Monday.What B.Whattime C.Whatdate D.Whatday 二、填上适当的特殊疑问代词1._________isthatprettygirl?---Sheismysister.2.________aretheshoes?---75yuan3.________istheTeachersDay?---OnSeptember10th.4.________booksdoyouhave?---Ten5.________ismymother?---Sheisinthelivingroom.6.__________isit?---It’snineo’clock.7.________doyouusuallygotowork?--Iusuallygotoworkbybus8.________istheriver?---It’s6363km.howlong,howoften,howsoon的区别，三者均可译为“多久”① howlong指多长时间，主要用来对一段时间(如threedays等)提问 Howlongdidhestayhere?他在这儿呆了多久? -Abouttwohours.大约两小时。②howoften指每隔多久，主要用来对频度副词或状语(如onceaweek每周一次；等)提问Howoftendoeshecomehere?他(每隔)多久来一次? -Onceamonth每月一次③howsoon指再过多久，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(如:inanhour）-Howsoonwillhebeback?他要多久才回来? -Inanhour.1小时以后。 ◆

询问时长（多久或多快）

对for＋时间段提问，表示多久，疑问词一般用Howlong。Eg.Howlongwillyoustaythere?你将在那儿呆多久？Abouttwoweeks.

对in＋时间段提问，表示多快，疑问词一般用Howsoon。Eg.Howsoonwillyoucomeback?Intwohours.单项选择1.________-doesyourfathergotothefitnesscenter?-Heexercisestheretwiceaweek.A.Howsoon B.Howoften C.Howlong2.-________willtheinvitationsbesenttoourguests?-Inthreedays.A.Howoften B.Howsoon C.Howlong D.Howfar 3.-______isitfromtheNewTowntotheoldcitycentre?-Lessthan30minutesbyundergroundA.Howsoon B.Howoften C.Howlong D.Howfar二、howmany与howmuch的区别howmany指数，其后接可数名词复数Howmanychildrendoeshehave? 他有几个孩子? howmuch指量，其后接不可数名词 Howmuchtimedidyouspendonit? 做此事你花了多少时间? Howmuch或询问价钱Howmuchisthecoat?这件上衣多少钱? 一、选出最佳答案。()1.DoyouknowAnngoestoworkeveryday? -Usuallybyunderground.A.why B.how C.whenD.whether()2.一doesittakeyoutogettoschoolbybike?-Aboutfifteenminutes.A.Howmany B.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howfar()3.-Excuseme，isthisT-shirt?--It's88yuan.A.howmuchB.howmanyC.howlongD.howold()4.-willyouaskforhelpwhenyouareintrouble?-Myparents,Ithink.A.Who B.What C.WhereD.When()5.一doyoulikepandas?—Becausetheyareverycute.A.What B.Who C.WhyD.Where()6.一isitfromyourhometothepark?--It'sabouttenminutes'walk.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon选择合适的单词补全短文。Hi,I'mJohn.Iamgoingtoshowyou1.___________(for,around)myhometown.Look,thisismyhouse.It'sonafarm.Ithastwofloors.Thelivingandkitchenareonthe2.___________(first,one)floorandourbedroomsareonethesecondfloor.Mostpeoplehereliveinthehouselikethis.Therearemanyflowersandtreesaroundmyhouse.EverydayIcan3.___________(taste,smell)theflowersandhearthebirdssing.Thereisalakenearmyhouse.Sometimeswe4.___________(drive,ride)abikearoundthelake.Thereareabout100familiesinourtown.Somefamiliesraise(养育)cows,othersgrowrice.Peoplehereknoweachother.Therearebusestothetowneveryday.Usuallymymotherdrivesustheretodotheshopping.Weenjoyourlifehere.Ithinkit'sawonderfulplace5.___________(live,tolive)in.Ihopeyoucancomeandvisititsoon.{课后作业}一、单项选择(20x1)()1.Somepeoplearetooshytosayawordinpublic.However,______aren't.A.another B.theother C.others D.theothers ()2.-Doestheticketbelongto?-No,Ithinkitcouldbe_________.A.you;her B.you;hers C.your;her D.yours;hers ()3.-Hi,Jim!_____isTom.Heismygoodfriend.-Hi,Tom!Nicetomeetyou.A.He B.That C.This D.It ()4.-________isyourmother?-Sheis________Englishteacher.A.Who,the B.What,/ C.What,an D.Who,a ()5.-Are____your____?-No,theyaren't.Thosearemine.A.this,book B.that,books C.those,book D.these,books ()6.Ifhedoesn'twanttodothejob,does_____wantto?A.everybodyelse B.anybodyelse C.elseanybody D.elseeverybody ()7.Mr.Robinson,wedidn'tquitefollowyou.Wouldyoupleasegiveus____example?A.other B.another C.theother D.theothers ()8.Pleasegiveme_______chance.A.other B.theother C.another D.theothers ()9.Dearstudents,ifyouneedhelpwith______pleasefeelfreetoaskmeforhelp.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.e