浙江省宁波市2023-2024学年高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题(解析版)

高中名校英语试卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省宁波市2023-2024学年高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将〖答案〗标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的〖答案〗转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahospital. B.Inafactory. C.Inahotel.〖答案〗A〖解析〗M:Excuseme,madam.Visitorsarenotallowedhere.Thisistheoperatingroom.W:I’msorry.Imusthavegotofftheliftonthewrongfloor.M:Youcangotothethirdfloorifyouwanttoseethepatients.2.Whenwillthespeakersarriveattheairportprobably?A.At3:30. B.At4:30. C.At5:30.〖答案〗B〖解析〗M:It’salready2:30.Shouldwesetofffortheairportnow?W:Theplanewon’ttakeofftill5:30.Theairportisonlyaone-hourdrivefromhere,solet’ssetoffat3:30.3.Whatsuggestiondoesthewomangivetotheman?A.Avoidingworkingatnight. B.GettingallthepartsfromJapan. C.Buyinganewwashingmachine.〖答案〗C〖解析〗M:Mywashingmachineismorethan10yearsoldandithasworkedjustfineuntillastnight.W:You’llneverbeabletogetpartsforit,evenfromJapan.Soitmightbetimetoinvestinamorerecentmodel.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.HowtogettoNewYork. B.Howtoenterforacourse. C.Howtogetadrivinglicence.〖答案〗C〖解析〗M:IneedtogetmydrivinglicensebeforenextsummerforthattriptoNewYork.W:There’sacrashcoursemydrivingschooloffers.Youcandoyourtheorytestonthecomputer,haveaclasseverydayfortwoorthreeweeksandtakeyourtestattheend.5.Whatkeptthewomanawakelastnight?A.Theheat. B.Therepairsofthepower. C.Thestorm.〖答案〗A〖解析〗W:I’msotiredtoday.Mypowerwentoutlastnightduringthestorm,andIcouldn’tfigureouthowtofixit.M:Thatseemslikeanannoyingtask.Didyoustayuptryingtofindoutwhattheproblemwas?W:No.Itwasjusttoohottosleepafterthat.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Tocanceltheirplan. B.Tomakeaninvitation. C.Toaskforinformation.7.Whatdoesthemandecidetodothisevening?A.Seeabandshow. B.Buyticketsonline. C.Accompanyhisparents.〖答案〗6.B7.B〖解析〗W:Hi,Mike.Doyouhaveanyplansfortheweekend?IhaveanextraticketfortheDawsonTrio’sliveperformanceatCapitalStadium.Wouldyouliketojoinme?M:Idon’tknowifIcan.Myparentsarecomingtotownthisweekend,soIneedtospendtimewiththem.W:Well,iftheylikejazz,theymightenjoytheshowaswell.Whydon’tyougototheband’swebsiteandseeiftherearemoreticketsavailable?Theirshowsoftensellout,butyoumightbelucky.M:Allright,I’lldothatthisevening.Thanksfortheinformation.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Howisthehouseusuallyheated?A.Bycoal. B.Byelectricity. C.Bywood.9.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Makeaphonecall. B.Buyaheater. C.Cooksupper.〖答案〗8.A9.C〖解析〗W:Whyisitsocoldinthishouse,Dad?M:Weweresupposedtogetsomecoalforthefire,butithasn’tarrivedyet.W:Well,weneedit.Can’tweburnsomewood?M:No,wedidn’thaveany.YoucouldusethelittleelectricheaterIboughtlastweek.I’llphonethecoaldealernowandaskwhatishappening.W:OK.IthinkI’llstarttomakedinnernow.Wemightfeelwarmerifweeatsomefood.M:Yes,Ithinkthatisagoodidea.