2024届高考英语（新高考）压轴真题专项练习-阅读理解CD篇（科技创新发明类）附答案

2024届高考英语（新高考通用）压轴真题专项练习——阅读理解CD篇（科技创新发明类）命题预测分析近几年高考阅读理解C、D篇可知，高考命题中科普说明文一直都是以压轴题的形式存在，着重考查考生对于语篇的理解能力以及信息处理能力。题材多样，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站。内容涉及科技创新发明、人工智能类、医疗健身健康类、社会与文化研究报告、观念事理类、环境与保护类、动植物研究等多种领域，具有较强的思想性、趣味性、实际功用性和较强的时代感。从近年全国卷和各地高考试卷中科普类阅读命题的统计来看，高考阅读理解科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、生词多、句式结构复杂。六种命题类型都有所体现。命题尊重语篇的文体特征和行文特点，考查了考生理解说明文语篇的能力，以及灵活运用各种阅读策略提取、归纳所读信息的能力，尤其加大了对概括能力和推断能力等高阶思维能力的考查。预测2024年高考对于科普说明文的考查仍然是重点。高频考法推理判断题标题归纳题细节理解题词义猜测题说明文基本规律及解题要领高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。说明文一般采用如下四部分：首段：一般即是文章的主题段，开门见山点明新发明或研究对象。背景:交代问题的现状或研究的起因。主干:部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究对象、研究方法、研究理论或具体的实验、统计等过程。结尾:通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、预计的市场未来等与主题呼应。二、说明文的解题技巧1.运用语篇结构（textstructure），了解文章大意科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。科技创新发明类文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。结构上一般采用上述四个部分，说明手法上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法、问题与对策法。实验研究型文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。2.定位标志词，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个标志词或者中心句。根据题干要求，用查读法快速定位到相关段落。再利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如列数据、举例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，一些出现在术语、抽象概念、长难句前后的同义词、近义词等，都是用以理解文章的语境线索。通过这些对长句进行层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。关注某人说到或推断观点态度题某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。4.关注转折关系的逻辑词说明文中常会出现表示转折意义的词，如however,but,yet,while等。这些词后面才是作者真正想表达的意思，常常会在此处命题。5.熟悉选项设置规律，关注细节正确选项：文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。干扰项：“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。01科技创新发明类1.（2024·河北·二模）There’replentyoffreshfruitsandvegetablesavailableinlocalmarkets.Butwhilethoseredjuicystrawberrieslookfresh,consumershavenowayofknowinghowlongthefruitcanbestoredathome.Thesamegoesfordistributioncentersandsupermarkets.Now,thefoodtechnologystartupOneThird,locatedintheNetherlands,islookingtochangethatwithaninfrared(红外线)scannerthatcanaccuratelypredicthowlongfreshfruitsandvegetableswilllast.ThestartupisnamedOneThirdbecauseone-thirdoffoodiswastedduetospoilage(变质)everyyear.Thestartup’sfounderswereinspiredbyaUKcompanythatusesthistypeoftechnologyinthemedicalfieldanddecidedtoseeifitwasapplicableforfood.“Ilookedatthechallengesinthefood-supplychainandfoundoutthat40percentoffoodwasteisfreshproduce.Oneofthebiggestcausesofwasteisthatnobodyknowsshelflife.”founderandCEOofOneThird,MarcoSnikkerssaid.Qualityinspectionsatfarmsanddistributioncentersaredonemanually(手动地).Aninspectorchecksthefruitsandvegetablesandmakesnotesaboutthesizeandquality.Thenthefoodissenttoconsumerswithoutconsideringtraveltimeorhowlongtheproducewillremainusable.Usingtheinfraredscanneratthedistributioncentermeansthatinspectorscanusetheinformationtoapproveshipmentsthatwillensuretheproducecanbedistributedonatimelybasis.Thismeansthatashipmentofripetomatoeswillnotbesentlongdistancesaway.OneThird’sscannercombinesthetechnologyofopticalscanners,imagemodeling,andArtificialIntelligencetoprovideaccurateshelf-lifepredictions.Thestartupfoundthatthetechnologycanreduceupto25percentproducewastethatwascausedbyspoilage.