2020-2021学年高中英语语法记忆框架版It用法及其句型

"It"用法及其句型

人称代词it是第三人称单数主格或宾格,它可以是在句中充当主语、宾语或表语等,

还可以在句中代替动词不定式、动名词或从句等，充当形式主语和形式宾语。

一.It作人称代词

代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分Youmayborrowthemagazineintheschoollibrary

句所表示的事物。andkeepitfortwoweeks.

Tom'smotherkeptaskinghimthatheshouldwork

hard,butitdidn'thelp.

在特定的语境中，it也可以指人，如Whenababyiscrying,itmaybehungry.

婴儿，性别不详或身份不明的人等。

it起指示代词的作用，表明某人或某--Who'sdancingoverthere?

物的身份。---It'smysister.

用来指代指示代词this或that。---Whafsthis?

——Ifsakeyboard.

二.无人称代词it的用法

It没有明确的指代，但是说话双方都—Howisitgoingatworkthesedays?Stillenjoying

明白的情况。it?

——Well,justfine.

It用来表示时间、天气、季节、距离、It'sabouttenkilometersfromheretotheairport.

环境状态以及度量衡等。It'scoldandwindyoutside.

It'sseveno'clock.

It'ssummernowanditbecomeshotterandhotter.

三.It用作形式主语

替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、

动名词置于句尾。

It+be+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth.Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacar

withoutalicense.

代替

It+be+adj.+ofsb.todosth.It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththe

不定

problem.

式

It+takes+sb....todo...(=sbtakes...toIttookthemenaweektomendourroof.(=

do...)某人用多长时间做某事Thementookaweektomendourroof.)

代替Ifsnogood/usedoing...It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.

动名Ifs(well)worthdoing...It's(well)worthreadingthebook.

词

Itis+noun+从句Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantsto

haveasecondtermatoffice.

Itisadj.+clauseIt'simportantthatyoushouldapologizeto

herforyourrudeness.

Itisv-ed+that...(should)...Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwith

(verb二demand,request,require,order,thethirdquestion.

suggest,advise,recommend

Itis+v-edthat...=sb/sthistodoItissaidthatthecouplehavegotten

代替

(verb二say,report,think,believe,hope,divorced.(二Thecouplearesaidtohave

从句

expect,agree,accept,decide,gottendivorced.)

determine,intend,plan,understand,

know)

It+verb+(tosb.)that...=sb/sthverbIt(so)happened/chancedthattheywere

todoout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)

(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,

emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,

transpire,turnout,workout)

四.It作形式宾语

用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定

式、动名词置于句尾。

verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)todo/clauseIthinkithardforyoutodothetaskonyourown.

(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,/Ithinkithardthatyoulldothetaskonyour

feel,make,keep...)own.

Verb+it+adj./noun(one's)doingIllmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthis

(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=nosecret.

use/nogood/worthone'swhile/awasteof

time/money/energy/words)(verb=think,

believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,

keep...)

verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clauseThelecturertakesitasencouragingwhenso

(verb二accept,regard,take,see,view)manystudentsattendhislecture.

v.+it+prep.+that...Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveitto

oweittosb.that…把…归功于…metosortout.

leaveittosbthat…把…留给某人去做

takeitforgrantedthat…想当然

keepitinmindthat...

It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后IhateityoucanswimsowellandIcan't.

面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy,

like,love,dislike,appreciate,hate,don't

mind,befondof,feellike,seeto宾语

从句紧跟it之后

五.强调句型

Itis/was+被强调部分+that(who)...强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成

分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。

注意谓语动词的人称和数的一致性ItisMaryandTomwhooftendogooddeeds.

ItisIwhoamgoingtoBeijingnextmonth.

在强调时间，地点，原因或方式状语时，Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcome

要用that而不用when,where,why,或howtoschoolyesterday.

在强调not...until结构时必须把not与untilItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglasses

一起放到被强调的位置上。Itis/wasnotthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.

until...that...that从句中谓语动词要用肯

定式

特殊疑问句只有疑问词可以被强调，其句Whenwasitthathechangedhismindtotake

型是：疑问词+is/was+it+that从句partintheactivity?