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors. B.Colleagues. C.Husbandandwife.11.Whatdidthemandothisafternoon?A.Hedidhiswork.B.Hefixedhiscomputer.C.Hetooksomeexercise.12.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Stopplayingamusicalinstrument.B.Gooutsomewhere.C.Helpherwiththepaper.13.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman’srequest?A.Embarrassed. B.Astonished. C.Angry.〖答案〗10.A11.C12.A13.B〖解析〗W:Haveyoufinishedwork?M:Actually,Ihavefinishedatlunchtimetodaybecausethey’rereplacingourcomputers.SoIwasatthegymthisafternoon.W:Areyougoingouttonight?M:No,Idon’tthinkso.Why?Areyouinvitingmesomewhere?W:Oh,no.Ihavelotsofworktodo.I’veactuallyspentalldaytryingtowriteahistorypaper.Ihavetohanditintomorrow.M:Well,sorry,Ican’thelpyouwiththat.IneverenjoyedstudyinghistoryatschoolandIwasn’tverygoodatiteither.W:Idon’tneedanyhelpwiththeessay.Butyoucanhelpmebynotplayingyourpiano.I’msorry.Ijustcan’tstanditanymore.I’velivedheresinceJuneandyou’veplayedthepianoeverynight.M:ButIthoughtyoulikedit.I’velivedherefortwoyears.Nobody’severcomplainedbeforesoI’mreallysurprised.Youshouldhavetoldmeearlier.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.What’stheconversationmainlyabout?A.Fightingfire. B.Detectingfire. C.Preventingfire.15.Whatcanweknowfromtheconversation?A.Australialost4%ofitstrees.B.ThesystemisusedinAmerica.C.Thesystemwilluseheatcameras.16.Whatsizeoffirecanthenewsystemdiscover?A.Thesizeofacar. B.Thesizeofaplane. C.Thesizeofafootballfield.17.Whatisthewoman’sconcernbesidestrees?A.Protectinghumans. B.Purifyingtheair. C.Savinganimals.〖答案〗14.B15.C16.A17.C〖解析〗W:We’redevelopinganewtechnologythatcandetectforestfiresassoonastheystart.M:Thatsoundsamazing.Givenhowmanyfirestherehavebeenrecently,it’ssomethingtheworldextremelyneeds.W:Indeed.In2020alone,Californiahadover8,000fires,losingroughly4%ofthestate’strees.M:Thatistrulysurprising.W:Yes.TheotherplacewhereitwillbeusefulisAustralia.Atthestartoftheyear,therewere50separateforestfiresburningacrossthecountry.M:Sohowwillyournewdetectionsystemwork?W:We’regoingtouseanewrangeofsatelliteswhichhaveheatcameras.M:Don’tothersatelliteshavethose?W:Yes,butnoneissoadvanced.Theycandetectafirethesizeofafootballfield.Thenewsystemcansenseafirethesizeofacar.M:Andwillthatbeenoughofadifferencetostopthefirefromspreading?W:Webelieveso.Hopefullyitwillgivefirefightersenoughtimetostopitbeforeitgetstoobig.Iftheygettheplaneupintime,theywillputoutthefirequickly.M:Ifitworks,Ireallyhopeyougetrecognitionforit.W:Ijustwanttotryandstoptreesfromburning,andmoreimportantly,protectthepooranimalsthatliveinthem.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Teachingaclass. B.Reportingastudy. C.Chairingameeting.19.Whatisthemostimportantpartoftakingnotes?A.Reading. B.Listening. C.Writing.20.Whatisoneoftheadvantagesofusingsymbols?A.Itkeepsinformationsecret. B.Itleavesspaceforfutureuse. C.Itmakeskeywordsnoticeable.