人教版高中英语选修六第6讲：Unit3-A-healthy-life-语法篇(学生版)

Unit3Ahealthylife-语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________掌握it的用法；理解并巩固it的各种用法并能正确使用；It的用法一、it作人称代词1.it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Xi’anis

a

beautiful

city,isn’t

it?2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Isthisyourdog?No,itisn’t.二、it作非人称代词it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：1.指天气：Itisalovelyday,isn’t

it?Itisabitwindy.2.指时间：Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.3.指环境：Itwasveryquietin

the

café.4.指距离：Itishalfanhour’s

walk

tothecitycentrefrommyhome.5.指日期：--What'sthedatetoday?--It'sMay1,2007.6.指季节：Itissummernow.7.指度量：Itisabout5kilograms.8.指价值：---What'sthecostoftheT-shirt?----Itis150yuan.三、it用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。1.代作主语的动词不定式(1)It+be+adj.+（forsb.）todosth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous…Itisillegal（forateenager）todriveacarwithoutalicense.(2)It+be+adj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词：kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.(3)It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型It'snogood/usedoing…It's（well）worthdoing…It's（well）worthwhiledoing/todoIt'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.2.it作形式主语替代主语从句①It+be+adj.+clauseItisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain…)that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然,真的……）”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.②It+be+v-ed+that…=sb./sth.+be+todoItissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉...）”。Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.③It+be+noun+从句Itisapity/ashame+that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去.表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遗憾！四、it作形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。该句型中的it作形式宾语，常用的动词有think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.我认为和他争吵没有用。IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.我发现学英语非常有趣。Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthissubject.他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。五、用于强调句型中Itis/was

+被强调部分+that/who...Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...Itwasfiveo’clock_________Igothome.Itwasatfiveo’clock_______Igothome.强调句用以强调主语，宾语，介词宾语以及状语。强调人时用that和who／whom皆可Itwasshewho／thathadbeenwrong.Itwasthegirlwhom／thatImetjustnow.ItwasTomtowhomtheteacherhadtalked.ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语“直到……才……”，可以说是not...until...的强调形式。例如:ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.六、It常用的固定搭配1.makeit（1）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.（2）在口语中相当于fixthedatefor，表示“约定好时间”例