“Globalfoodwastehasanenormousenvironmentalimpact;reducingglobalfoodwastecutsglobalgreenhousegasemissionsandpromotesglobalfoodsecurity,”saidJacobSmith,aclimateexpertfromtheUniversityofMaine.1．WhatproblemdoesOneThirdaimtosolve?A．Thehighcostofstoringfreshfruitsandvegetables.B．Inefficientqualityinspectionsatdistributioncenters.C．Foodwastecausedbyuncertaintyaboutitsshelflife.D．Consumers’difficultyjudgingthefreshnessofproduce.2．WhatinspiredOneThirdtocomeupwiththeideaofusinginfraredscanner?A．Theuseofthedeviceinanotherfield. B．Observationofthefood-supplychain.C．Consumerdemandsforfresherproduce. D．Experts’adviceonfoodwastereduction.3．Whatcanwelearnaboutthemanualqualityinspections?A．Theyaretime-consumingandcostly. B．Theyarenotperformedataregulartime.C．Theinspectorstendtomakewrongjudgement. D．Theshippingtimeisnottakenintoconsideration.4．What’sJacob’sattitudetoOneThird’seffort?A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Tolerant. D．Dismissive.【正确答案】1．C2．A3．D4．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食品科技初创公司OneThird通过红外扫描仪准确预测新鲜水果和蔬菜的保质期。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Now,thefoodtechnologystartupOneThird,locatedintheNetherlands,islookingtochangethatwithaninfrared(红外线)scannerthatcanaccuratelypredicthowlongfreshfruitsandvegetableswilllast.ThestartupisnamedOneThirdbecauseone-thirdoffoodiswastedduetospoilage(变质)everyyear.(现在，位于荷兰的食品科技初创公司OneThird正试图改变这一现状，他们发明了一种红外扫描仪，可以准确预测新鲜水果和蔬菜的保质期。这家初创公司之所以被命名为OneThird，是因为每年有三分之一的食物因变质而被浪费)”可知，OneThird旨在解决由于不确定食物的保质期而造成的食物浪费。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thestartup’sfounderswereinspiredbyaUKcompanythatusesthistypeoftechnologyinthemedicalfieldanddecidedtoseeifitwasapplicableforfood.(这家初创公司的创始人受到一家英国公司的启发，该公司在医疗领域使用这种技术，并决定看看它是否适用于食品)”可知，设备在其他领域的使用激发了OneThird使用红外扫描仪的想法。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thenthefoodissenttoconsumerswithoutconsideringtraveltimeorhowlongtheproducewillremainusable.(然后，食品被送到消费者手中，而不考虑运输时间或产品的可用性)”可知，人工质量检验中，运输时间没有考虑在内。故选D。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Globalfoodwastehasanenormousenvironmentalimpact;reducingglobalfoodwastecutsglobalgreenhousegasemissionsandpromotesglobalfoodsecurity,”saidJacobSmith,aclimateexpertfromtheUniversityofMaine.(“全球食物浪费对环境有巨大影响;减少全球食物浪费可以减少全球温室气体排放，促进全球粮食安全，”缅因大学气候专家雅各布·史密斯说)”可知，雅各布对OneThird的努力持支持态度。故选A。2.（2024·山东枣庄·二模）Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversationwithSiriorAlexa,you’velikelyencounteredachatbotonline.Theyoftenappearinachatwindowthatpopsupwithafriendlygreeting:Thankyouforvisitingoursite.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?Dependingonthesite,thechatbotisprogrammedtorespondaccordinglyandevenaskfollow-upquestions.ChatbotsareaformofconversationalAIdesignedtosimplifyhumaninteractionwithcomputers.Theyareprogrammedtosimulatehumanconversationandexhibitintelligentbehaviorthatisequivalenttothatofahuman.Chatbotscommunicatethroughspeechortext.Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),whichisabranchofartificialintelligencethatteachesmachinestoread,analyzeandinterprethumanlanguage.Thistechnologygiveschatbotsabaselineforunderstandinglanguagestructureandmeaning.NLP,inessence,allowsthecomputertounderstandwhatyouareaskingandhowtoappropriatelyrespond.Withdevelopmentsindeeplearningandreinforcementlearning,chatbotscaninterpretmorecomplexitiesinlanguageandimprovethedynamicnatureofconversationbetweenhumanandmachine.Essentially,achatbottriestomatchwhatyou’veaskedtoanintentthatitunderstands.Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.Yourpositiveresponsesreinforceitsanswers,andthenitusesthoseanswersagain.Fromcustomerservicechatbotsonlinetopersonalassistantsinourhomes,chatbotshavestartedtoenterourlives.Inalmosteveryindustry,companiesareusingchatbotstohelpcustomerseasilynavigatetheirwebsites,answersimplequestionsanddirectpeopletotherelevantpointsofcontact.PersonalassistantslikeSiriandAlexaaredesignedtorespondtoawiderangeofscenariosandqueries,fromcurrentweatherandnewsupdatestopersonalcalendars,musicselectionsandrandomquestions.5．WhydoestheauthormentionSiriandAlexainParagraph1?A．Toexplainhowachatbotworks. B．Toshowwheretofindachatbot.C．Togiveexamplesofchatbots. D．Tocomparedifferentchatbots.6．Whatisthebasisofchatbots?A．Languagestudy. B．Datatransmission.C．Socialinteraction. D．Naturallanguageprocessing.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reinforce”inparagraph4mean?A．Inspire. B．Strengthen. C．Organize. D．Match.8．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thefuturetrendofchatbots. B．Theauthor’spredictions.C．Theeffectsofchatbots. D．Theapplicationsofchatbots.【正确答案】5．C6．D7．B8．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了聊天机器人的工作原理和应用。5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversationwithSiriorAlexa,you’velikelyencounteredachatbotonline.Theyoftenappearinachatwindowthatpopsupwithafriendlygreeting:Thankyouforvisitingoursite.”（即使你没有和Siri或Alexa进行过对话，你也可能在网上遇到过聊天机器人。它们经常出现在聊天窗口中，并弹出友好的问候：感谢您访问我们的网站）可知，为什么作者在第一段提到了Siri和Alexa是给出聊天机器人的例子。故选C项。6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP)”（两者都依赖于机器学习和自然语言处理(NLP)等人工智能技术。）可知，聊天机器人的基础是是自然语言处理。故选D项。7．词句猜测题。根据上文“Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.”（聊天机器人和你交流得越多，它就越能理解你，也就越能学会像你和其他有类似问题的人一样交流）以及下文“thenitusesthoseanswersagain.”（然后它会再次使用这些答案。）可知，“Yourpositiveresponses reinforce itsanswers”表达的意思是“你的积极回应强化了它的答案”，划线词reinforce与Strengthen“巩固，强化”意思一致。故选B项。8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Fromcustomerservicechatbotsonlinetopersonalassistantsinourhomes,chatbotshavestartedtoenterourlives.Inalmosteveryindustry,companiesareusingchatbotstohelpcustomerseasilynavigatetheirwebsites,answersimplequestionsanddirectpeopletotherelevantpointsofcontact.PersonalassistantslikeSiriandAlexaaredesignedtorespondtoawiderangeofscenariosandqueries,fromcurrentweatherandnewsupdatestopersonalcalendars,musicselectionsandrandomquestions.”（从在线客服聊天机器人到家庭私人助理，聊天机器人已经开始进入我们的生活。几乎在每个行业，公司都在使用聊天机器人来帮助客户轻松浏览网站，回答简单的问题，并将人们引导到相关的联络点。Siri和Alexa等个人助理的设计目的是响应各种场景和查询，从当前天气和新闻更新到个人日历、音乐选择和随机问题）可知，最后一段主要是关于聊天机器人的应用。故选D项。3.