2024年高考第二次模拟考试卷：英语（全国卷 01）（全解全析）

2024年高考英语第二次模拟考试

高三英语

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,

用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无

效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whendoesthetourstart?

A.13:25.B.13:35.C.13:45.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Hurryup!Thetourwillbeginin15minutes.Wearegoingtobelate.Ifsalready13:20!

M:Noworries,myclockis10minutesfast.

2.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inahotel.B.Inabank.C.Inashop.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M:Nextplease?

W:Goodafternoon.I'dliketopaythischeckintomyaccount.

M:Goodafternoon.CanIpleasehaveyouraccountdetails?

W:Yes,hereismycard.Ithastheaccountnumber.

3.Whatistheman?

A.Atailor.B.Asalesman.C.Amechanic.

【答案】c

【解析】

【原文】M:Itlookslikeyourengine'sbeenrunninglowonoil,andthatcausedabitofdamage.I'llhave

tokeepitovernightandrepairitinthemorning.

W:Ugh...Ishould'vepaidattentiontotheheadlight.ButhowamIgoingtogethometonight?

M:Wehaveanoldermodelwecouldloantoyouuntiltomorrow.

4.Whatistheman'sproblem?

A.Hecan'tgetthecandybar.

B.Hecan'tgethischangeback.

C.Hecan'tputmoneyintothemachine.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Hey,man.Whafsup?

M:Ah,Iputadollarinthemachineforacandybar,andIgotthething.Then,Ipressedthechangebutton,

butnothingcameout.Themachinestillowesmeaquarter.

5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Apresent.B.Thewoman'sbirthday.C.Athank-younote.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Lookatthewatchmysistersenttoday.

M:Whatwastheoccasion?YourbirthdaywasinFebruary.

W:Itwasathank-youfortakingcareofherhouseandpets.

第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22・5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选

出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给

出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthesailingcourse?

A.Satisfying.B.Discouraging.C.Boring.

7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

A.Theequipmentwasofhighquality.

B.Theteachergaveclearinstructions.

C.Theconditionswereperfectforsailing.

【答案】6.A7.C

【解析】

【原文】M:Thatsailingcoursewasgreat.

W:Icouldn'tagreemore.AnditwasagoodjobI'dreadabitabouthowtodoitbeforeIwent,becauseI

couldn,tactuallyhearalotofwhattheteachersaid.

M:Thesailsmadequitealotofnoiseinthewind,buttherewasjusttherightamountforlearninghowto

sail.

W:Andthewaveswerereallysmalltoo,whichmadethingseasier.Ithinktheclubneedstospendsome

moneyonnewboats,though.TheoneIwasinfeltlikeitmightfalltobitsatanymoment.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whatmadethebookinterestingaccordingtotheman?

A.Themaincharacter.B.Thestoryline.C.Thelanguage.

9.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Interviewerandinterviewee.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Classmates.

【答案】8.A9.C

【解析】

【原文】M:Haveyoufinishedthatbookwe'restudyinginourliteratureclassyet?

W:Yes,lastnightIstayeduplatebecauseIcouldn'tstopreadingthelastfewpages.Ireallydidn'texpect

theherotobekilled.

M:Ithoughthemightbe.Ireadaninterviewwiththeauthorwhosaidsomereaderswouldbedisappointed

bywhathappenedattheend.Fveneverreadanythingthathadsomeonelikehimasthehero,

though.Thafswhatmadeitsointeresting.Mostbooksrelyonthestoryandlotshappening,butthiswas

moreabouthisthoughtsandfeelings.

W:True!

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.Cleaningthehouse.B.Washingclothes.C.Lookingforapen.

11.Whoistoblameforthemess?

A.Jacob.B.Thewoman.C.Theman.

12.Whatmightthemandonext?

A.Meetsomefriends.B.Makeaphonecall.C.Findsomeremover.

【答案】10.Bll.C12.B

【解析】

【原文】W:Oh,man.Someoneranapenthroughthedryer,andnowalloftheclothesandthedryerarea

realmess.

M:Ugh.Wow.Thafsrough.Well,Ihavetogo.FmplayingtenniswithJacobinafewminutes.

W:Noway!Wait,wait.Whataboutthemess?