〖答案〗18.A19.B20.C〖解析〗W:Today,let’sbeginwithnote-takingtechniques.Note-takingisanimportantskillnotonlyfortakingclasses,butalsofordoingyourjobinthefuture.I’dliketodrawyourattentiontocertainpointsabouttakingnotes.First,rememberthatnote-takingshouldbe75%listeningandonly25%writing.Sodon’ttrytowritedowneverysinglewordtheteachersays.Ignorewhatisunimportantandwriteinphrasesnotcompletesentences.Second,leavespacesandlinesbetweenmainideas.Youmaywanttoaddsomeinformationlater.Ifindthatsomeofyouaregoodatmakinguseofcolor,mappingwebandsymbolssuchasarrows,circlesandboxes.Ihighlyrecommendthesetoolstoallofyou,becausetheuseofthemmakestheoutlinemoreeasilyreadableandinterestingthantheblocksoftext.Italsomakessurethatimportantwordsstandout.Herearesomeexamples…第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳〖答案〗。ABritishcinemaboastsarichdiversityoffilmsthatweaveappealingnarrativeswithstunninglandscapesandfascinatingcharacters.ThesefilmscelebratethediversebeautyandculturalheritageofBritain.LocalHeroLocalHerodigsintotheconflictbetweenagiantUSoilcompanyandaremoteScottishvillagewhentheformerplanstobuildarefinery.However,theexceptionallybeautifullandscapesandthefirmattitudeofthevillagersswaythecompany’sdecision.Thestoryhasbeenalastingappealtoaudiences,evenafteroverfourdecades.KesBritishdirectorKenLoach’sfirsttriumph,Kes,describesthetouchingnarrativeofayoungYorkshireboytakingthejourneyofcapturingandtraininganeagle.ThefilmoffersararedescriptionofYorkshire,filledwithatenderlensthatcelebratesitsessence.TheDigThedelightfulcountiessurroundingLondonarevividlydepictedinTheDig,setagainstthepeacefulcountrysideofSuffolkbeforeWorldWarⅡ.RalphFiennes,afamousactor,playstheroleofaself-taughtarchaeologistunearthingthemysteriesofanAnglo-Saxongraveyard,addingtoitsfun.CalvaryIrishdirectorMichaelMcDonagh’sfilmssetinIrelandareundoubtedlyattractive,oftenintegratingIreland’spicturesquesceneryintothestory.Amongthese,Calvary,standsout.Itrecordsthedifficultandtiringjourneyofamoralpriest,dealingwiththeevilforceswithinhisarea.21.Whichofthefollowingfilmswillappealtocurioushistorylovers?A.TheDig. B.LocalHero. C.Kes. D.Calvary.22.WhatisthesettingofthefilmLocalHero?A.AYorkshirevillage. B.AremoteScottishvillage.C.ThecountrysideofSuffolk. D.TheAnglo-Saxongraveyard.23.WhatisthethemeoftheBritishfilmsmentionedinthetext?A.ThemoraldilemmaofanIrishpriest.B.ThenationalandculturalheritageofBritain.C.ThebeautyanddiversityofBritishlandscapesandcharacters.D.TheadventuresofYorkshireboyscapturingandtrainingeagles.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四部英国电影。〖答案〗21.A22.B23.C【21题详析】细节理解题。根据TheDig部分中“ThedelightfulcountiessurroundingLondonarevividlydepictedinTheDig,setagainstthepeacefulcountrysideofSuffolkbeforeWorldWarⅡ.RalphFiennes,afamousactor,playstheroleofaself-taughtarchaeologistunearthingthemysteriesofanAnglo-Saxongraveyard,addingtoitsfun.(《TheDig》生动地描绘了伦敦周围宜人的乡村，背景是二战前萨福克郡的宁静乡村。著名演员拉尔夫·费因斯饰演一位自学成才的考古学家，发掘盎格鲁-撒克逊人墓地的奥秘，为影片增添了乐趣)”可知，TheDig会吸引好奇的历史爱好者。故选A。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据LocalHero部分中“LocalHerodigsintotheconflictbetweenagiantUSoilcompanyandaremoteScottishvillagewhentheformerplanstobuildarefinery.