（2024·江苏南京·二模）Sincethelasticeage,humanshaveclearednearlyhalfoftheearth’sforestsandgrasslandsforagriculture.Withtheworldpopulationexpanding,there’sever-increasingpressureonfarmlandtoproducenotonlymorefoodbutalsocleanenergy.InplacessuchasYakimaCounty,Washington,it’screatedcompetitionforceasland-hungrysolarpanels(板)consumeavailablefields.Lastmonth,thestateapprovedplanstocover1,700acresofagriculturallandwithsolarpanels,fuelingconcernsoverthelong-termimpactsoflosingcropland.ArecentstudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,however,showshowfarmersmaysoonharvestcropsandenergytogether.Oneresearcher,MajdiAbouNajm,explainsthatvisiblelightspectrum(光谱)canbeseparatedintoblueandredlightwaves,andtheirphotons(光子)havedifferentproperties.Blueoneshavehigherenergythanredones.Whilethatgivesbluelightwhatisneededtogeneratepower,italsoresultsinhighertemperatures.“Fromaplantangle,redphotonsaretheefficientones,”saysAbouNajm.“Theydon’tmaketheplantfeelhot.”Agoalofthestudyistocreateanewgenerationofsolarpanels.Heseespotentialintheorganicsolarcells,whichcomefromcarbon-basedmaterials.Thinandtranrent,thecellsareappliedlikeafilmontovarioussurfaces.Thisnewtechnologycouldbeusedtodevelopspecialsolarpanelsthatblockbluelighttogeneratepower,whilepassingtheredlightontocropsplanteddirectlybelow.Thesepanelscouldalsoprovideshadeforheat-sensitivefruitsduringthehottestpartoftheday.By2050,we’llhavetwobillionmorepeople,andwe’llneedmorefoodandmoreenergy.Bymaximizingthesolarspectrum,“we’remakingfulluseofanendlesslysustainableresource,”saysAbouNajm.“Ifatechnologykicksinthatcandevelopthesepanels,thentheskyisthelimitonhowefficientwecanbe.”9．Whatproblemdoesthefirstparagraphfocuson?A．Losingcroplandtosolarpanels.B．Distributionoftheworldpopulation.C．Reductioninforestsandgrasslands.D．Competingforlandbetweenfarmers.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Generationofsolarpower.B．Hotweatherincreasingefficiency.C．Bluephotonshavinghigherenergy.D．Separationofvisiblelightspectrum.11．Whatdoweknowabouttheorganicsolarcells?A．Theymakefruitsheat-sensitive.B．Theycancooldowninhotdays,C．Theyallowredlighttopassthrough.D．Theycanstorecarbon-basedmaterials.12．WhatdoesAbouNajmthinkofthefutureofthenewsolarpanels?A．Limited. B．Promising.C．Uncertain. D．Challenging.【正确答案】9．A10．C11．C12．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项研究表明，可以通过开发新一代太阳能电池板来收获红色和蓝色的光波，分别满足农业和发电的需要，最大限度地利用太阳能。9．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Withtheworldpopulationexpanding,there’sever-increasingpressureonfarmlandtoproducenotonlymorefoodbutalsocleanenergy.InplacessuchasYakimaCounty,Washington,it’screatedcompetitionforceasland-hungrysolarpanels(板)consumeavailablefields.Lastmonth,thestateapprovedplanstocover1,700acresofagriculturallandwithsolarpanels,fuelingconcernsoverthelong-termimpactsoflosingcropland.(随着世界人口的增长，农田不仅要生产更多的粮食，还要生产清洁能源，农田的压力越来越大。在华盛顿州亚基马县等地，由于需要土地的太阳能电池板消耗了可用的田地，这就造成了空间竞争。上个月，该州批准了用太阳能电池板覆盖1700英亩农田的计划，这加剧了人们对失去农田的长期影响的担忧。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了太阳能电池板占据农田，导致农田空间减少。故选A。10．代词指代题。that为指示代词，常用来指代上文提到的事物。根据画线词前一句“Blueoneshavehigherenergythanredones.(蓝色的光子比红色的光子能量高。)”可知，that指代的是蓝色光子有更高的能量，更高的能量给予了产生电所需的蓝光。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thisnewtechnologycouldbeusedtodevelopspecialsolarpanelsthatblockbluelighttogeneratepower,whilepassingtheredlightontocropsplanteddirectlybelow.(这项新技术可以用于开发特殊的太阳能电池板，该电池板可以阻挡蓝光发电，同时让红光传给正下方种植的作物。)”可知，这种有机太阳能电池板能够阻挡蓝光，让红光通过。故选C。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Bymaximizingthesolarspectrum,‘we’remakingfulluseofanendlesslysustainableresource,’saysAbouNajm.‘Ifatechnologykicksinthatcandevelopthesepanels,thentheskyisthelimitonhowefficientwecanbe.’(AbouNajm说，通过最大限度地利用太阳能光谱，‘我们正在充分利用无尽的可持续资源。’‘如能够开发出这些面板的果一项技术生效，那么我们的效率就是无限的。’)”可知，AbouNajm认为有机太阳能电池板能够最大限度地利用无尽的太阳能资源，让人类的效率变得无限，由此可推测出，他认为有机太阳能电池板非常有前景。故选B。4.（2024·山东·一模）Withthehelpfromanartificiallanguage(AL)model,MITneuroscientistshavediscoveredwhatkindofsentencesaremostlikelytofireupthebrain’skeylanguageprocessingcenters.Thenewstudyrevealsthatsentencesthataremorecomplex,becauseofeitherunusualgrammarorunexpectedmeaning,generatestrongerresponsesintheselanguageprocessingcenters.Sentencesthatareverystraightforwardbarelyengagetheseregions,andmeaninglessordersofwordsdon’tdomuchforthemeither.Inthisstudy,theresearchersfocusedonlanguage-processingregionsfoundinthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebrain.Bycollectingasetof1,000sentencesfromvarioussources,theresearchersmeasuredthebrainactivityofparticipantsusingfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)whiletheyreadthesentences.Thesamesentenceswerealsofedintoalargelanguagemodel,similartoChatGPT,tomeasurethemodel’sactivationpatterns.Oncetheresearchershadallofthosedata,theytrainedthemodeltopredicthowthehumanlanguagenetworkwouldrespondtoanynewsentencebasedonhowtheartificiallanguagenetworkrespondedtothese1,000sentences.Theresearchersthenusedthemodeltodetermine500newsentencesthatwoulddrivehighestbrainactivityandsentencesthatwouldmakethebrainlessactive,andtheirfindingswereconfirmedinsubsequenthumanparticipants.Tounderstandwhycertainsentencesgeneratestrongerbrainresponses,themodelexaminedthesentencesbasedon11differentlanguagecharacteristics.Theanalysisrevealedthatsentencesthatweremoresurprisingresultedingreaterbrainactivity.Anotherlinguistic(语言的)aspectthatcorrelatedwiththebrain’slanguagenetworkresponseswasthecomplexityofthesentences,whichwasdeterminedbyhowwelltheyfollowedEnglishgrammarrulesandbowlogicallytheylinkedwitheachother.TheresearchersnowplantoseeiftheycanextendthesefindingsinspeakersoflanguagesotherthanEnglish.Theyalsohopetoexplorewhattypeofstimulimayactivatelanguageprocessingregionsinthebrain’srighthemisphere.13．Whatsentencesmakeourbrainworkharder?A．Lengthy. B．Logical.C．Straightforward. D．Complicated.14．WhatisthefunctionoftheALmodelintheresearch?A．Toexaminelanguagenetwork. B．Toreducelanguagecomplexity.C．Tolocatelanguageprocessingarea. D．Toidentifylanguagecharacteristics.15．Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?A．Byconductinginterviews. B．Bycollectingquestionnaires.C．Byanalyzingexperimentdata. D．Byreviewingpreviousstudies.16．