2024年北京西城区高三二模英语试题和答案

2024北京西城高三二模英语2024.5本试卷共14页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.515分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。mayhaveheardofthefamousworkplacecommunicationsoftware,Slack.ManycompaniesuseSlackvirtuallycommunicateacrossteams.mostpeopleknowisthatSlack,despite1,nevermeantexist.Infact,thecompanydevelopedSlackactuallyhadbeenhopingcreatenextpopularvideogame.Butafterraisingmillionsofdollarstofundthegamedevelopment,thecompanyultimately2theprojectbecausethegamefailedtoattractenoughusers.The3goalofthecompanyachieved.duringtheprocessofcreatingtheirgame,somethingelsehappened.Theteamrealizedthatthe4systemtheycreatedtoaccompanythegamewasworthinvestingmoretimein.Andthey5toinventthecommunicationsystemideaoneofthefastest-growingstartups(司)inandSlackwasborn.Anoutcome-focusedcompanymighthavejustmovedonfromthefailedvideogameworse,continuedinvestingresources,riskingfurthernegativeoutcomes.But6,thiscompanydothat.7,theyhadbeenpayingattentiontheprocess.Focusingontheprocessallowedthiscompanytooutcome.8andredefinetheirdesiredprobablyheardaquoteortwoyourlifeaboutthe9of“thejourney”—howoftenthejourneyismoresignificantandimpactfulthanthe10.companythatdevelopedSlackunderstoodthisprinciple,andbyfocusingontheprocessratherthantheoutcome,theywereableachievegreatersuccessthantheyfirsthadhoped1.A.problem2.A.tookdown3.A.immediate4.A.chatB.historyB.shutdownB.generalB.signC.successC.cutdownC.realD.limitationD.passeddownD.initialC.controlC.pretendedC.likelyD.power5.A.intended6.A.luckilyB.managedB.naturallyB.StillD.promisedD.hopefullyD.Instead7.A.Therefore8.A.predictC.ThusB.achieveB.challengeC.adaptD.watch9.A.originC.importanceD.purposeD.direction10.A.distanceB.destinationC.determination第二节（共10小题；每小题1.515分）第1页/共9页阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AIn2022,preservewetlands,alaw(introduce)restrictconstructionandprohibitharmful(activity)suchasovergrazing,overharvesting,andwastewaterdischargeimportantnationalwetlands.Sincetheimplementation(实施)ofthesemeasures,there(be)anincreaseinthenumberofbirdsobservedwinteringinthewetlands.IntheforestrybureauHunanprovincereported72speciesofwaterbirdsthatspentthepreviouswinterDongtingLake.Black-facedspoonbills,14rareandendangeredspecies,weresightedatDongtingafterafive-yearabsence.BAmemoryislikeahallwithmanyrooms,somevisitedothersuntouchedyears.age,sometimes,doorstocertainmemoriesbecomelocked,requiringaspecialkey(access)them.Thesekeysoftencomeintheformofspecificsensoryinputs—somethingyousee,smell,touch,taste,orWhenasensoryinputstimulatesreceptors,signalsaresentalongnervecellstothebrain,theyareprocessedandinterpreted.Thewayoursensesconnectwithourmemoriesshowshowcomplexourmindsare.Knowingthishelpsusunderstandhowourpastaffectshowseeandactthepresent.CBookingaflight-freeholidayiseffortlesswithByway(found)in2020byCatJones,anon-carownerwhosefamilyvacationsannuallybytrainandbike,Bywayisthefirsttravelagentthat100%flight-freetrips.companyexcelsintegratingthejourneyintotheadventureitself,19(ensure)travelersdiscovertheinterestingplacestheywouldotherwisemissbyflyingoverthem.Bywayspecializesinflight-freeexcursionsfromtheUKtoEurope,withplanstoexpanditsflight-freetravelofferings(global)inthefuture.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMuseumTherearemanywaystovisitSAAMandtheRenwickGalleryandthey’reallfree!GalleryforAllAges⚫GroupGrouptoursareavailablebyrequestforadultgroupsofeightormore.Choosefromavarietyofthemes,includingcurrentspecialexhibitions.Request3to4weeksinadvance.