(《LocalHero》深入探讨了一家美国巨型石油公司和一个偏远的苏格兰村庄之间的冲突，前者计划建造一座炼油厂)”可知，电影《LocalHero》的背景是一个偏僻的苏格兰村庄。故选B。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Britishcinemaboastsarichdiversityoffilmsthatweaveappealingnarrativeswithstunninglandscapesandfascinatingcharacters.ThesefilmscelebratethediversebeautyandculturalheritageofBritain.(英国电影拥有丰富多样的电影，这些电影用令人惊叹的风景和迷人的人物编织出吸引人的叙事。这些电影颂扬了英国多样的美景和文化遗产)”可知，文章提到的英国电影的主题是英国风景和人物的美丽和多样性。故选C。BThedayImetHaniIrmawati,shestoodaloneintheparkinglotoftheInternationalschool,ashyseventeen-year-oldinwornclothing.Despitetheschool’spolicyagainstIndonesianstudents,sheapproachedme,beggingtoimproveherEnglish.WhenIinquiredabouthermotivation,expectingalocaljobsearch,shequietlyexpressedherdreamofattendinganAmericanuniversity.Movedbyherdetermination,Ivolunteeredtohelpherafterschool.Eachday,Haniwokeatdawn,studyingonthebustoherpublichighschool,thenjoiningmeintheafternoon,exhaustedbuteagertolearn.Despiteherstruggleswithcollege-levelEnglish,herperseveranceamazedme.Hani’sfamilylivedmodestly,herparentsworkingasacustodianandamaid.Theirincomecouldn’tsupportherAmericanuniversityaspirations,dampeningmyinitialoptimism.InDecember1998,ascholarshipopportunityarose,butuponreviewingtherequirements,Idespaired.Hanilackedtheextracurricularexperienceandstandardizedtestscorestypicalofapplicants.Despitemydiscouragement,sheremainedresolute,askingmetosubmitherapplication.Unabletorefuse,Icompletedtheapplication,highlightinghercourageandperseverance.Iwarnedherofslimacceptanceodds,butsheremainedsteadfast.Inthefollowingweeks,HaniintensifiedherEnglishstudies,andIarrangedforhertotaketheTestofEnglishFluency.Thecomputerizedtestposedasignificantchallengeforher.Justbeforedepartingforthetest,shereceivedaletterfromthescholarshipassociation.Ibeganreadingtheletterwithher,onlytodiscovershe’dbeenaccepted.Overjoyed,IcelebratedwhileHanistoodquietly,perhapsbewilderedbymyshock.Inthatmoment,IrealizedwhatHanihadknownallalong:successrequiresnotjustintelligence,butalsothedrivetopersevereandthecouragetobelieveinoneself.24.WhatmotivatedHanitoimproveherEnglish?A.Pressurefromfamilymembers. B.Curiosityaboutforeignlanguages.C.Jobprospectsinthelocalcommunity. D.AmbitionofenteringanAmericanuniversity.25.WhatcanweinferaboutthedifficultiesthatHanihad?A.Hani’sparentswereunsupportiveofherdream.B.Haniwasuninterestedinextracurricularactivities.C.Hani’sapplicationformwasnotsubmittedontime.D.Haniwasnotacademicallyqualifiedforthescholarship.26.HowdidtheauthorlikelyfeelupondiscoveringHani’sacceptancetothescholarship?A.Surprisedandproud. B.Relievedbutenvious.C.Touchedandhonored. D.Shockedbutconcerned.27.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FromShynesstoSuccess B.AScholar’sJourneyC.ThePowerofPerseverance D.Hani’sUnrealisticDream【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁女孩HaniIrmawati为了自己上大学的梦想，努力学习英语，最终获得了奖学金被大学录取的故事。