北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT3 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK Lesson1课件

UNIT3

CONSERVATIONSectionⅠ

TOPICTALK&LESSON1导读话题秒切入011．Onlytoobeynatureinordertoovercomenature.—CharlesDarwin要征服自然就只能遵从自然。——查尔斯·达尔文2．Natureiskindofalovingmother，butalsoabutcherincoldblood.—VictorHugo自然不仅是位慈爱的母亲，还是个冷血的屠夫。——维克多·雨果3．Itisusuallytheirownsurroundingsasaformoffreemerchandise，Idonotknowanywaytocherishandspoil.—GanHarman我们常把环境看作免费商品而不知珍惜。——甘·哈曼4．Thelandtoallthepeoplearetheessenceofthematerial，andfinally，ithasbeentherefromthepeopleoftherebateisrubbishthesesubstances. —WaltWhitman土地对人类来说是根本，然而人类给予自然的是垃圾。——沃尔特·惠特曼

5．Foryearswe'vebeenconqueringnature.Nowwe'rebeatingittodeath. —TomMcMillan我们花了多年时间来征服自然，而如今又开始把它往死里推。——汤姆·麦克米兰Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture，carsmakegreatnoisesandgiveoffpoisonousgas.Treesonthehillshavebeencutdown，andwastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuouslyintorivers.Furthermore，whereverwegotoday，wecanfindrubbishcarelesslydisposed.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheearthischanging.Massivedestructionofenvironmenthasbroughtaboutnegativeeffectsandevenposesagreatthreattomansexistence.Wemusttakeactionstosolveourenvironmentalproblems.Wehopethatallthesemeasureswillbeeffectiveandbringbackahealthfulenvironment.ThefirstEarthDaywasin1970.Peoplewerebeginningtoworryaboutwhatweweredoingtoourenvironment.SotheysetupEarthDaytotelleveryoneabouttheirworries.In2007，organizersover150countriesplannedover4，000bigevents.ButEarthDayisnotjustaboutmarches(游行)andbigevents.IntheweekaroundEarthDay(22April)thereweremanythousandsofsmaller，localevents.Theseeventsdealtwithenvironmentalproblemsintheneighborhood.TheWorldWideFundforNaturemadealistof5thingsthateachpersoncoulddotosavetheenvironment.*Don'tleavethetaprunning.*Turnofflightswhenyouleavearoom.*Turnoffyourcomputereverynight.*Washyourclothes，andyourself，inwarmorcoldwater，nothotwater.*Dishwashersuseaslittlewateraspossible.Ifwealldoatleast2oftheseallthetime，wecanmakeabigdifference.[探究发现]1．WhatisthepurposeofpeopletosetupEarthDay?_______________________________2．Whatshouldpeopledowhenthewaterkeepsrunningfromatap?__________________________________________________3．Besidesthefive，whatelsecanyoudotosaveourenvironment?______________________________________Totelleveryoneabouttheirworries.Peopleshouldstopitfromrunning/Stopitfromrunning.Weshouldn'tthrowrubbisheverywhere...SectionⅠ

TOPICTALK&LESSON1预习新知早知道02词汇识记词汇活用尝试理解课文译注Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配(

)1.conservation

A．adj.塑料制的(

)2.plastic B．n.onethingonalistofthingstobuy，do， talkabout，etc.(

)3.item C．n.protection

(

)4.unrecyclable D．adv.非法地，违法地(

)5.illegally E．adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的(

)6.informative F．adj.不可回收的(

)7.extinct G．n.物种，种(

)8.species H．adj.nolongerinexistence(

)9.endangered I．adj.太阳光(能)的(

)10.solar J．adj.濒危的[答案]

1—5

CABFD

6—10

EHGJIB．短语匹配(

)1.havearole A．彻底毁灭(

)2.doone'spart B．起某种作用(

)3.wipeout C．尽自己的职责(

)4.betoblame D．消失；绝迹，灭绝(

)5.beatrisk E．(对某事)负有责任(

)6.dieout F．处境危险，受到威胁BCAEFDⅡ.默写单词1．______

n.

威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能2．____

vi.&vt.