⚫toursaresometimesavailable.CheckwiththeInformationDeskwhenyouarrive.Ifawalk-intourisscheduledforthatday:SAAMwalk-intoursstart12:30to1:30p.m.and2:00to3:00p.m.everydayoftheweekand4:005:00p.m.ThursdaythroughRenwickwalk-intoursstartat12:00to1:00p.m.everydayexceptTherearenotoursonSundays.⚫Self-guidedSelf-guidedtoursusingyoursmartphoneareavailablethroughoutSAAM.ScantheQRcodestobringlotsofinformationyourfingertips!AccessFreetoursareavailableonlineandourgalleriesatortheRenwickGallery:第2页/共9页–inAmericanSignLanguage(ASL);–forpeoplewithlowvision;–forpeoplewithmentaldisordersandtheircarepartners.ThereisnominimumgroupsizeforAccesstours.Schoolwelcomelearnersofallabilitiesandfromallsettings.SchooltoursatSAAMandtheRenwickGalleryare:–forkindergartenthroughcollege;–inlinewithnationalcurriculumstandards;–interactiveSchooltourslast60minutes.moreinthegalleries?Askaboutadditionalactivities.Request46weeksinadvance.⚫OnlineSchool–for3rdgradethrough12thgrade;–inlinewithnationalcurriculumstandards;–40tominuteslong.Request4to6weeksinadvance.⚫OnlineAdult–availablebyrequest;–45to60minuteslong;–focusonavarietyofthemes,includinghighlightsandspecialexhibitions;–interactiveconversational.Request4to6weeksinadvance.21.Ifyouwanttakeawalk-inyoucanvisittheSAAMGalleryat______.A.12:00pmMondayC.1:00pmonSundayB.4:30pmonD.3:30pmon22.WhatdoweknowabouttheAccessPrograms?A.areavailableinEnglishB.Thereisaminimumgroupsizeof8Accesstours.C.Peoplewithmentalillnesscanvisitthegallerieswiththeircarepartners.D.Peoplewithpoorsightcannothaveaccesstothefreetoursinthegalleries.23.Fromthepassage,wecanknow______.A.SAAMandtheRenwickGallerypaidtoursforadultgroupsB.schooltoursareconsistentwitheducationalcurriculumstandardsC.requestsforonlinetoursshouldbemadeatleast3weeksinadvanceD.visitorscanusesmartphonestoenjoyself-guidedtoursinRenwickGalleryBInthestateofGeorgia,onefarmerhasmadehismissionnotonlyfeedthehungrybuthelpthemgrowtheirownfoodtheirownbackyard.“Mymaingoalismakesurethatunderservedcommunitiesthathavebeenexcludedoroverlookedhaveaccesstolocallygrownfood,”saidBobbyoperatesthenonprofitMetroAtlantaUrbanFarm.Since2009,hastaughtthousandsofpeopletoplantandgrowtheirvegetablesandpreparemealswiththem,includingonions,garlic,cucumbers,tomatoes,collardgreens,squash,andeggplant.第3页/共9页“Notonlycanyoulearnfrommy35yearsofdoingthistypeofwork,”said,“butyoucanlearnfromourcommunitygardenersaregrowingfoodinanaturalthefirstcollegegraduateinhisworkedwiththeUniversityofformorethan20years,bringinggardeningeducationandprogramstopublichousingcomplexes,schoolsandchurchesthroughoutMetroAtlanta.Throughhiswork,hesawagreatneedforfresh,healthyfoodinlow-incomeurbancommunities.Whenheretiredin2009,heusedaportionofhisretirementsavingstopurchasethefarmandhelpfillthegap.“Isawtheneed,”said.“Plus,whenyouretire,youshoulddosomethingyoureallyHeestimateswiththerisingpriceoffood,peoplecouldsavethousandsyearlybygrowingtheirfruitsandvegetables.alsopointsoutthehealthbenefitsthatfreshproducebrings.MillionsofhouseholdsintheUSarestrugglingtofeedtheirfamilies.Andthisiswhatmotivates“Whensmallanddisadvantagedfarmershavetheavenuegetridofthatproducebecausepeoplewerenotcomingouttowehadopportunityhelpkeepthemalive,”said.werebuyingfoodfromAfricanAmericanfarmersdidnothaveoutletsandgivingitcontinuesfreefoodthoseinneedatadrive-throughgiveawayeveryweek,wherefamiliescansecurehealthyproduce.Overtheyears,sayshehashostedalotofstudentsingradesK-12forfarmtoursandagriculturalfieldtrips.Heworkswithfarmersandgardenersofallagesandskilllevels,frompreschoolerstoseniors,provideeducationandaccesstoaffordableproduce.morethanjustafarm,”hesaid.aboutjustice,andinclusion,becauseattheendoftheIwantgrandchildrentohaveitbetterthanwhatIhaveit24.startedtheMetroAtlantaUrbanFarmmainly______.A.makealivingB.pursuehiscareerC.promotehealthawarenessD.helpthecommunities25.canlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.farmhasbeenaroundforover30yearsB.undertakessomeeducationalinitiativesatthefarmC.somesmallanddisadvantagedfarmersjoinedfarmD.thousandsofstudentshaveattendedclassesonfarming26.Whatdoesthinkofhisfarm?A.Underestimated.C.Imperfect.B.Unexpected.D.Promising.CWhenpeoplehear“artificialintelligence,”manyenvision“bigdata.”areasonforthat:someofthemostimportantAIbreakthroughsinthepastdecadehavereliedonenormousdatasets.ButAIisonlyaboutdatasets,andresearch“smalldata”approacheshasgrownextensivelyoverthepastdecade—withso-calledtransferlearningasanespeciallypromisingexample.Alsoknownas“fine-tuning,”transferlearningishelpfulinsettingswhereyouhavelittledataonthetaskofinterestbutabundantdataonarelatedproblem.wayworksisthatyoufirsttrainamodelusingabigdatasetandthenretrainslightlyusingasmallerdatasetrelatedtoyourspecificproblem.Researchtransferlearningapproacheshasgrownimpressivelyoverthepast10years.anewreportGeorgetownCenterforSecurityand(CSET),examinedcurrentandprojectedprogressscientificresearchacross“smalldata”approaches.Ouranalysisfoundthattransferlearningstandsoutasacategorythathasexperiencedmostconsistentandhighestresearchgrowthonaveragesince2010.Thisgrowth第4页/共9页hasevenoutpacedtheandmoreestablishedfieldofreinforcementlearning,whichrecentyearshasattractedwidespreadattention.Smalldataapproachessuchastransferlearningnumerousadvantagesovermoredata-intensivemethods.ByenablingtheuseofAIwithlessdata,theycanbolsterprogressinareaswherelittleornodataexist,suchinforecastingnaturaldisastersthatoccurrelativelyrarelyorinpredictingtheriskofdiseaseforapopulationsetthatdoesnothavedigitalhealthrecords.Anotherofthinkingaboutthevalueoftransferlearningistermsofgeneralization.Arecurringchallengeintheuseofisthatmodelsneedto“generalize”beyondtheirtrainingdata.Becausetransferlearningmodelsbytransferringknowledgefromonetasktheyareveryhelpfulimprovinggeneralizationthenewtask,evenifonlylimiteddatawereavailable.byusingpretrainedmodels,transferlearningcanspeeduptrainingtimeandcouldalsoreducetheamountofcomputationalresourcesneededtotrainalgorithms(算法).Thisefficiencyissignificant,consideringthattheprocessoftrainingoneneural(神经系统的)networkrequiresconsiderableDespitethegrowthresearch,transferlearninghasreceivedrelativelylittleexistenceoftechniquessuchastransferlearningdoesnotseemhavereachedtheawarenessofthebroaderspaceofpolicymakersandbusinessleadersinpositionsofmakingimportantdecisionsaboutAIfundingandadoption.Byacknowledgingthesuccessofsmalldatatechniquesliketransferlearning—anddistributingresourcestosupporttheirwidespreaduse—wecanhelpovercomesomeofthecommonmisconceptionsregardingtheroleofdatainAIandfacilitateinnovationnewdirections.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bolster”Paragraph3probablymean?A.Promote.C.B.Seek.D.28.Inwhichthefollowingsettingscantransferlearningbebestapplied?A.PredictingthefrequencyoffloodsinAmazonrainforest.B.Designingaprogramthatcanreadhandwrittendocuments.C.Forecastingthenumberofpeopleinfectedwithunknownillness.D.Predictinghousepricesbasedonbasicfeatureslikeareaandlocation.29.Whatistheattitudetowardstransferlearning?A.Doubtful.C.Critical.B.Optimistic.D.Unconcerned.