—Shallwemeetnextweek？—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.takeit/thingseasy相当于Don‘tworryordon’thurry.用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气”Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.3.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中，相当于ithasn‘tbeendecidedyet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”—Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?—It/Thatalldepends.4.It'suptosb.在口语中，相当于it'sdecidedbysb.表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”—Shallwegooutfordinner?—It'suptoyou.1.(2014·南京一模)When________comestoaninterviewday,we’vegotmanythingsinmind,suchasbeingontimeandgivingproperanswers.A.that B.thisC.it D.one2.(2014·山东济宁一模)Hemade________quiteclearthathewouldn’tchangehismind.A.it B.thisC.himself D.that3.(2014·湖南长沙一中、师大附中六校联考)Hisfavoritefoodisfriedsnacksandsoftdrinks________isnosurprisethatlosingweightisjusthisdream.A.There B.ItC.As D.What4.(2014·福建高中质检)—ShallIattendmyfriend’scoming­of­ageceremony,Mum?—No,unlessyouseeto________thatyouwillbehomebefore10:00pm.A.one B.thisC.it D.her5.(2014·四川省南充市第一次适应性考试)Youlookverybeautifulinthisdressandthereisonlyoneofthiskindlefthere.Iwonderifyouwouldbuy________.A.one B.itC.some D.any基础演练一、单项填空1.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade________difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.A.soB.muchC.thatD.it2.Thedoctorthought________wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it3.Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuy________.A.oneB.itC.thisD.that4.Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswith________extrastress.A.itB.themC.oneD.him5.I’dappreciate________ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.you6.Shethought________agreathonortobeinvitedtospeaktous.A.thatB.thisC.itD.itis7.Is________necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he8.Ihate________whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them9.________isknowntousallthattheearthisround.A.AsB.ItC.WhichD.That10.________ahotday,Idecidetogoforaswim.A.SoB.HowC.ItbeingD.Itis11.Ithasbeenproved________eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.that12.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but________didn’thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it13.________fouryearssinceJohnleftschool.A.TheyhavebeenB.ItisC.ItwasD.Thoseare14.—Whatapity________!Mynewcarwon’tstart.—Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.A.thereisB.thisisC.itisD.thatis15.________thattherewere20personskilledinthetrafficaccident,ababyincluded.A.WhatwasreportedB.WhatreportedC.ItreportedD.Itwasreported巩固提高一、用it改写下面的句子1.Lyinginthesuninwinterispleasant.________________________________________________________________________2.Herhairwasturninggrey.Thatworriedherabit.________________________________________________________________________3.Wearesaidtohavetostopthetask.________________________________________________________________________4.Torememberthisruleisimportant.________________________________________________________________________5.Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.________________________________________________________________________6.Shefoundtoaccustomherchildtogettingupearlyisnecessary.________________________________________________________________________7.Hewasclevertosayso.________________________________________________________________________8.Whenandwheretoholdthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.________________________________________________________________________二、翻译句子1.他居然还活着真是个奇迹。(wonder)________________________________________________________________________2.我们是从太阳那里得到的光和热。(强调句)________________________________________________________________________3.我发现说法语很难。(it作形式宾语)________________________________________________________________________4.走到市中心需要半小时。(take)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.当你用她的电脑时她感到很生气。(hate,it作形式宾语)________________________________________________________________________6.跟他争吵没有用。(good)________________________________________________________________________1.Itwasatthegate____hetoldmethenews.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when2.Is____necessarytotellhisfathereverythingA.itB.thatC.whatD.he3.Wasitinthispalace____thelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which4.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.thatD.it5.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then6.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he7.Idon'tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it 8.Does____matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it9.Itwasnot____shetookoffherdarkglasses____,Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then10.Tom‘smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didn’thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it11.