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ALModelStimulatesBrainActivitiesB．ALModelSpeedsUpLanguageLearningC．ALModelRevealstheSecretsofBrainActivationD．ALModelEnhancesBrainProcessingCapacity【正确答案】13．D14．D15．C16．C【导语】本文是篇新闻报道。这篇文章详细描述了MIT神经科学家利用人工语言模型进行的一项新研究，揭示了哪种类型的句子最有可能激发大脑关键的语言处理中心。13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Withthehelpfromanartificiallanguage(AL)model,MITneuroscientistshavediscoveredwhatkindofsentencesaremostlikelytofireupthebrain’skeylanguageprocessingcenters.Thenewstudyrevealsthatsentencesthataremorecomplex,becauseofeitherunusualgrammarorunexpectedmeaning,generatestrongerresponsesintheselanguageprocessingcenters.(在人工语言(AL)模型的帮助下，麻省理工学院的神经科学家们发现了哪种句子最有可能激活大脑的关键语言处理中心。这项新研究表明，由于语法不同寻常或含义出乎意料，更复杂的句子会在这些语言处理中心产生更强烈的反应)”可知，复杂的句子会让我们的大脑更努力工作。故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据第二段“Thesamesentenceswerealsofedintoalargelanguagemodel,similartoChatGPT,tomeasurethemodel’sactivationpatterns.Oncetheresearchershadallofthosedata,theytrainedthemodeltopredicthowthehumanlanguagenetworkwouldrespondtoanynewsentencebasedonhowtheartificiallanguagenetworkrespondedtothese1,000sentences.(同样的句子也被输入到一个类似于ChatGPT的大型语言模型中，以测量模型的激活模式。一旦研究人员获得了所有这些数据，他们就会训练模型，根据人工语言网络对这1000个句子的反应，来预测人类语言网络对任何新句子的反应)”以及第三段“Theresearchersthenusedthemodeltodetermine500newsentencesthatwoulddrivehighestbrainactivityandsentencesthatwouldmakethebrainlessactive,andtheirfindingswereconfirmedinsubsequenthumanparticipants.Tounderstandwhycertainsentencesgeneratestrongerbrainresponses,themodelexaminedthesentencesbasedon11differentlanguagecharacteristics.(然后，研究人员用这个模型确定了500个能激发大脑最高活动的新句子和能让大脑不那么活跃的句子，他们的发现在随后的人类参与者中得到了证实。为了理解为什么某些句子会产生更强烈的大脑反应，该模型根据11种不同的语言特征检查了这些句子)”可知，人工智能模型在本研究中的作用是识别语言特征。故选D项。15．推理判断题。根据第三段“Theresearchersthenusedthemodeltodetermine500newsentencesthatwoulddrivehighestbrainactivityandsentencesthatwouldmakethebrainlessactive,andtheirfindingswereconfirmedinsubsequenthumanparticipants.Tounderstandwhycertainsentencesgeneratestrongerbrainresponses,themodelexaminedthesentencesbasedon11differentlanguagecharacteristics.Theanalysisrevealedthatsentencesthatweremoresurprisingresultedingreaterbrainactivity.Anotherlinguistic(语言的)aspectthatcorrelatedwiththebrain’slanguagenetworkresponseswasthecomplexityofthesentences,whichwasdeterminedbyhowwelltheyfollowedEnglishgrammarrulesandbowlogicallytheylinkedwitheachother.(然后，研究人员用这个模型确定了500个能激发大脑最高活动的新句子和能让大脑不那么活跃的句子，他们的发现在随后的人类参与者中得到了证实。为了理解为什么某些句子会产生更强烈的大脑反应，该模型根据11种不同的语言特征检查了这些句子。分析显示，更令人惊讶的句子会导致更大的大脑活动。另一个与大脑语言网络反应相关的语言方面是句子的复杂性，这取决于他们遵循英语语法规则的程度以及彼此之间的逻辑联系)”可知，研究人员通过对实验数据的分析来进行他们的研究。故选C项。16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Withthehelpfromanartificiallanguage(AL)model,MITneuroscientistshavediscoveredwhatkindofsentencesaremostlikelytofireupthebrain’skeylanguageprocessingcenters.(在人工语言(AL)模型的帮助下，麻省理工学院的神经科学家们发现了哪种句子最有可能激活大脑的关键语言处理中心)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了MIT神经科学家利用人工语言模型进行的一项新研究，揭示了哪种类型的句子最有可能激发大脑关键的语言处理中心，所以C项“ALModelRevealstheSecretsofBrainActivation(人工智能模型揭示了大脑激活的秘密)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。5.