〖答案〗24.D25.D26.A27.C【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenIinquiredabouthermotivation,expectingalocaljobsearch,shequietlyexpressedherdreamofattendinganAmericanuniversity.(当我询问她的动机时，她希望在当地找工作，她平静地表达了她上美国大学的梦想)”可知，进入美国大学这一抱负促使哈尼提高她的英语水平。故选D。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Hanilackedtheextracurricularexperienceandstandardizedtestscorestypicalofapplicants.(哈尼缺乏申请者典型的课外经验和标准化考试成绩)”可知，哈尼在学术上不符合获得奖学金的条件。故选D。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Overjoyed,IcelebratedwhileHanistoodquietly,perhapsbewilderedbymyshock.Inthatmoment,IrealizedwhatHanihadknownallalong:successrequiresnotjustintelligence,butalsothedrivetopersevereandthecouragetobelieveinoneself.(我喜出望外地庆祝，而哈尼静静地站在那里，也许被我的震惊弄糊涂了。在那一刻，我意识到哈尼一直都知道的事情：成功不仅需要智慧，还需要坚持不懈的动力和相信自己的勇气)”可知，当作者得知哈尼获得奖学金时，他感到惊讶和自豪。故选A。【27题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Overjoyed,IcelebratedwhileHanistoodquietly,perhapsbewilderedbymyshock.Inthatmoment,IrealizedwhatHanihadknownallalong:successrequiresnotjustintelligence,butalsothedrivetopersevereandthecouragetobelieveinoneself.(我喜出望外地庆祝，而哈尼静静地站在那里，也许被我的震惊弄糊涂了。在那一刻，我意识到哈尼一直都知道的事情：成功不仅需要智慧，还需要坚持不懈的动力和相信自己的勇气)”结合文章主要讲述了17岁女孩HaniIrmawati为了自己上大学的梦想，努力学习英语，最终获得了奖学金被大学录取的故事。可知，C选项“毅力的力量”最符合文章标题。故选C。CLaughtercomesinmanyforms,fromapolitechuckletoaninfectioushowlofamusement.ScientistsarenowdevelopinganAIsystemthatcancopyvariousformsoflaughteraccurately.Theteambehindthelaughingrobot,Erica,saythatthesystemcouldimprovenaturalconversationsbetweenpeopleandAIsystems.Dr.KojiInoue,leadauthoroftheresearchfromKyotoUniversity,highlightsempathy(共情)asacrucialaspectofconversationalAI,suggestinglaughtersharingasameansforrobotstoconnectwithusers.Toachievethis,Inoueandhisteamgathereddatafromover80speed-datingdialoguesbetweenmalestudentsandErica,initiallyoperatedbyamateuractors.Dialoguedatalabeledforindividual,social,andjoyfullaughterwasusedtotrainanAIsystemtoidentifyandproducefittinglaughterresponses.Basedontheaudiofiles,thealgorithm(算法)learnedtheirsubtledifferences,aimingtoimitatesociallaughssubtlyandheartylaughsempathetically.“Ourbiggestchallengeinthisworkwasidentifyingtheactualcasesofsharedlaughter,”explainedInoue,emphasizingtheneedforcarefulcategorization.Erica’s“senseofhumor”wastestedwithfourdialogues,integratingthenewshared-laughteralgorithm.ThesewerecomparedtocaseswhereEricadidn’tlaughoremittedsociallaughsupondetectinglaughter.Theclipswereplayedto130volunteerswhoratedtheshared-laughteralgorithmhighlyforempathyandnaturalness.Theteambelievedlaughtercouldimbuerobotswithuniquecharactertraits,includingconversationalbehaviorslikelaughter,eyegaze,gestures,andspeakingstyle.However,Inoueacknowledgeditcouldtakeover20yearstohavea“casualchatwitharobotlikewewouldwithafriend.”ProfessorSandraWachter,oftheOxfordInternetInstituteattheUniversityofOxford,said,“OneofthethingsI’dkeepinmindisthatarobotoralgorithmwillneverbeabletounderstandyou.Itdoesn’tunderstandthemeaningoflaughter.Theyfailtofeel,buttheymightgetverygoodatmakingyoubelievetheyunderstandwhat’sgoingon.”28.WhydoscientistsdeveloptheAIsystemthatcancopyvariousformsoflaughter?A.Tomakerobotssoundmorehuman-like.B.Tohelprobotsunderstandhumanemotionsbetter.C.Toenablerobotstohaveasenseofhumorlikehumans.D.ToenhancetheemotionalinteractionbetweenpeopleandAIsystems.29.WhatwasthechallengeInouefacedwhileworkingonthisproject?A.Creatinganalgorithmthatcangenuinelyfeelamusement.B.Identifyingthesituationswherelaughteristrulyunderstood.C.Distinguishingbetweendifferenttypesoflaughteraccurately.D.Collectingsufficientdatafortrainingthemachinelearningsystem.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“imbue”meaninParagraph5?A.Equip. B.Inspire. C.Engage. D.Influence.31.WhatisProfessorSandraWachter’sviewonlaughingrobots?A.Theyarenotcapableofcapturinghumanlaughter.B.Theycanimitatelaughterbutlackthoroughcomprehension.C.Itispossibleforthemtoplaytricksonhumansoccasionally.D.Itwilltakelongbeforehumanshavecomfortableconversationswiththem.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家正在研究的一款可以笑的机器人。〖答案〗28.D29.B30.A31.B【28题详析】推理判断题。由文章第一段“Theteambehindthelaughingrobot,Erica,saythatthesystemcouldimprovenaturalconversationsbetweenpeopleandAIsystems.(大笑机器人背后的团队Erica表示，该系统可以改善人与人工智能系统之间的自然对话。)”可知，科学家开发了一种可以复制各种笑声的人工智能系统，以增强人与人工智能系统之间的情感互动。故选D项。【29题详析】推理判断题。由文章第四段“‘Ourbiggestchallengeinthisworkwasidentifyingtheactualcasesofsharedlaughter,’explainedInoue,emphasizingtheneedforcarefulcategorization.(Inoue解释道：“我们在这项工作中最大的挑战是识别共同大笑的实际案例。”他强调了仔细分类的必要性。)”以及“Erica’s‘senseofhumor’wastestedwithfourdialogues,integratingthenewshared-laughteralgorithm.ThesewerecomparedtocaseswhereEricadidn’tlaughoremittedsociallaughsupondetectinglaughter.(Erica的‘幽默感’通过四个对话进行了测试，整合了新的共享笑声算法。将这些与Erica在检测到笑声时不笑或发出社交笑声的情况进行了比较。)”可知，Inoue在这个项目中面临的挑战是确定笑声的情况是否真正理解。故选B项。【30题详析】词句猜测题。由文章第五段“Theclipswereplayedto130volunteerswhoratedtheshared-laughteralgorithmhighlyforempathyandnaturalness.Theteambelievedlaughtercould

imbuerobotswithuniquecharactertraits,includingconversationalbehaviorslikelaughter,eyegaze,gestures,andspeakingstyle.

(这些片段被播放给了130名志愿者，他们对共享笑声算法的同理心和自然度给予了高度评价。研究小组认为，笑声可以imbue机器人独特的性格特征，包括大笑、眼神凝视、手势和说话风格等对话行为。)”可推测，这里表示笑声可以赋予机器人独特的性格特征，所以猜测imbue表“使……具备”的意思。故选A项。【31题详析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“OneofthethingsI’dkeepinmindisthatarobotoralgorithmwillneverbeabletounderstandyou.Itdoesn’tunderstandthemeaningoflaughter.Theyfailtofeel,buttheymightgetverygoodatmakingyoubelievetheyunderstandwhat’sgoingon.(我要记住的一件事是，机器人或算法永远无法理解你。它不理解笑的含义。他们没有感觉，但他们可能会非常善于让你相信他们了解发生了什么。)”可知，SandraWachter认为会笑的机器人可以模仿笑声，但缺乏全面的理解能力。故选B项。DInaworldofmusicstreamingservices,accesstoalmostanysongisjustafewclicksaway.Yet,theliveperformanceliveson.Peoplestillfillsweatybasements,muddyfieldsandgildedconcerthallstoheartheirfavouritemusiciansplay.Andnowneuroscientistsmightknowwhy—livemusicengagesthebrain’semotioncentresmorethanitsrecordedcounterpart.Concertsareimmersive(沉浸式的)socialexperiencesinwhichpeoplelistentoandfeelthemusictogetherthroughcrescendos,keychangesandrhythmicdrops.Moreover,theyaredynamic—artistscanadapttheirplayingaccordingtothecrowd’sreaction.Itwasthislastdifferencethatledneuroscientists,basedattheUniversitiesofZurichandOslo,tostudythebrainresponsesofpeoplelisteningtomusic.Inthe“live”experiment,participantslayinanMRIscannerlisteningtothemusicthroughearphones,whileapianistwaspositionedoutsidetheroom.Thepianistwasshowntheparticipant’sreal-timebrainactivityasaformoffeedback.Intherecordedcondition,participantslistenedtopre-recordedversionsofthesametunes.Thescientistswereinterestedinhowlivemusicaffectedtheareasofthebrainresponsibleforprocessingemotions,particularlytheamygdala,anareadeepinsidethebrain.Theresults,justpublishedinthejournalPNAS,revealedthatlivemusichadasignificantlygreateremotionalimpact.Whetherthemusicconveyedhappinessorsadness,dynamicliveperformancesledtoincreasedactivitynotonlyintheamygdalabutalsootherpartsofthebrain’semotionprocessingnetwork.Theresearchersalsofoundthatparticipants’brainactivitytrackedtheacoustic(声学的)featuresofthemusic,liketempoandpitch,farmorecloselywhenitwasplayedlive.Whilethestudydidn’tfullyrecreatetheliveconcertexperience,thefindingssuggestthatartists’abilitytoadjusttheirperformanceinrealtimecontributestotheemotionalresonance(共鸣)oflivemusic.Somemusicalactsnowattempttorecreateliveconcerts,suchasABBAVoyage,animmersivepre-recordedVRconcert,butwithoutartists’capacitytoreadaudience’smoodandrespondaccordingly,itwillneverquitematchtherealthing.32.Whydopeopleattendliveshowsdespitemusicstreamingservices?A.Becausetheypreferbeingwithfriendsataconcert.B.Becausetheyenjoytheprocessoffindingpopularmusic.C.Becausetheyintendtomeettheirfavoritemusiciansinperson.D.Becausetheyvaluetheemotionalconnectionlivemusicbrings.33.Theroleofthepianistplayinthe“live”experimentisto_______.A.observetheparticipants’brainactivityasfeedbackB.comparetheeffectivenessofliveperformancesandrecordedonesC.provideliveaccompanimenttoparticipantsinsidetheMRIscannerD.demonstratetheirabilitytoreadandrespondtotheaudience’smood34.WhatdidthestudypublishedinPNASfindabouttheimpactoflivemusiconthebrain?A.Livemusicaffectedonlytheamygdalaofthebrain.B.Thebrainrespondedmoreintenselytoacousticfeaturesoflivemusic.C.Livemusichadareducedemotionalimpactcomparedtorecordedmusic.D.Theparticipants’brainactivitywasespeciallysensitivetodynamicmusic.35.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioningABBAVoyageinthelastparagraph?A.Itfailstocreateaperfectperformingatmosphere.B.Itmatchesthesoundqualityofliveperformances.C.Itgreatlystirsuptheaudience’semotionalresponse.D.Itlacksartists’responsebasedonaudience’sfeedback.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了尽管有音乐流媒体服务，人们还参加现场演出，因为他们重视现场音乐带来的情感联系。文章介绍了与之有关的研究和研究发现。〖答案〗32.D33.C34.B35.D【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Peoplestillfillsweatybasements,muddyfieldsandgildedconcerthallstoheartheirfavouritemusiciansplay.Andnowneuroscientistsmightknowwhy—livemusicengagesthebrain’semotioncentresmorethanitsrecordedcounterpart.