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It12.Is________possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.thatD.it13.Ourfoodandservicearebetterthan________usedtobe.A.itB.weC.theyD.them14.________appearstome________thereportmustbetruth.A.That;itB.It;thatC.It;itD.That;that15.Hefeels________dutytohelpothers.A.thatheB.thathisC.itheD.ithis16.Take________easy.Theroadsareicy.A.itB.themC.usD.you17.TheTVsetsmadeinChinaaremuchbetterthan________inJapan.A.thatB.thoseC.themD.It18.——Haveyoufoundthebikeyoulostyesterday?——Yes,I'vefound________already.A.itB.thatC.theoneD.thatone19.——I'mlookingforaflat.——Wouldyoulike____with____garden?A.it;theB.it;aC.one;aD.one;the20.________was________whoImetinthemuseumthismorning.A.It;himB.It;heC.That;heD.That;him__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、单项填空1.—Whatdoyouthinkofthecomposition?—Anyonecan________thatitwaspoorlywritten.A.guessB.lookC.tellD.speak2.Morethan50nations,accordingtoareport,haveintroducedlawsbanningscientists________humans.A.cloningB.tocloneC.cloneD.fromcloning3.Herisked________soastogettheimportantinformationfromtheenemy.A.arrestingB.beingarrestedC.tobearrestedD.toarrest4.Youshouldquit________.Pleasegetdowntobusiness.A.tocomplainB.complainingC.tobecomplainingD.tohavecomplained5.Theshygirlfelt________whenshecouldnotanswerherteacher’squestions.A.amazedB.awkwardC.curiousD.amused6.Shealwaysdoeswellatschool________havingtodopart­timejobseverynowandthen.A.inspiteofB.incaseofC.onaccountofD.regardlessof7.Smokingtoomuchcancausehealthproblems,soanyheavysmokermayfindhimself________inthelongrun.A.atriskB.inneedC.inreturnD.atease8.Iwonderwhatitfeelslike________inpublic.A.praisingB.topraiseC.tobepraisedD.tobepraising9.Thegreatsuccessofthisprogramhasbeenlargely________thesupportgivenbythe10localbusinessmen.A.becauseB.leadingtoC.thankstoD.dueto10.________tochocolate,shesoonputonweight.A.AddictedB.AddictingC.HavingaddictedD.Toaddict11.—Haveyougotusedtothecountrylifethere?—Yes,butIdon’tlike________whenitcomestoshoppingandamusement.A.thatB.thisC.soD.it12.Ifyouhaveajob,________yourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.A.dodevoteB.don’tdevoteC.devotingD.notdevoting13.Theyoungmanturnedadeafearto________Fathersaid,________annoyedMotherverymuch.A.which;whatB.what;whichC.that;whichD.how;what14.Itisonlywhenyoufeelbitter________youwillrealizethemistakesyouhavemade.A.beforeB.afterC.thatD.when15.—CouldIuseyourcomputerforafewmoments,please?—________.I’mnotusingmyself.A.ComeonB.ItdependsC.GoaheadD.That’sgreat16.Hetookpityonthepeopleinthefloodedareasand________hisclothesandquiltstothem.A.gaveawayB.gaveoffC.gaveinD.threwaway17.AsastudentofGrade3,I________earlyinthemorning.A.amaccustomedtogetupB.amaccustomedtogettingupC.accustomedtogetupD.accustomedtogettingup18.Asmallcarisbigenoughforafamilyofthree________youneedmorespaceforbaggage.A.onceB.becauseC.ifD.unless19.Billwasn’thappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJason,and________.A.IwasneitherB.neitherwasIC.IwaseitherD.eitherwasI20.—Wouldyoufeellike________acigarette?—Yes.Iwouldlike________.Butmydoctoraskedmenottodoso.A.having;/B.having;toC.have;/D.tohave;/二、完形填空AsChristmasiscoming,therearepresentstobebought,cardstobesent,androomstobecleaned.Parentsare__21__withdifficultjobsofhidingpresentsfromcuriousyoungchildren.Ifthegiftsarelarge,thisissometimesareal__22__.OnChristmasEve,youngchildrenfindtheexcitementalmostunbearable.TheyaretornbetweenthewishtogotobedearlysothatFatherChristmaswillbringtheirpresentsquicklyandthewishto__23__uplatesothattheywillnot__24__thefun.Thewishforgiftsusuallyprovesstronger.Butthoughchildrengotobedearly,theyoftenlie__25__foralongtime,hopingtogetashort__26__atFatherChristmas.LastChristmas,mywifeandI__27__hidafewlargepresentsinthestoreroom.I__28__themomentwhenmyson,Jimmy,would__29__mewherethatnewbikehadcomefrom,but__30__hedidnotseeit.OnChristmasEve,__31__tookthechildrenhourstogotosleep.Itmusthavebeennearly__32__whenmywifeandIwentquietlyintotheirroomandbegan__33__stockings.ThenIpushedinthe__34__IboughtforJimmyandleftitbesidetheChristmastree.Weknewwewouldnotgetmuchsleepthatnight,forthechildrenwere__35__togetupearly.Ataboutfiveo’clockthenextmorning,wewere__36__byloudsoundscomingfromthechildren’sroom—theywereshoutingexcitedly!__37__Ihadtimetogetoutofbed,youngJimmycameridingintotheroomonhisnewbike,andhissister,Mary,followedclosebehindpushinghernewbabycarriage.