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitlethepassage?A.Learning:WhereDoesItBestFit?B.SmallAreAlsoCrucialforAdvancingAIC.LearningPowersAdvancesD.BigDatavs.SmallData:WhichIsFutureofAI?DCanyouimaginegettingamajordentalprocedurewithoutnovocaine(一种麻醉药)?Ascientistcolleagueofminerecentlytoldme,ratherthanuseit,heuseda“focusin”meditation(冥想)techniquetodirectallofhisattentiontohismouthwithasmuchcalmingequanimityashecouldDoingtransformedthepainforafewminutes.Astreamofscientificarticlessuggeststhattherearebenefitsturningtowarddiscomfortornegativeemotionswithacceptance.Inaddition,allofuscangainfromfindingwayscopewithstressandsuffering—particularly第5页/共9页whencircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Asaresearcherwhohasstudiedmeditationformorethan20years,Ibelievethatthecultivationofequanimitycanhelp.importantfirstdefinetheideaofturningtowarddiscomfort.I’mnotadvocatingforpeopleputthemselvesdangerouspositions.Butwhenwepushourselvesintochallengingorembarrassingsituations,muchliketrainerspushathletesjustpasttheircomfortzonemakegains,learningoftenhappens.Myownresearchindicatesthatmeditationprovidesidealpracticeturningtowarddiscomfort—particularlywhentrainsuplaboratoryCarnegieMellonweconductedseveralclinicaltrialsondevelopingequanimityduringmindfulnessmeditationtraining.Thisapproachincludesguidedmeditationexercisessuchusingamatter-of-factvoicelabeluncomfortablefeelingsinthebodyorwelcominguncomfortablefeelingsbysaying“yes”aloudeachtimeafeelingisdetected.hired153stressedadultsandthemamindfulnessmeditationtrainingprogramwithorwithouttrainingOurequanimityskillstraininggrouphadsignificantlybetteroutcomesonseveralmeasures.Afterjust14daysoftraining,forexample,theparticipantslearnedequanimityskillshadsignificantlylowerbiologicalstressresponseswhenaskedtodeliveraspeechandsolvemathproblemsinfrontofexpertsinwhitelabcoats.Thisgroupalsohadsignificantlylowerbloodpressureandstresslevels.Inthedaysaftertraining,peopleintroducedtoequanimityexercisesalsoreportedsignificantlyhigherpositiveemotionsandwell-beingthroughoutthedayandmoremeaningfulsocialinteractionsthanparticipantsreceivedmindfulnesstrainingwithouttheequanimitycomponent.Itwasasthoughdevelopingequanimityhadtransformedtheiremotionalreactivitytostress,helpingthembetterappreciateandenjoydailymanylittlepositiveexperiencesandmakingthemmorecuriousandopentoconnectingwithothers.areexpandingonthisworkseveralways—includingthroughthedevelopmentofappthatequanimitytrainingondemandandwithtrialsinvolvingparticipantswithstress-relatedgastrointestinal(胃肠的)disorders.Meanwhileotherscientistsarefurtherexploringareconvincedwecaneachbuildourresilience(恢复力)onapersonallevelbycultivatinggreateracceptanceofourexperience—goodorbad,painfulorpleasant—inthepresentmoment.31.Whatcanbelearnedaboutequanimity?A.Itisastateofmentalcalmness.B.Itisaformofnegativeemotions.C.Itisareplacementfornovocaine.D.Itistheresultofmindfulnessmeditation.32Whichofthefollowingisagoodexampleofequanimitytraining?A.IgnoringdiscomfortB.DetectingunusualC.Keepingemotionstooneself.D.Seeingnegativefeelings33.Paragraph5iswrittenshow______.A.thebenefitsofdevelopingequanimityB.theprocedureofmindfulnessmeditationC.theperformancesofmeditationtraininggroupsD.therelationshipbetweenequanimitywell-being34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Stresscontributestophysicaldisorders.B.PleasantexperiencesresultgreaterC.Peoplearelikelytohaveeasyaccessequanimitytraining.