(人们仍然挤在闷热的地下室、泥泞的田野和镀金的音乐厅里听他们最喜欢的音乐家演奏。现在神经科学家可能知道了原因——现场音乐比录音音乐更能调动大脑的情绪中枢)”可知，尽管有音乐流媒体服务，人们还参加现场演出是因为他们重视现场音乐带来的情感联系。故选D。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inthe“live”experiment,participantslayinanMRIscannerlisteningtothemusicthroughearphones,whileapianistwaspositionedoutsidetheroom.Thepianistwasshowntheparticipant’sreal-timebrainactivityasaformoffeedback.Intherecordedcondition,participantslistenedtopre-recordedversionsofthesametunes.(在“现场”实验中，参与者躺在核磁共振扫描仪中，戴着耳机听音乐，而钢琴家则被安排在房间外面。作为一种反馈，钢琴家被展示了参与者的实时大脑活动。在录音条件下，参与者听预先录制的相同曲调)”可知，钢琴家在“现场”实验中扮演的角色是为MRI扫描仪内的参与者提供现场伴奏。故选C。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theresults,justpublishedinthejournalPNAS,revealedthatlivemusichadasignificantlygreateremotionalimpact.(刚刚发表在《美国科学院院刊》上的研究结果显示，现场音乐对情绪的影响要大得多)”可知，关于现场音乐对大脑的影响，发表在PNAS上的研究发现大脑对现场音乐的声学特征反应更强烈。故选B。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Somemusicalactsnowattempttorecreateliveconcerts,suchasABBAVoyage,animmersivepre-recordedVRconcert,butwithoutartists’capacitytoreadaudience’smoodandrespondaccordingly,itwillneverquitematchtherealthing.(现在，一些音乐表演试图重现现场音乐会，比如ABBAVoyage，这是一场身临其境的预先录制的VR音乐会，但如果艺术家没有能力读懂观众的情绪并做出相应的反应，它就永远无法与真实的音乐会媲美)”可知，作者在最后一段提到ABBAVoyage意思是缺乏艺术家基于观众反馈的回应。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项.Thesolutiontoanydespairmightbehope,expertssay.It’sbelievinginabrighterfutureandactingtowardsit.____36____Herearestrategiesthatcanhelpcultivatehope.AsHellman,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatSuffolkUniversityinBoston,pointsout,“Hopebegetshope,andithassuchasignificantprotectivefactor.”____37____Makeitapointtoalwaysbeworkingtowardatleastonegoalthat’smeaningful,Hellmanadvises.Inotherwords,itshouldn’tbesomethingyouhavetodobutsomethingyouwanttodo.“Goalscanbeanythingthat’simportanttous,”hesays.Brainstormsolutions.Ifyou’vesetagoalthat’smeaningfultoyou,butyoucan’tfigureoutawaytoachieveit,you’llprobablyfeelprettyhopeless.Peoplewhoarehighinhope,meanwhile,tendtogeneratelotsofways.____38____Ifyou’restrugglingtomakeaplan,Hellmansuggestssittingdownwithapenandpaperandgivingyourselfanhourtobrainstormsolutions.Seekoutsuccessstories.It’ssaidthatpeoplecultivatehopebyseekingsupportfromtheirparentsandspecificteachers.Buttheyalsogotalotoutoflearningaboutotherpeoplewhohavedonewellforthemselves.Hellmansays,“____39____”Tapintoyourimagination.Hellmanthinksofimaginationas“theinstrumentofhope”.Let’ssayyousetagoalfortheweek.Spendafewminutesreflectingonortalkingaboutwhatwouldhappenifyouachievedit.“Howdoesitimpactyou,orhowwoulditbenefitothers?”hesays.“____40____Andwhenyoucanseeyourselfinthefuture,thatistheveryessenceofhope.”A.Dosomethingmeaningful.B.Itcanbetaughtandnurtured.C.Thinkinagoal-orientedway.D.Withthesegoodexamples,peopleareboundtobesuccessful.E.So,ifonedoesn’tworkout,theyhaveanalternativeattheready.F.Byseeingotherpeoplesucceed,theyfeelliketheycouldsucceed.G.YouandIhavethisw