猎取，猎杀3．__________

adv. 非常地，极端地4．_______

adj. 异常的；不平常的5．____

adj. 大量的6．______

adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的threathuntincrediblyunusualmassvaried7．________

vi.&vt.

减少n. 减少；减少的量8．_____

vt.

责怪，指责9．_____

vi.&vt. (使)孵化10．_______

vt. (使)恢复decreaseblamehatchrestoreⅠ.语境填词hunted；mass；affected；informative；destroyed；restore；species；switch；decreased；solar1．Noonewasinjuredintheexplosion，butthebuildingwascompletely_________．2．EverytimeI______ontheTV，there'sfootball.It'soverkill.3．Whalesarestillbeing______andkilledintheArctic.4．Many_______havebeenshottothevergeofextinction.destroyedswitchhuntedspecies5．Thegovernmentorderedthepoliceoutto_______orderandpeaceinthestreets.6．Chinaistheworld'stopinvestorinwindand_____power.7．Thesouthofthecountrywasworst________bythedrought.8．Thenumberofnewstudents_________from210to160thisyear.9．TheUK，uniquely，hasnothadtofacetheproblemof____unemployment.10．Itrulyhopeyoufoundthiswritingenjoyableand___________．restoresolaraffecteddecreasedmassinformativeⅡ.语法填空之派生词1．Sheisinterestedin____________(conserve)．2．Canwestopusingthe___________(recyclable)styleoflunchboxes?3．Uptotwothirdsof14-16yearoldsadmittobuyingdrink_________(legally)．4．It'sagoodrestaurant，and__________(incredible)cheap.5．Thebookisextremely___________(information)aboutlifeinRomantimes.conservationunrecyclableillegallyincrediblyinformative6．Hehadhada______(vary)trainingandheldmanyoffices.7．Itwasan_______(usual)dayforsummer，dampandchilly.8．14percentofprimatespeciesarehighly__________(endanger)．9．Hesaidarmyofficershad__________(threat)todestroythetown.10．Anoperationisbeginningtotrytosaveaspeciesofcrocodilefrom__________(extinct)．variedunusualendangeredthreatenedextinction1．Extinctions，whereentirespeciesarewipedout，arenotunusualinourEarth'shistory.物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，______________________。2．Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally，therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscauseforconcern.虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，________________________。在地球的历史上并不罕见但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧3．ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth，includinganimalsandplants.很明显，______________________________________________，包括动物和植物。4．Withoutforests，wewouldhavenoairtobreathe，andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.__________________________________，没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响没有森林，我们就没有可以呼吸的空气5．Tohelpthemsurvive，peoplearerestoringtheirhabitatsandremovingsmallanimalsthathuntthem，suchasmiceandcatsfromtheislandswheretheylive.为了帮助它们生存，人们正在恢复它们的栖息地，__________________________________________________________。并将捕食它们的小动物，如老鼠和猫，从它们生活的岛屿上赶走课文助读①entirespecies整个物种②wipeout彻底毁灭③unusualadj.异常的；不平常的④infact事实上⑤thethirdmassextinction第三次生物大灭绝⑥knownas以……而著称⑦variedadj.各种各样的，形形色色的⑧accordingto根据⑨volcaniceruptions火山爆发⑩asteroidn．小行星⑪thedecreaseoftheoxygencontent含氧量下降⑫globalwarming全球变暖⑬betoblame(对某事)负有责任⑭dieout消失；绝迹，灭绝⑮causeforconcern令人担心的原因⑯duetonaturalcauses由于自然原因⑰thatis即⑱humanactivity人类活动⑲alonglistofreasons很多原因⑳factoryfarming工业化种植㉑overfishingn．过度捕捞㉒negativelyaffectallotherspecies对所有其他物种都有负面影响㉓studytheissue研究这个问题㉔uptothreequartersof多达四分之三的……㉕dependon依赖㉖beatriskof处