（2024·山东·一模）Cafeteriashavebeenfilledwithchallenges—rightfromplanning,purchasing,andpreparing,toreducingwaste,stayingonbudget,managinggoods,andtrainingstaff.Throughthetediousprocess,restaurateurslackedaunifiedplatformforefficientmanagement.Tobringconsistencytotheunorganisedcatering(餐饮)industry,childhoodfriendsArjunSubramanianandRajJain,whosharedapassionforinnovation,decidedtopartnerin2019toexploreopportunitiesinthecafeteriaindustry.InMay2020,theyco-foundedPlatos,aone-stopsolutionforrestaurantswithacustomtechnologykittostreamlineallaspectsofcafeteriamanagement.Thecompanyoffersend-to-endcafeteriamanagement,staffselectionandfoodtrialstoensuresmoothoperationsandconsistentservice.“WebelievestartupssolverealproblemsandPlatosisourshotatmakingdailyworkplacefoodenjoyableagain.Weaimtosimplifythediningexperience,

providingaconvenientandefficientsolutionthatbenefitsbothrestaurateursandcustomersandcreatingaconnectedecosystem,”saysSubramanian,CEOandco-founder.Platosguaranteesthatatechnology-drivencafeteriaallowscustomerstoorder,pay,pickup,andprovideratingsandfeedback.Italsooffersgoodsandmenumanagementtoeffectivelyperformdailyoperations.Additionally,itsapplicationsconnectallshareholdersforasmartcafeteriaexperience.“Wehelpbusinessesthatareintocateringonconditionthattheyhaveaccesstoanindustrialkitchensetupwherethey’remakingfoodaccordingtocertainstandards,”Jainstates.Sincethebeginning,Platosclaimstohavetransformed45cafeteriasacrosseightcitiesinthecountry.Currently,ithasover45,000monthlyusersplacingmorethan200,000orders.Despitefacingchallengesinlaunchingcafeteriasacrossmajorcitiesintheinitialstages,Platoshasexperienceda15%increaseinitsmonth-over-monthprofits.Asforfutureplans,thestartupislookingtoraise$1millionfrominvestorsasstrategicpartners,bringingincapital,expertise,andnetworks.“Findingtherightleadinvestoristhecompassthatpointsyourstartuptowardsuccess,”Subramaniansays.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”inParagraph1mean?A．Time-consuming. B．Breath-taking.C．Heart-breaking. D．Energy-saving.18．WhatisthepurposeoffoundingPlatos?A．Toconnectcustomerswithagreenerecosystem.B．Toensurefoodsecurityandvarietyincafeterias.C．Toimprovecafeteriamanagementwithtechnology.D．Tomakestaffselectionmoreefficientandenjoyable.19．WhatcanwelearnfromthestatisticsinParagraph4?A．Platoshasachieveditsultimatefinancialgoal.B．Platoshasgainedimpressivemarketingprogress.C．Challengesinfoodindustrycanbeeasilyovercome.D．Tech-drivencafeteriashavecoveredmosturbanareas.20．WhatisSubramanian’sfutureplanforPlatos?A．Toreducecosts. B．Toincreaseprofits.C．Toseekinvestment. D．Toinnovatetechnology.【正确答案】17．A18．C19．B20．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Platos这个创业公司的起源、业务模式、发展历程以及未来规划。17．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Cafeteriashavebeenfilledwithchallenges—rightfromplanning,purchasing,andpreparing,toreducingwaste,stayingonbudget,managinggoods,andtrainingstaff.(自助餐厅充满了挑战——从计划、采购和准备，到减少浪费、保持预算、管理商品和培训员工)”可知，自助餐厅的流程和繁琐。由此推知，划线词tedious是“繁琐的”意思，和A项意思相近。故选A项。18．推理判断题。根据第二段“InMay2020,theyco-foundedPlatos,aone-stopsolutionforrestaurantswithacustomtechnologykittostreamlineallaspectsofcafeteriamanagement.Thecompanyoffersend-to-endcafeteriamanagement,staffselectionandfoodtrialstoensuresmoothoperationsandconsistentservice.“WebelievestartupssolverealproblemsandPlatosisourshotatmakingdailyworkplacefoodenjoyableagain.Weaimtosimplifythediningexperience,