强调句型的反意疑问句，其问句部分用ItwasatelevenlastnightthatIhearda

isn't/wasn't.terriblenoisefromtheapartment,wasn'tit?

若强调句在复合句中作宾语，则强调句必Ireallydidn'tknowwhereitwasthattheold

须用陈述语气。manlosthispurse.

六.It引起的几个易混时间句型

It9stime+介词短语+todo/that从句It'stimeforustohavebreakfast.

（that从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气）IfstimethatIpickedmysonfromschool.

It/this/that+is/was/willbe+theThisisthefirsttimethathehasvisitedChina.

first(second...)time+that从句(that

从句中一般使用完成时态)

Itwas/willbelong(hours,days,years,Itwillbetwoyearsbeforewemeetagain.

etc.)+before从句ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleeplastnight.

Itis/hadbeen+一段时间+sinceIt'stwoyearssinceTomjoinedthearmy.

从句It'stwoyearssinceTomwasinourclass.

Itis/was+具体时间+when从句It's7o'clockwhenIgethomefromworkeveryday.

It'sat7o'clockeverydaythatIgethomefromwork.

七.强调句与主语从句，定语从句及状语从句的辨析

强调句将句子中的itis/was...that同ItisLiLei'sbrotherthatyoumetinthestreet

时省去，句子仍然成立；而主语从句将yesterday.

that与后面部分代替it,成立。Itisexcitingthatwehavesucceededinsendingup

ShenzhouV

[.在Itis/was...that…的结构中，如从句ItisanEnglishbook(that/which)Iboughtyesterday.

为定语从句，则句首的it是指示代词，ItwastheEnglishbookthatIboughtyesterday.

担任主句的主语，that担任从句的主语Itwasaroomwhereweusedtohavemeetings.

或宾语，作宾语时可以省略；如为强调Itwasintheroomthatweusedtohavemeetings.

句型，则it和that都是引导词，本身无Itisadaywhenthepeoplecelebratetheirvictory.

意义，that不充当句子成分，不能省略Itwasonthatdaythatpeoplecelebratedtheirvictory.

2.定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词

或名词短语，而强调句型中被强调的部

分可以是名词、副词、介词短语和从句。

1.状语从句句首的It本身就是句子的Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeitvery

主语；而强调句首的It不作任何成分也much.

没有实际意义。Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikevery

2.状语从句的连接副词that及句子前much.

面的Itbe不能去掉Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllikeverymuch.

3.状语从句的引导词可以是when/(定语从句)

where,而强调句型中的that不能用其Itwasalreadymorningwhenhewokeup.

他词代替。Itwasthenextmorningthathewokeup.

八.It常用的固定搭配

(1).在口语当中相当于It'shardtomakeittothetopinshow

succeed,表示：成功、做business.

至U、说定、赶上、及时到

makeit达——Shallwemeetnextweek?

(2).在口语中相当于fix一OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.

thedatefor,表示“约定好

时间”

1).相当于infact,inrealityWehadplanedtofinishthetasktoday,butas

asitis

表示“事实上，实际情况itisweprobablywon'tfinishituntilnext

是……”week.

(2).相当于方式状语从Leavethetableasitis.

句，表示“照原样”

(1).相当于That'sall.Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthat'sit.

Thafssomuch.表示“至一Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthe

that'sit此为止，没有别的了”choice"A"

(2).相当于That'sright.一That'sit.

表示“对啦”

在口语中，相当于beWellreallycatchitformourteacherifwe're

punished/scoldedfordoinglateforclassagain.

catchitsth.wrong.表示“因做错

事而挨骂，受责备，受批

评，受惩罚”

(]).相当于say,insist表示Rumourhasitthattheyaregettingdivorced.

“说，主张，表明，硬说”IhaditfromJohnthatshewasgoingabroad.

haveit(2).相当于gettoknow

something,表示“了解，知