于……的危险或威胁中㉗thebalanceinnature自然平衡㉘havenoairtobreathe没有可以呼吸的空气㉙beunabletosurvive无法生存㉚takeaction采取行动㉛takestepstodo...采取措施做某事㉜saveendangeredspecies拯救濒危物种㉝setupspecialareas建立特别保护区㉞naturalsourcesofenergy天然能源㉟solarenergy太阳能㊱inshort简而言之㊲stopdestroyingtheplanet停止破坏星球㊳onlyfiveblackrobinsleft只剩下5只黑知更鸟㊴offthecoastofNewZealand离新西兰海岸不远㊵layeggs下蛋㊶wildlifeworkers野生动物工作者㊷beginaprogrammefor开始……的计划㊸hatchvi.&vt.(使)孵化㊹takecareofthechicks照顾小鸟㊺thankstotheirefforts由于他们的努力㊻restoretheirhabitats恢复它们的栖息地原文呈现THESIXTHEXTINCTIONExtinctions，whereentirespecies①arewipedout②(1)，arenotunusual③inourEarth'shistory.Infact④，over90percentofallspeciesthateverlived(2)arenowextinct.Inthelast500millionyears，therehavebeenfivetimeswhenlifeonEarthhasalmostended(3)．Theseincludethethirdmassextinction⑤，knownas⑥the“GreatDying”，whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies(4)．Andthefifthevent，whichoccurred66millionyearsago(5)，causedthedeathofthedinosaurs.Thereasonsforextinctionsarevaried⑦.Accordingto⑧scientists，theyincludevolcaniceruptions⑨，asteroids⑩hittingtheEarthfromspace，changesinsealevels，thedecreaseoftheoxygencontent⑪oftheseaandglobalwarming⑫.ManyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth'ssixthmassextinction(6)．Thistime，humanactivitywillbetoblame⑬.(1)where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Extinctions。(2)that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词species。(3)when引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fivetimes。(4)which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thethirdmassextinction。(5)which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thefifthevent。(6)该句为省略that的宾语从句。Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieout⑭naturally，therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscauseforconcern⑮.(7)A2015studybyscientistswhowerebasedatBrownUniversityandDukeUniversityintheUS，lookedathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses⑯，thatis⑰，the“backgroundextinctionrate”．(8)Theyfoundthathumanactivity⑱iscausingspeciestodieout1，000timesfasterthannormal(9)．Thereisalonglistofreasons⑲whysomanyspeciesaredyingout(10)：airandwaterpollution，forestsbeingdestroyed，factoryfarming⑳and

overfishing㉑.Itisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspecies㉒onEarth，includinganimalsandplants.(11)(7)句中although引导让步状语从句；atwhich...happening为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词rate。(8)句中who...theUS为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词scientists；how...naturalcauses为宾语从句。(9)that引导宾语从句。(10)why引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasons。(11)it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs，scientistswhohavestudiedtheissue㉓believethatuptothreequartersof㉔allspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.(12)Ofcourse，aswehumansdependon㉕somanyspeciesforoursurvival(13)，wewouldalsobeatriskof㉖dyingout.Ourworldandourlivesdependonthebalanceinnature㉗betweenanimalsandplants.Withoutforests，wewouldhavenoairtobreathe㉘

，andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive㉙.(12)句中if引导条件状语从句；who...theissue为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词scientists；that...dieout为宾语从句。(13)as引导原因状语从句。Canasixthextinctionbeavoided？Expertssaythatitisnotyettoolate，ifwetakeaction㉚now.(14)Thiswouldmeanwehavetosignificantlychangethewaywelive(15)．Forexample，weneedtotakestepsto㉛saveendangeredspecies㉜，includingsettingupspecialareas㉝whereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected(16)．Weneedtochangehowweworkandtravelbyusingcleaner，morenaturalsourcesofenergy㉞，suchaswindandsolarenergy㉟(17)．Wealsoneedtoimproveourfarmingmethodstoreducewater，airandlandpollution.Inshort㊱，ifwewanttosurvive，weneedtostopdestroyingtheplanet㊲thatweliveonandstarttoprotectit.(18)(14)句中that引导宾语从句；ifwetakeactionnow为条件状语从句。(15)省略that的宾语从句，其中welive为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theway。(16)where引导定语从句，修饰先行词specialareas。(17)how引导宾语从句。(18)句中if引导条件状语从句；thatweliveon为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词planet。TheBlackRobinBlackrobinsarethebirdsthathumanssavedfromextinction(19)．In1980，therewereonlyfiveblackrobinsleft㊳intheworld.TheyalllivedonasmallislandoffthecoastofNewZealand㊴.Onlyoneofthosebirds，afemalecalledOldBlue，wasabletolayeggs㊵.Wildlifeworkers㊶beganaprogrammefor㊷raisingblackrobinchicks.TheyprotectedOldBlue'seggs，helpedthemtohatch㊸，andtookcareofthechicks㊹.Thankstotheirefforts㊺，therearenowmorethan250blackrobins，andthepopulationisspreading.Tohelpthemsurvive，peoplearerestoringtheirhabitats㊻andremovingsmallanimalsthathuntthem，suchasmiceandcatsfromtheislandswheretheylive.(20)(19)that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thebirds。(20)句中thathuntthem为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词smallanimals；wheretheylive也是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theislands。译文参考第六次生物大灭绝物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上，超过90%的物种已经灭绝。在过去的5亿年里，地球上的生命有5次几乎灭绝。其中包括第三次生物大灭绝，即所谓的“大灭绝”，导致90%到96%的物种灭绝。发生在6600万年前的第五次灭绝事件导致了恐龙的灭亡。灭绝的原因多种多样。科学家们认为，造成物种灭绝的原因包括火山喷发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面高度改变、海水中含氧量下降和全球变暖等。许多科学家说，我们现在正在进入地球的第六次大灭绝。这一次，人类活动将是罪魁祸首。虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家们于2015年进行了一项研究，考察了自然原因导致物种灭绝的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现，人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度是正常情况下的1000倍。有很多为什么如此多的物种灭绝的原因：空气和水污染，森林被破坏，工业化种植和过度捕捞。很明显，人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。如果第六次大灭绝发生，研究这个问题的科学家们认为，地球上多达四分之三的物种可能会灭绝。当然，由于我们人类依靠如此多的物种生存，我们也将面临灭绝的风险。我们的世界和我们的生活依赖于动物和植物之间的平衡。没有森林，我们就没有可以呼吸的空气，没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。第六次物种灭绝可以避免吗？专家们说，如果我们现在就采取行动，还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须显著地改变我们的生活方式。例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种，包括建立特别保护区，在这里动植物可以得到保护。我们需要通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源来改变工作和旅行的方式，如风能和太阳能。我们还需要改进我们的耕作方法，以减少对水、空气和土地的污染。简而言之，如果我们想要生存，我们需要停止破坏我们赖以生存的星球，并开始保护它。黑知更鸟黑知更鸟是人类从灭绝中拯救出来的鸟类。1980年，世界上只剩下5只黑知更鸟。它们都生活在离新西兰海岸不远的一个小岛上。其中只有一只名叫“老布鲁”的雌鸟能下蛋。野生动物工作者开始了饲养黑知更鸟的计划。他们保护老布鲁的蛋，帮助它们孵化并照顾小鸟。由于他们的努力，现在有了250多只黑知更鸟，而且数量还在增加。为了帮助它们生存，人们正在恢复它们的栖息地，并将捕食它们的小动物，如老鼠和猫，从它们生活的岛屿上赶走。理解课文精研读03表层理解深度感悟速读课文，完成下列任务Ⅰ.阅读判断判断以下句子提供的信息是正确(T)，还是错误(F)。1．Over90%ofallspeciesthateverlivedontheeartharenowextinct.

(

)2．Therewereaboutsixextinctionsinthepast. (

)3．Itisbecauseofhumanactivitiesthatspeciesaredyingoutfasterthanbefore. (

)4．Expertssaythatitistoolatetopreventthesixthextinction. (

)5．Blackrobinsliketohuntmiceandcats. (

)TFTFFⅡ.补全信息选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：A．whichoccurred66millionyearsagoB．whenlifeonEarthhasalmostendedC．whereentirespeciesarewipedoutD．whereplantsandanimalscanbeprotectedE．atwhichthisisnowhappeningF．whohavestudiedtheissue1．Extinctions，________，arenotunusualinourEarth'shistory.2．Inthelast500millionyears，therehavebeenfivetimes________．3．Andthefifthevent，________，causedthedeathofthedinosaurs.4．Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally，therate________iscauseforconcern.5．Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs，scientists________believethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.CBAEF细读课文，完成下列任务Ⅰ.主旨匹配段落主旨大意1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.4A．Theeffectofhumanactivityonspecies.B．Theconsequencesofthesixthextinction.C．Howtoavoidasixthextinction.D．Themassextinctionsinthehistory.[答案]