M:Well,uh,whatclothesdidyouhaveinthere?

W:Listen.Ihadtwoofmynewshirts,apairofshorts,thechildren'srunningsocks,andoneofyourwork

shirts.

M:Noway!

W:Look!Here'sthepen,andithasyourcompanylogoonit.Iguessitwasyourfault.

M:Oooh.Uh...

W:Callyourfriendsandtellthemyou5regoingtobelate.Andtryusingthisremover.If11helpgettheink

marksoutofthedryer.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.WhendidBrittanyenjoyacting?

A.Whensheplayedatbeinganactressathome.

B.Whensheattendedsomeactingclasses.

C.Whenshetookpartinaschoolplay.

14.WhatdidBrittanyworryaboutbeforeherfirsttheatreperformance?

A.Forgettingherlines.

B.Usingthewrongaccent.

C.Appearinginfrontoftheaudience.

15.WhydidBrittanygointoTVacting?

A.Sheneededtoearnmore.

B.Shelostinterestintheatrework.

C.Shewantedtotrysomethingnew.

16.WhatbringsexcitementtoBrittany?

A.Beingofferedanewpart.

B.Watchinghernewworksonscreen.

C.Sharingherperformancewithherfamily.

【答案】13.C14.B15.C16.A

【解析】

【原文】M:We'vegotTVactressBrittanyBriersinthestudio.Brittany,howdidyoudiscoveryourloveof

acting?

W:IwasalwaystryingtobelikeTVcharactersathomebutneverthoughtofacting.WhenIwastwelve,

Mumsentmetodramaclasses.ThenIlearnedenoughtoactinaschoolplay.Beingonstagethenwas

definitelywhatgotmeinterested!

M:Whatwasyourfirstprofessionaltheatreperformancelike?

W:ThepersonIplayedhadanAmericanaccent-IkeptthinkingI'dgobacktomyown.I'msurethings

likenotrememberingyourlinesareembarrassingwhenthere9sahugeaudience.Imadesurethatdidn't

happen.

M:LateryouwentintoTVacting.Why?

W:IwasseenonstagebyadirectorwhothoughtIwasperfectforaTVserieshewasmaking.Ithought

“Whynotlearnsomefreshskills?^^Theextramoneywasuseful,butI'dnevertakeajobjustformoney,

though.

M:Whatdoyoulovemostaboutyourjob?

W:WhenanewTVseriescomesoutandmyfamilygetexcited-butIavoidwatchingmyselfon

screen.Igettherealexcitementfrompickinguptheenvelopecontainingmynewrole.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.WhatisillegalinLosCabos?

A.Drinkingalcohol.B.Rentingcars.C.Beingdrunkinpublic.

18.Wherearethelistenersrecommendedtoexchangetheirmoney?

A.Atabank.B.Atthehotel.C.Atasceneryspot.

19.Whatadvicedoesthespeakergiveaboutgettingaroundthecity?

A.Carryingsomechange.B.Usingpublictransport.C.Avoidingtravelingatnight.

20.Whowillprobablytalkaboutthespecialdiscounts?

A.Luca.B.Havier.C.Diego.

【答案】17.C18.A19.B20.A

【解析】

【原文】W:Helloeveryone.MynameisLuca.WelcomeyoualltoLosCabos.Thebusridetoyourhotel

willtakeaboutfifteenminutes.RightnowI'dliketotakeaminutetofamiliarizeyouwiththearea.Firstly,

pleaserealizethatitisagainstthelawtogetdrunkinpublic.

IpromiseyouaregoingtoenjoyyourstayhereinLosCabos.Thisisabeautiful,quietcitywhereyoucan

relax,sitbythebeach,enjoygreatmealsandfeelverysafe.Youcanwalkintotownandenjoythe

fountainsortakeamoonlitwalkalongthewater.SuntanToursoffersavarietyofspecialdiscounts

dependingonyourtravelplans.Therewillbeashortinformationsessionat1:00pminthehallofthehotel

tomorrowwhereyoucanlearnallabouttheseoffers.Ifyouneedtoexchangeyourdollarsintopesos,

pleaseuseabankormoneyexchange.Wedon'trecommendexchangingyourmoneyneitheratthehotel

noratasceneryspotbecauseyouwon'tgetafairrate.Also,ifyouwanttogetaroundthecity,you'dbetter

offtakingthelocalbus.Ifyoudodecidetotakeataxi,makesurethatyounegotiateapricebeforeyougo.