第6页/共9页D.Resiliencecanhelppeoplegainmoreacceptanceofhardship.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。towritebetter?anewbookthatsayssimplewritingisbest.Doyoucheckyourtextmessagesbeforesending?35Ifnot,youmightprefergettingthingsdonefast,evenifthey’renotperfect.Thisbookthatimportanttowriteevenforquickmessages.RogersandJessicaLaskyFink,fromHarvard,wroteForBusyReaders”.smartlynamedbecausebusyPeoplegetlotsofmessageseveryfromemailstotexts.Decidingwhattoread,skim,orignorehappensmanytimesadayforalmosteveryone.Theauthorssharegoodwritingtips,likecuttingunnecessarywordsandusingsimplewordseveryoneknows.Theysayimportantkeepsentencessimple.Theytestedtheideathatlessismore.Forexample,theysentemailthousandsofschool-boardmembersaskingthemtotakeaTheymadetheemailfrom127to49words,andgotdoubleresponses(from2.7%to4.8%).37Thesameistruefortextmessages.Inanothertest,theysentashortmessageaskingparentstotakeaItgotmoreresponsesthanamoresympatheticone.Sometimes,beingshortandclearworksbetterthanbeingkindbutignored.notjustwhatyoubuthowquicklyyouitthatmatters.notjustaboutwordcount.38ReducingthenumberofoptionshasthesameShort,activesentenceswithcommonwordsarebest.Frompoststoonlinereviews,followingtheserulesgetsmorelikesandshares.Seriouswritersshouldpayattentiontoo.AstudyfoundthatcompaniesusinglongsentencesandcomplicatedwordswereseenaslessmoralandItmightbetemptingsendmessagesquicklyandhopeforthebest.Buttakingtimewriteforyourreadershasbenefits.Ifyousendarushedmessagethatreadersignore,likeyousenditatall.A.Ifeveryoneisabusyeveryoneisabusywritertoo.B.Theycangetpuzzledbysocialmediaplatforms.C.Ifyoudo,youprobablylikemakingeventhesimplestmessagesperfect.D.TheyfoundthatlongermessagesmakepeoplethinkthetaskwilltakeE.Keepingmessagestooneidea,orasaspossible,helpsmakethey’reread,remembered,andactedon.goalistoconveyenoughpassionthatyourreadersthinktheissueinyourmessageisworthcaringabout.G.Explainingthethinkingbehindyourmessageswillallowreaderstoseethatyouknowwhatyou’retalkingabout.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。FourColombianchildrensurvivedaplanecrashonlybelostdeeptheAmazonrainforestforwelloveramonth.Thisishowtheysurvivedthishorrifyingsituation.mostnightmare:survivingaplanecrashonlytobetrappedinajunglewithnowayofcontactingtheoutsideworld.Buttheysurvived.children,aged13,nineandaswellasan11-month-oldwereflyingwiththeirmotherfromtheirvillageintheAmazonvisittheirfatherJosꢀdelGuaviare.single-第7页/共9页engineCessnaonwhichtheywereflyingexperiencedengineproblemsanddisappearedonMay1,2023.Badweatherpreventedthearmyfromfindingthecrashsitetwoweeks,wheretheythenfoundthedeadbodiesofthreeadults,includingtheHowdidthesechildrensurviveconditionsthatwouldbeanunimaginablestruggleformostadults?TheyaremembersoftheHuitotoIndigenousgroupandwereraisedinthejungle.Assuch,theyhaveintimateunderstandingoftherainforest.Theyknowwhichfruitsaresafetoeatandwhichplantsshouldbeavoided.with,ratherthanagainst,theAmazon,theysurvivedfruitsandseeds,whilefeedingthebabywatermixedwithyuccaflourthattheyfoundontheplane.Whilethechildrengotonwiththebusinessofsurviving,theColombianarmyworkedwithIndigenousvolunteersfindthem.After40daysofsearching,thechildrenwerefoundandtakenrecoveratamilitaryhospitalBogota.Whilemanyaroundtheworldhavetakenthissurvivalstorybeamiracle,otherspointoutthatitistheresultofanancientandintimateknowledgeoftherainforestthathasbeenpasseddownthroughIndigenouscommunitiesoverthegenerations.Indigenoustribeshaveacloserelationshipthe