1—4

DABCⅡ.课文理解1．Whendiddinosaursdieoutaccordingtothepassage?A．Morethan500millionyearsago.B．Morethan66millionyearsago.C．Inthethirdmassextinction.D．Inthefourthmassextinction.2．Whichofthefollowingisoneofunnaturalreasonsforextinctions?A．Volcaniceruptions.B．AsteroidshittingtheEarth.C．Changesinsealevels.D．Airandwaterpollution.3．WhathasmadethespeciesonEarthdieoutatahigherrate?A．Naturalcauses.B．Globalwarming.C．Humanactivity.D．Nocleanwater.4．Whydoweneedtochangethewaywelivenow?A．Toavoidasixthextinction.B．Tolivewithothersinpeace.C．Tosavenaturalsourcesofenergy.D．Toworkbetterandtravelfaster.[答案]

1—4

BDCAⅢ.概要写作微技能概要写作微技能——找出文中各个段落的主题句并进行高度概括1．Para.1：__________________________________________________________________________________

→高度概括为：__________________________________________________Inthelast500millionyears，therehavebeenfivetimeswhenlifeonEarthhasalmostended.Therehavebeenfivemassextinctionsinthehistory.2．Para.2：___________________________________________________________________________________→高度概括为：__________________________________________________________Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1，000timesfasterthannormal.Itishumanactivitythatiscausingspeciestodieoutmuchfaster.3．Para.3：______________________________________________________________________________________________→高度概括为：______________________________Ofcourse，aswehumansdependonsomanyspeciesforoursurvival，wewouldalsobeatriskofdyingout.Manisalsoatriskofdyingout.4．Para.4：______________________________________________________________________________________

→高度概括为：__________________________________________________Canasixthextinctionbeavoided？Expertssaythatitisnotyettoolate，ifwetakeactionnow.Thesixthextinctioncanbeavoidedifwetakeactionnow.教学知识细解码04词汇派生一词多义要点直击长难句分析教材对接高考应用落实1．conservev．保存；保护；储藏→____________

n．保护→conservativeadj.保守的；守旧的2．_______

vi.&vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclableadj.可回收的→unrecyclableadj.不可回收的3．______

n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能→threatenv．威胁；恐吓；危及→threatenedadj.受到威胁的4．informvt.通知；告知→informationn．信息→___________

adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的conservationrecyclethreatinformative5．legaladj.合法的→legallyadv.合法地→_________

adv.非法地，违法地6．_______

adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinctionn．灭绝；绝种；消亡7．incredibleadj.极好的；难以置信的→__________

adv.非常地，极端地8．urgev．督促；敦促；力劝→______

adj.紧急的，急迫的→urgencyn．紧迫；急迫9．usualadj.经常的，通常的；寻常的，惯常的→_______

adj.异常的；不平常的illegallyextinctincrediblyurgentunusual10．varyv．变化→______

adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→varietyn．变化；品种；种类11．endangervt.危及，使遭受危险→__________

adj.濒危的variedendangered1．decreasevi.&vt.减少

n．减少；减少的量①Thepopulationbegantodecrease.

_________②Theydecreasedthesizeofthegroupfrom25to15.

_________③Thedecreaseinsaleswasalmost20percent. _________________2．affectv．影响；侵袭；使感染；(感情上)深深打动①Youropinionwillnotaffectmydecision. ____②Theyweredeeplyaffectedbythenewsofherdeath. ________③Arthritisisacripplingdiseasewhichaffectspeopleallovertheworld.