We'regoingtobepullinguptothehotelinjustafewminutes.HavierandDiegowillbemeetingusatthe

bustohelpyouwithyourbags.Ihopetoseeyoutomorrowattheinformationsession.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

InfluentialArt

WilliamBlake:Visionary

SheilaMetzner:FromLife

July17,2024-August24,2024

July20,2024-August25,2024

Aremarkableprintmaker,painter,andpoet,

Thisexhibitioncelebratestheartisticskillof

WilliamBlake(1757-1827)developedavery

theinternationallyrespectedAmerican

wildlyunconventionalworldview.Bycombining

photographerSheilaMetzner.Heruniquestyle

hispoetryandimagesonthepagethroughunique

integratesaspectsofPictorialismandModernismto

drawingtechniques,BlakecreatedsomeofBritish

createanaesthetic(美感)，whichnotonlystands

arfsmoststrikingandlastingimagery.Thismajor

outinthehistoryofphotographybutalsobecomes

internationalloanexhibitionexploresthe

verycloselyassociatedwiththebestof1980's

artist-poefsimaginativeworldthroughhismost

fashion,beautyanddecorativeartstrends.

celebratedworks.

AlfredoBoulton:LookingatVenezuelaEugeneAtget:HighlightsfromtheMary

(1928-1978)DanSolomonCollection

Daily,throughJuly16,2024Daily,throughJuly25,2024

AlfredoBoultonwasoneofthemostAroundtheturnofthe20thcentury,

importantintellectualsofthe20thcenturyinLatinphotographerEugeneAtgetbrokenewartistic

Americaandaninfluentialphotographeroftheground.Walkingatdawnwithhisheavycamera,he

modernperiod.ThroughhislargecollectionofphotographedthesoulofParisanditssurrounding

works,Boultongeneratedanewculturaldefinitionareasbyfocusingonitsoldalleyways,shopfronts,

ofVenezuela.ThisexhibitionexploresBoulton'sarchitecturaldetails,staircasesandstreet

wonderfulphotography,hisrelationshipswithsellers.Thisfocusedexhibitionfeatureshighlights

modernartistsandhisinfluenceonthefromtheartisfswork,whichcontinuestoinfluence

formalizationofarthistoryinhiscountry.quiteafewphotographerstoday.

22.WhatdidSheilaMetznerandAlfredoBoultonhaveincommon?

A.Theyshapedartisticexpression.

B.Theyexploredculturaldiversity.

C.TheyphotographedAmericanlife.

D.Theyfocusedonmodernphotography.

22.WhatisEugeneAtgefsphotographymainlyabout?

A.Frenchfashions.B.Naturallandscapes.

C.Architecturaldesigns.D.Urbanstreetscenes.

23.Whichexhibitionissuitableforwhoeverstudieswordsandimages?

A.WilliamBlake:Visionary.

B.SheilaMetzner:FromLife.

C.AIfredoBoulton:LookingatVenezuela（1928-1978）.

D.EugeneAtget:HighlightsfromtheMary&DanSolomonCollection.

【答案】21.A22.D23.A

【导语】本文是应用文。介绍四个艺术展。

21.细节理解题。根据SheilaMetzner:FromLife表格中的"Heruniquestyleintegratesaspectsof

PictorialismandModernismtocreateanaesthetic（美感）,whichnotonlystandsoutinthehistoryof

photographybutalsobecomesverycloselyassociatedwiththebestof1980*8fashion,beautyand

decorativeartstrends.（她独特的风格融合了绘画主义和现代主义，创造了一种美学，不仅在摄影史上

脱颖而出，而且与20世纪80年代的时尚、美容和装饰艺术趋势密切相关）”以及AlfredoBoulton:

LookingatVenezuela表格中的“Throughhislargecollectionofworks,Boultongeneratedanewcultural

definitionofVenezuela.ThisexhibitionexploresBoulton'swonderfulphotography,hisrelationshipswith

modernartistsandhisinfluenceontheformalizationofarthistoryinhiscountry.（通过他的大量作品收