providingaconvenientandefficientsolutionthatbenefitsbothrestaurateursandcustomersandcreatingaconnectedecosystem,”saysSubramanian,CEOandco-founder.(2020年5月，他们共同创立了Platos，这是一个一站式解决方案，为餐厅提供定制技术套件，以简化自助餐厅管理的各个方面。该公司提供端到端的自助餐厅管理、员工选择和食品试验，以确保顺利运营和始终如一的服务。“我们相信创业公司能解决真正的问题，而Platos是我们让日常工作场所的食物再次变得美味的机会。我们的目标是简化用餐体验，提供方便高效的解决方案，使餐馆老板和顾客都受益，并创造一个互联的生态系统，”首席执行官兼联合创始人Subramanian说)”可推知，创立Platos的目的是用科技改善食堂管理。故选C项。19．推理判断题。根据第四段“Sincethebeginning,Platosclaimstohavetransformed45cafeteriasacrosseightcitiesinthecountry.Currently,ithasover45,000monthlyusersplacingmorethan200,000orders.Despitefacingchallengesinlaunchingcafeteriasacrossmajorcitiesintheinitialstages,Platoshasexperienceda15%increaseinitsmonth-over-monthprofits.(从一开始，Platos就声称已经改变了全国8个城市的45家自助餐厅。目前，它的月用户超过4.5万，订单超过20万。尽管在最初阶段在主要城市开设自助餐厅面临挑战，但Platos的月利润环比增长了15%)”可推知，统计数据显示Platos在市场营销方面取得了令人瞩目的进展。故选B项。20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Asforfutureplans,thestartupislookingtoraise$1millionfrominvestorsasstrategicpartners,bringingincapital,expertise,andnetworks.“Findingtherightleadinvestoristhecompassthatpointsyourstartuptowardsuccess,”Subramaniansays.(至于未来的计划，这家初创公司希望从作为战略合作伙伴的投资者那里筹集100万美元，带来资金、专业知识和网络。“找到合适的领投人是指引你的创业公司走向成功的指南针，”萨勃拉曼尼亚说)”可推知，萨勃拉曼尼亚对Platos的未来计划是寻求投资。故选C项。6.（2024·湖北·二模）NeuroengineerSilvestroMiceradevelopsadvancedtechnologicalsolutionstohelppeopleregainsensoryandmotorfunctionsthathavebeenlostduetoinjuryeventsorneurologicaldisorders.Untilnow,hehasneverbeforeworkedonstrengtheningthehumanbodyandcognitionwiththehelpoftechnology.NowinastudypublishedinScienceRobotics,Miceraandhisteamreportonhowdiaphragm(隔膜)movementcanbemonitoredforsuccessfulcontrolofanextraarm,essentiallyaugmentingahealthyindividualwithathird-robotic-arm.Forfurtherexploration,theresearchersfirstbuiltavirtualenvironmenttotestahealthyuser’scapacitytocontrolavirtualarmusingmovementofhisorherdiaphragm.Theyfoundthatdiaphragmcontroldoesnotinterferewithactionslikecontrollingone’sphysiological(生理的)arms,one’sspeechorgaze.Inthisvirtualrealitysetup,theuserisequippedwithabeltthatmeasuresdiaphragmmovement.Wearingavirtualrealityheadset,theuserseesthreearms:therightarmandhand,theleftarmandhand,andathirdarmbetweenthetwowithasymmetric(对称),six-fingeredhand.Inthevirtualenvironment,theuseristhenhintedtoreachoutwitheitherthelefthand,therighthand,orinthemiddlewiththesymmetrichand.Intherealenvironment,theuserholdsontoanexoskeleton(外骨骼)withbotharms,whichallowsforcontrolofthevirtualleftandrightarms.Movementdetectedbythebeltaroundthediaphragmisusedforcontrollingthevirtualmiddle,symmetricarm.Thesetupwastestedon61healthysubjects(受试者)inover150sessions.Previousstudiesregardingthecontrolofroboticarmshavebeenfocusedonhelpingthedisabled.ThelatestScienceRoboticsstudyisastepbeyondrepairingthehumanbodytowardsaugmentation.“Ournextstepistoexploretheuseofmorecomplexroboticd