______vi.减少vt.减少n.减少；减少的量影响深深打动使感染知识要点1

switchvi.&vt.转换，改变[例]TheremotecontrolallowsyoutoswitcheasilybetweenTVchannels.遥控器让你在不同电视频道之间轻松地转换。[知识拓展]switchoff 切断(电源、气体等)switchon 打开(开关)；接通(电源等)switch(from...)to... (从……)转变成，(从……)转换到switchsth.withsb. 和某人交换某物switchover 转换；换台，换频道[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Switch___theTVbeforeyougoout.②Sheswitched__thelampbecauseitwasdark.③Weaskedthemiftheywouldswitchplaces____us.offonwith知识要点2

urgentadj.紧急的，急迫的[例]Heaskedtoseethemanagerforsomethingurgent.他有急事求见经理。[知识拓展](1)urgev.

催促；力劝；强烈要求urgesb.todosth./intodoingsth. 敦促某人做某事urgethatsb.(should)do... 敦促某人做某事urgesth.onsb. 向某人提出/力陈某事(2)urgencyn. 紧急的事[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Thereporturgedthatallchildren_________________(teach)toswim.②Hedenouncespeoplewhourgehim__________(change)hisways.③Ineednotpressonyouthe_______(urgent)ofthematter.(should)betaughttochangeurgency知识要点3

dieout消失；绝迹，灭绝[例]Asaresulttheseendangeredanimalsmayevendieout.结果，这些濒危动物甚至会灭绝。[知识拓展]dieaway

逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失diedown 逐渐降低，逐渐平息dieoff 相继死去dieof 死于(内因)diefrom 死于(外因)[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Astheregionisbecominghotter，thiskindofgrassisdying___．②Theirchatterandlaughterdied____asthegrouprushedoutoftheclassroom.③Whenalltheguestshadleft，thewholehousedied_____．④Weneedtotakeactionbeforealltheendangeredanimalsdie___．offawaydownout知识要点4

wipeout彻底毁灭[例]Theplagueoncecouldwipeoutavillage.鼠疫曾一度可以夺走整个村庄村民的生命。[知识拓展]wipeaway

擦去，消除wipeoff 擦掉，除掉wipeup 擦净，打败，消灭wipesth.from/offsth. 从……上擦去某物wipe...with... 用……擦……[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Whenyou'vefinishedwithit，simplywipeitclean____adampcloth.②Hewipedthemarks___thewall.withoff知识要点5

variedadj.各种各样的，形形色色的[例]Itisessentialthatyourdietisvariedandbalanced.关键是你的饮食要多样化，并保持均衡。[知识拓展](1)variousadj.

各种各样的forvariousreasons 因种种理由(2)varietyn. 种种；种类；多样化avarietyof/varietiesof 多种多样的(3)varyv. 变化，不同varywith... 随……而变化varyfrom...to... 从……到……变化不等[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Theywerelateforthemeetingfora_______(vary)ofreasons.②Thereare_______(vary)plantsandflowersinthepark.③Theweatherhere______(vary)withseasons.varietyvariousvaries知识要点6

decreasevi.&vt.减少

n．减少；减少的量[例]Iftheirhabitatisthreatenedortheycannotfindenoughfood，theirnumbersmaydecrease.如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或者它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量就会减少。[知识拓展](1)onthedecrease

在减少中adecreasein... 在……方面减少(2)decreaseto... 减少到……decreaseby... 减少了……decreasefrom...to... 从……减少到……[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Thereisadecreaseofnearly7%___

thenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.②Thenumberofindependentfirmsdecreasedfrom198___

96.③Becauseofhumanactivity，thenumberofsomerareanimalsis___

thedecrease.intoon[名师点津]decrease的反义词increase的用法increaseto增加(长)到……increaseby增加(长)了……ontheincrease在增加中知识要点7

blamevt.责怪，指责[例]Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看来水是罪魁祸首。[知识拓展](1)betoblame

把……归咎于betoblameforsth. 对某事负有责任，应受责备blamesb.forsth. 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blamesth.onsb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事(2)put/laytheblameforsth.onsb. 将某事归咎于某人get/accept/bear/taketheblameforsth. 对某事承担责任[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Ifthathappens，thecoachwilltake___blameforit.②Youarenot_________(blame)．Ican'tputtheblame__you.③Youshouldn'tblameJohn___thefailure.＝Youshouldn'tblamethefailure__John.thetoblameonforon知识要点8

affectvt.影响[例]Ihadtomakeimportantdecisionthatwouldaffectmefortherestofmylife.我不得不做出将影响我后半生的重大决定。[知识拓展](1)affectsb./sth.