藏，Boulton为委内瑞拉创造了一种新的文化定义。这次展览探讨了Boulton的精彩摄影，他与现代

艺术家的关系，以及他对他的国家艺术史形式化的影响）”可知，SheilaMetzner和AlfredoBoulton的

共同之处是他们塑造了艺术表达。故选A项。

22.细节理解题。根据EugeneAtget:HighlightsfromtheMary表格中的"Walkingatdawnwithhis

heavycamera,hephotographedthesoulofParisanditssurroundingareasbyfocusingonitsoldalleyways,

shopfronts,architecturaldetails,staircasesandstreetsellers.（黎明时分，他带着沉重的相机走在路上，

通过关注古老的小巷、店面、建筑细节、楼梯和街头小贩，他拍摄了巴黎及其周边地区的灵魂）”可

知，EugBneAtget的摄影作品主要是关于城市街景。故选D项。

23.细节理解题。根据WilliamBlake:Visionary.表格中的“Aremarkableprintmaker,painter,andpoet,

WilliamBlake（1757-1827）developedaverywildlyunconventionalworldview.Bycombininghispoetry

andimagesonthepagethroughuniquedrawingtechniques,BlakecreatedsomeofBritisharfsmost

strikingandlastingimagery.（WilliamBlake（1757-1827）是一位杰出的版画家、画家和诗人，他形成了

一种非常不寻常的世界观。通过独特的绘画技巧将他的诗歌和图像结合在页面上，布莱克创造了一

些英国艺术中最引人注目和最持久的图像）“可知，WilliamBlake:Visionary适合研究文字和图像的

人。故选A项。

B

JoseAlbertoCutierrea'slifewouldneverbethesameagainafterfindingacopyofAnnaKareninaby

LeoTolstoyinthegarbage20yearsago.Ithappenedwhilehewasdrivinghisgarbagetruckthrough

wealthierneighborhoodsatnightandseeingdesertedbooks.Itsparkedhisdesiretostartrescuingbooks

fromthegarbage.Hetookhomebetween50and60bookseverymorningafterhisnine-hour

shift.Eventually,heturnedhisbookcollectionintoacommunitylibrary.

Colombia'scapitalcityofBogotahas13millionresidentsand19publiclibraries.However,these

librariestendtobefarawayfromwhereruralandpoorercommunitieslive.Theoptionofbuyingnew

booksisnon-existentforfamiliesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Havingaccesstoalibraryofbooksand

beingtakenawaytoanotherworldwhileimmersedinabookisaluxuryforthekidswhovisitGutierrez's

library.

Gutierrezgrewuppoor,andhisfamilycouldnotaffordtoeducatehimbeyondprimary

school.Nevertheless,hismotherwasakeenreaderandreadstoriestohimeverynight.Herloveforbooks

leftadeepimpressiononGutierrez,whoneverletalackofformaleducationstophimfromreading

classicsbythelikesofVictorHugo,MarioVargasLlosaandGabrielGarciaMarquez.

Today,hiscommunitylibrary,called“TheStrengthofWords”,occupiesmostofhishomeandispiled

fromfloortoceilingwithfictionandnon-fictiontitles.Everythingfromschooltextbookstostorybooks

canbefoundinhiscollectionofmorethan20,000books!

TheStrengthofWordslibraryopenseveryweekend.Itisnotjustschool-goingchildrenwhoare

enjoyingthebenefitsofTheStrengthofWordslibrary.Adultsarealsowelcometoexpandtheirhorizons

anddevelopnewskillstobuildabetterlifeforthemselves.

Despitehavingdonesomuchforhiscommunity,Gutierrezisnotyetcontenttocallitaday.He

continuestosearchthroughbinsforreadingmaterialandhaseventravelledtobookfairsinMexicoand

Chiletosellhisideaofbuildinglibraryfromunwantedbooks.

24.WhatisGutierrez'ssourceofinspirationtobuildacommunitylibrary?

A.Abookinthetrash.

B.Themiserablechildhood.

C.Thedesiretocollectbooks.

D.Ajourneythroughwealthierneighborhoods.

25.WhatcanwelearnaboutGutierrez'smother?