__38__thebabyarrived.Hemoved__39__thehandsandkneesintotheroomdraggingalargeballoonbehindhim.Suddenlyitburst.Thatwokeusup__40__.Thedayhadreallybegunwithaband(巨响)!21.A.facedB.metC.filledD.pleased22.A.questionB.matterC.problemD.business23.A.getB.stayC.standD.wake24.A.loseB.breakC.missD.leave25.A.awakeB.wakeC.asleepD.sleep26.A.lookB.stareC.glareD.watch27.A.hopefullyB.busilyC.gladlyD.successfully28.A.likedB.fearedC.surprisedD.hated29.A.answerB.tellC.askD.search30.A.sadlyB.unluckilyC.possiblyD.fortunately31.A.itB.theyC.ID.we32.A.morningB.midnightC.eveningD.daybreak33.A.fillingB.sewingC.mendingD.preparing34.A.presentB.stockingC.bikeD.tree35.A.goingB.sureC.gladD.excited36.A.troubledB.frightenedC.wokenD.shocked37.A.BeforeB.AfterC.UntilD.Since38.A.EvenB.AndC.SoonD.Then39.A.withB.onC.overD.by40.A.allB.nearlyC.happilyD.completely三、阅读理解“Family”isofcourseanelasticword.ButwhenBritishpeoplesaythattheirsocietyisbasedonfamilylife,theyarethinkingof“family”initsnarrow,peculiarlyEuropeansenseofmother,fatherandchildrenlivingtogetheraloneintheirownhouseasaneconomicandsocialunit.Thus,everyBritishmarriageindicatesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily—hencethetremendousimportanceofmarriageinBritishlife.Forboththemanandthewoman,marriagemeansleavingone’sparentsandstartingone’sownlife.Theman’sfirstdutywillthenbetohiswife,andthewife’stoherhusband.Hewillbeentirelyresponsibleforherfinancialsupport,andshefortherunningofthenewhome.Theirchildrenwillbetheircommonresponsibility.Neitherthewife’sparentsnorthehusband’s,northeirbrothersorsisters,auntsoruncles,haveanyrighttointerferewiththem—theyaretheirownmasters.ReadersofnovelslikeJaneAusten’sPrideandPrejudicewillknowthatinformertime’smarriageamongwealthyfamilieswerearrangedbythegirl’sparents,thatis,itwastheparents’dutytofindasuitablehusbandfortheirdaughter,preferablyarichone,andbyskillfulencouragementtoleadhimeventuallytoasktheirpermissiontomarrytheirdaughter.Untilthattime,thegirlwasprotectedandmaintainedintheparents’home,andthefinancialreliefofgettingridofhercouldbeseenintheirgivingthenewlymarriedpairasumofmoneycalledadowry.Itisverydifferenttoday.Mostgirlsoftodaygetajobwhentheyleaveschoolandbecomefinanciallyindependentbeforetheirmarriage.Thishashadtworesults.Agirlchoosesherownhusband,andshegetsnodowry.1.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Familyisofcourseanelasticword”?A.Differentfamilieshavedifferentwaysoflife.B.Differentdefinitionscouldbegiventotheword.C.Differentnationshavedifferentfamilies.D.Differenttimesproducedifferentfamilies.2.ForanEnglishfamily,thehusband’sdutyis________.A.runningthefamilywhilethewifeisfinancialsupportB.defendingthefamilywhilethewifeisrunningthehomeC.financialsupportwhilethewifeisrunningthehomeD.dependentwhilethewifeisindependent3.Everythingisdecidedinafamily________.A.bythecoupleB.withthehelpoftheirparentsC.bybrothersandsistersD.withthehelpofauntsanduncles4.WhatisTRUEconcerningthebookPrideandPrejudice?A.Itisthebestbookonmarriage.B.Itisahandbookofmarriage.C.ItgivessomeideaofEnglishsociallifeinthepast.D.Itprovidesalotofinformationofformertime’swealthyfamilies.AttherecentO&PExtremityGames,Ihadtheopportunitytoobserveanewgenerationofathleteswithdisabilitieswhowereskateboardingandrockclimbing.Theseyoungpeoplereallyshowedthepromiseofhowrewardingphysicalactivitiesare!Wedisabledcan—andshouldbe—asactiveasanyoneelse.Whenwegetandstayactive,wewillfeelbetter,beabletodomore,havehealthierbodies,andlookbetter.Itisafactthatexerciseactuallyproducesenergyandbuildsonitself.Themoreweexercise,thefitterourbodiesare,andthusthemoreenergywehavetoenjoyrecreationandthepleasureoflife.Noteveryoneiscutouttobeacompetitiveathlete,buttherearethingsthatwecandotostrengthenourphysicalwell­being.Expertsrecommendthatspendingaslittleas30minuteseachdayonphysicalactivitiesprovidesbenefitsincludinglowerriskofheartdisease,cancer,highbloodpressure,diabetes(糖尿病)andotherseriousdiseases.Takingstepstobecomephysicallyfitdoesnothavetomeanacquiringexpensivetrainingequipmentoragymmembership.Exercisecanincludesimplewalkingandrunning,gardening,cleaningthehouse,swimming,tennis,bicycling(stationaryorontheroad)andsoon.Thekeyistodoitonaregularbasis.Healthylifestylesalsorequiregoodnutritionalhabits.Whenchoosingfoods,nutritionistsadvisewholegrains,fleshfruitsandvegetables,fish,andlean(瘦的)cutsofpoultryandmeat.Thebenefitsofdrinkingeightfullglassesofwateradayarealsodocumented.Waterprovidesthemeansfornutrientstotraveltoallourorgans,improvesskintone(柔韧),regulatesbodytemperatureandcontributestomusclestrengthandcontrol,whichisconfirmedbyscientists.Fitnessresultsincompletingthetasksofdailyliving,workingafullday,andstillhavingenergytoparticipateinrecreationalactivities.Bybeingfit,you’llfindthatyouenjoyrecreationalactivitiesevenmorebecauseyouwon’tbetiredorsufferfromgoremuscles.Itistime,folks,togetmoving.Solet’sallgetoutthereanddosomeexercise!1.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Hewantstoaskpeopletorespectthedisabled.B.Heintendstocallonpeopletodosomeexercise.C.Hewantspeopletoknowtheimportanceofexerciseforthedisabled.D.Hewantstoexplainwhathealth