影响某人某物(2)effectn. 结果；效力；影响；效果；作用put/oeffect 使生效，实行ineffect 事实上；实际上takeeffect 生效；奏效comeintoeffect 开始实施；开始生效haveaneffecton 影响……[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译①__effect，wefeelsuperiortothem.②Thenewlawissaidtohavecome____effectfromApril.③Greatscientificachievementswill____________________

aswellassociety.＝Greatscientificachievementswill__________________________aswellassociety.重大的科技成果将对我们的生活和社会产生很大的影响。intogreatlyaffectourlifehaveagreateffectonourlifeIn知识要点9

beatrisk处境危险，受到威胁[例]Aswithalldiseases，certaingroupswillbemoreatriskthanothers.所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更容易受到威胁。[知识拓展](1)beatriskof

处于……危险之中atallrisks＝atanyrisk 无论冒什么风险attheriskof... 冒……的危险takerisks/arisk 冒险take/runtheriskofdoingsth. 冒险做某事；冒做某事的危险/风险(2)riskdoingsth. 冒险做某事riskone'slifetodosth. 冒着生命危险做某事[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Hejumpedintotheriver___

theriskoflosinghislife.②Ididn'twanttotake/runtheriskof_______(leave)Johnalone.

③Heworkedhard，forhecouldn'trisk______(lose)thegoodjob.＝Heworkedhard，forhecouldn'ttake/runtherisk___

losingthegoodjob.atleavinglosingof重点句式

it形式主语(教材P53)

ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth，includinganimalsandplants.很明显，人类活动已经对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。[句式分析]句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。[例1]Itiscertainthatfreemedicalcarewillbegiventomostpeopleinourcity.可以确定的是我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗。[例2]Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.显然这位司机无法控制他的汽车了。[知识拓展]it作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句的常见形式有：(1)Itbe＋形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important...)＋that从句。(2)Itbe＋名词短语(apity，afact，awonder，ashame，anhonour，nowonder...)＋that从句。(3)Itbe＋过去分词(said，thought，hoped，believed，declared，supposed，reported...)＋that从句。(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，occur，happen...)＋that从句。[即学即练]——完成句子①_________________

nobodywillliketohavedinnerinsuchadirtyplace.很明显，没有人想在这么脏的地方吃饭。②_________________

wefailedtofulfilthetaskaheadoftime.我们没能提前完成任务，真感到惭愧。ItisobviousthatIt'sashamethat③_______________

itistheearliestandlargestpaper-makingworkshopsiteeverfoundinancientChina.人们认为这是迄今为止在中国发现的最早的也是最大的造纸作坊。④____________________

Ihadleftmyticketathome.我突然想起把票忘在家里了。ItisbelievedthatItoccurredtomethat1．Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally，therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscauseforconcern.[分析]句中Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally为________引导的让步状语从句；atwhichthisisnowhappening为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词____。

[翻译]虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。althoughrate2．Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs，scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.[分析]句中Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs为__引导的条件状语从句；whohavestudiedtheissue为____引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词__________；名词性从句thatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout作动词_______的宾语。

[翻译]如果第六次大灭绝发生，研究这个问题的科学家们认为，地球上多达四分之三的物种可能会灭绝。ifwhoscientistsbelieve教材高考1.Thistime，humanactivitywillbetoblame.(2021·全国甲卷)It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblameforgettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria，Canada.2.ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarch，includinganimalsandplants.(2021·全国乙卷)Indeed，theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess，...Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itwassurprising____shepassedthedifficultexam.2．Attheriskof_____________(blame)，hedrovehisfather'scartoschool.3．Oilspillsarehavingadevastatingeffect__coralreefsintheocean.4．Thenumberofteachingstaffmembersinthisschoolhasdecreased__700persons.5．Tom'slifewas______(vary)andpleasantenough，onthewhole.thatbeingblamedontovaried6．Thetsunamithatfollowedengulfedthenortheastandwiped___entiretowns.7．Manyofouroldcustomsare_____(die)outd