A.Shewasbornintoapoorfamily.B.SheinfluencedGutierrezgreatly.

C.SheboughtGutierrezmanybooks.D.SheenjoyedreadingHugo9sworks.

26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGutierrez?

A.Generousandbrave.B.Ambitiousandcurious.

C.Determinedandsympathetic.D.Creativeandproductive.

27.WhatcanbelearnedfromGutierrez'sstory?

A.Thepowerofloveisinfinite.

B.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

C.Turntrashintotreasuretohelpothers.

D.Booksaretheladderofhumanprogress.

【答案】24.A25.B26.C27.C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了哥伦比亚环卫工人古铁雷斯将富人区被丢弃的书籍带回家，

把自己的家变成了一个面向社区开放的图书馆，为低收入家庭的孩子提供阅读的机会的故事。

24.细节理解题。根据第一段“JoseAlbertoCutierrez'slifewouldneverbethesameagainafterfindinga

copyofAnnaKareninabyLeoTolstoyinthegarbage20yearsago.Ithappenedwhilehewasdrivinghis

garbagetruckthroughwealthierneighborhoodsatnightandseeingdesertedbooks.Itsparkedhisdesireto

startrescuingbooksfromthegarbage.Hetookhomebetween50and60bookseverymorningafterhis

nine-hourshift.Eventually,heturnedhisbookcollectionintoacommunitylibrary."（20年前，彳可塞•阿

尔贝托•古铁雷斯在垃圾堆里找到了一本列夫•托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》，从此他的生活再也不

一样了。这件事发生在他晚上开着垃圾车经过富裕社区时，看到了被遗弃的书。这激发了他开始从

垃圾中拯救书籍的愿望。在9小时的轮班后，他每天早上带回家50到60本书。最后，他把自己的

藏书变成了一个社区图书馆。）可知，古铁雷斯建造社区图书馆的灵感来源垃圾桶里的一本书。故选

A项。

25.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nevertheless,hismotherwasakeenreaderandreadstoriestohimevery

night.HerloveforbooksleftadeepimpressiononGutierrez,whoneverletalackofformaleducation

stophimfromreadingclassicsbythelikesofVictorHugo,MarioVargasLlosaandGabrielGarcia

Marquez."（然而，他的母亲是一个热心的读者，每天晚上读故事给他听。她对书籍的热爱给古铁雷

斯留下了深刻的印象，他从不让缺乏正规教育阻止他阅读维克多•雨果、马里奥•巴尔加斯・略萨和加

布里埃尔•加西亚•马尔克斯等人的经典作品。）可推知，古铁雷斯的母亲对书的热爱极大地影响了他。

故选B项。

26.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Despitehavingdonesomuchforhiscommunity,Gutierrezisnotyet

contenttocallitaday.Hecontinuestosearchthroughbinsforreadingmaterialandhaseventravelledto

bookfairsinMexicoandChiletosellhisideaofbuildinglibraryfromunwantedbooks.^^（尽管为他的社

区做了这么多，古铁雷斯还不满足于结束一天的工作。他继续在垃圾箱里寻找阅读材料，甚至前往

墨西哥和智利的书展，推销他用废弃书籍建造图书馆的想法。）可知，古铁雷斯是坚定的。以及第二

段中“Theoptionofbuyingnewbooksisnon-existentforfamiliesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Having

accesstoalibraryofbooksandbeingtakenawaytoanotherworldwhileimmersedinabookisaluxury

forthekidswhovisitGutierrez'slibrary.”（对于入不敷出的家庭来说，购买新书的选择是不存在的。

对于参观古铁雷斯图书馆的孩子们来说，能够进入图书馆，沉浸在书中，被带到另一个世界是一种

奢侈。）可知，古铁雷斯是有同情心的，为那些贫穷家庭的孩子建立“图书馆”。由此可知，古铁雷斯

是坚定而富有同情心的。故选C项。

27.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ithappenedwhilehewasdrivinghisgarbagetruckthroughwealthier

neighborhoodsatnightandseeingdesertedbooks.Itsparkedhisdesiretostartrescuingbooksfromthe

garbage.Hetookhomebetween50and60bookseverymorningafterhisnine-hourshift.Eventually,he

turnedhisbookcollectionintoacommunitylibrary.（这件事发生在他晚上开着垃圾车经过富裕社区

时，看到了被遗弃的书。这激发了他开始从垃圾中拯救书籍的愿望。在9小时的轮班后，他每天早

上带回家50到60本书。最后，他把自己的藏书变成了一个社区图书馆。）”以及文章大意可知，因

为古铁雷斯的善举，使得原本被丢弃的书籍再次发挥它们的作用，成为了家庭贫困孩子的宝贵财富。

由此可推知，我们能从古铁雷斯的故事中明白变废为宝，帮助他人这个道理。故选C项。

C

ScientistshavedevelopedabloodtesttodiagnoseAlzheimer'sdiseasewithouttheneedforexpensive

brainimagingorapainfullumbarpuncture,whereasampleofcerebrospinal（月囱脊髓的）fluid（CSF）is

drawnfromthelowerback.

Currentguidelinesrecommenddetectionofthreedistinctmarkers:abnormalaccumulationsofamyloid

（淀粉样蛋白）andtauproteins,aswellasneurodegeneration-theslowandprogressivelossofneuronal

cells（神经元细胞）inspecifiedregionsofthebrain.Thiscanbedonethroughacombinationofbrain

imagingandCSFanalysis.However,alumbarpuncturecanbepainfulandpeoplemayexperience

headachesorbackpainaftertheprocedure,whilebrainimagingisexpensiveandtakesalongtimeto

schedule.ThomasKaHkariattheUniversityofPittsburgh,whowasinvolvedinthestudy,said/Alotof

patients,evenintheUS,don'thaveaccesstoMRIandPETscanners.Accessibilityisamajorissue.

Thedevelopmentofareliablebloodtestwouldbeanimportantstepforwards."Abloodtestischeaper,

saferandeasiertoconduct,anditcanimproveclinicalconfidenceindiagnosingAlzheimer'sandselecting

participantsforclinicaltrialanddiseasemonitoring,Karikarisaid.

Althoughcurrentbloodtestscanaccuratelydetectabnormalitiesinamyloidandtauproteins,detecting

markersofnervecelldamagethatarespecifictothebrainhasbeenharder.Karikariandhiscolleagues

aroundtheworldfocusedondevelopinganantibody-basedbloodtestthatwoulddetectaparticularformof

tauproteincalledbrain-derivedtau,whichisspecifictoAlzheimer'sdisease.

Theytesteditin600patientsatvariousstagesofAlzheimer'sandfoundthatlevelsoftheprotein

correlatedwellwithlevelsoftauintheCSF,andcouldreliablydistinguishAlzheimer'sfromother

neurodegenerativediseases.

Thenextstepwillbetovalidatethetestinabroaderrangeofpatients,includingthosefromvariedracial

backgrounds,andthosesufferingfromdifferentstagesofmemorylossorotherpotentialdementia

symptoms.

28.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkaboutconcerningthecurrentdetectionmethod?

A.ItsreliabilityB.Itsimportance

C.Itscomplexity.D.Itsdisadvantages

29.WhatisthebreakthroughmadebyKarikariandhiscolleagues?

A.Theycreatedabloodtesttodetectbrain-derivedtau.

B.TheydevelopedamedicinetocureAlzheimer,sdisease.

C.TheyfoundawaytosafelydrawCSFfrompatients5back.

D.TheydiscoveredproteintohelpdiagnoseAlzheimer9sdisease.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validate“inparagraph6mostprobablymean?

A.Invent.B.ConfirmC.Forecast.D.Prohibit.

31.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofAlzheimer5sdisease.

B.ToquestionacommonviewaboutAlzheimer'sdisease.

C.TointroduceanapproachtodetectingAlzheimer'sdisease.

D.ToprovideevidenceforthesymptomsofAlzheimer'sdisease.

【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家们开发出一种可诊断阿尔茨海默病的新型血液检测，

无需进行昂贵的脑部影像检查或痛苦的腰椎穿刺。

28.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Currentguidelinesrecommenddetectionofthreedistinctmarkers:

abnormalaccumulationsofamyloid（淀粉样蛋白）andtauproteins,aswellasneurodegeneration一the

slowandprogressivelossofneuronalcells（神经元细胞）inspecifiedregionsofthebrain.Thiscanbe

donethroughacombinationofbrainimagingandCSFanalysis.However,alumbarpuncturecanbe

painfulandpeoplemayexperienceheadachesorbackpainaftertheprocedure,whilebrainimagingis

expensiveandtakesalongtimetoschedule.（目前的指南建议检测三种不同的标志物:淀粉样蛋白和tau

蛋白的异常积累，以及神经变性——大脑特定区域的神经细胞缓慢而渐进的损失。这可以通过脑成

像和脑脊液分析相结合来完成。然而，腰椎穿刺可能会很痛，手术后人们可能会头痛或背痛，而脑

部成像价格昂贵，需要很长时间来安排。）”可知，第二段主要讲述了目前的检测方法的缺点。故选

Do

29.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thedevelopmentofareliablebloodtestwouldbeanimportantstep

forwards."Abloodtestischeaper,saferandeasiertoconduct,anditcanimproveclinicalconfidencein

diagnosingAlzheimer'sandselectingparticipantsforclinicaltrialanddiseasemonitoring,9,Karikari

said.（可靠的血液检测的发展将是向前迈出的重要一步。卡里卡里说：“血液检查更便宜、更安全、

更容易进行，它可以提高诊断阿尔茨海默氏症的临床信心，并可以为临床试验和疾病监测选择参与

者。根据第四段“Althoughcurrentbloodtestscanaccuratelydetectabnormalitiesinamyloidandtau

proteins,detectingmarkersofnervecelldamagethatarespecifictothebrainhasbeenharder.^^（尽管目前

的血液测试可以准确地检测出淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白的异常，但检测出大脑特有的神经细胞损伤标

志物却变得更加困难。）可知，他们发明了一种血液检测方法来检测脑源性tau蛋白。故选A。

30.词句猜测题。根据下文“includingthosefromvariedracialbackgrounds,andthosesufferingfrom

differentstagesofmemorylossorotherpotentialdementiasymptoms.（包括那些来自不同种族背景的

人，以及那些患有不同阶段记忆丧失或其他潜在痴呆症状的人。厂可知，下一步将是在更大范围的

患者中验证该测试。validate意为“证实”，与B项：Confirm意思接近。故选B。

31.推理判断题。根据文章第——段"ScientistshavedevelopedabloodtesttodiagnoseAlzheimer'sdisease

withouttheneedforexpensivebrainimagingorapainfullumbarpuncture,whereasampleof

cerebrospinalfluid（CSF）isdrawnfromthelowerback.（科学家已经开发出一种血液测试来诊断阿尔

茨海默病，而不需要昂贵的脑成像或痛苦的腰椎穿刺，即从下背部抽取脑脊液（CSF）样本。户可知，

文章的主要目的是为了介绍一种检测阿尔茨海默病的方法。故选Co

D

Driverlesstaxicabshavebeenswarming（蜂拥）inthestreetsinSanFrancisco,PhoenixandAustinfor

months,andthey'remostlikelydrivingthemselvessoontoyourcity.Onefreaked-outpassengerhas

documentedhisexperienceonTikTok,“Iwasstartledbytheemptyfrontseatsduringaridetoacoffee

shop!”

ThecommentoftheanxiousTikTokerremindshistorianVictorMcFarlandofwhatitwaslikewhen

carsfirsthitAmericanstreetsaroundahundredyearsago.Thepedestriansyelled“Getahorse^^to

motoristsinthe1910s.ButMcFarland,whoteachesattheUniversityofMissouri,saysthenewbeasts

knownasautomobilesweremorethreateningandunfamiliartopeopleacenturyagothandriverlesscars

aretousnow."Automobileswerefrighteningtoalotofpeopleatfirst,hesays."Theearlyautomobiles

werenoisy,dangerous,hadnoseatbeltsandranoverpedestrians.

Somepeoplealsofeltthreatenedbythefreedomandindependencenewlyavailabletoentireclasses

ofpeople,saysSajeMathieu,ahistoryprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesota.Theyincludedblack

peoplewhosemovementswererestrictedbyJimCrowLaws（种族歧视法）.Carsletthemmoreeasily

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