山东省临沂市2024届高三年级下册一模考试英语试卷(含答案)

山东省临沂市2024届高三下学期一模考试英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

EYLEA

ConsumerBriefSummary

ThissummarycontainsriskandsafetyinformationforpatientsaboutEYLEA.Itdoes

notincludealltheinformationanddoesnottaketheplaceoftalkingtoyoureyedoctor.

WhatisEYLEA?

EYLEAisamedicinethatworksbyblockingvascularendothelialgrowth

factor(VEGF),whichcancausefluidtoleakintothemacula(视网膜黄斑).

WhatisEYLEAusedfor?

EYLEAisindicatedforthetreatmentofpatientswith:

•MacularEdemaFollowingRetinalVeinOcclusion(RVO)

•DiabeticMacularEdema(DME)

•DiabeticRetinopathy(DR)

HowisEYLEAgiven?

EYLEAisaninjection(注射)administeredbyeyedoctorandtheinjectionsaregivenon

differentschedules.Confirmwithyourdoctorwhichscheduleisappropriate.

WhatarethemostcommonsideeffectsofEYLEA?

•Eyepain

•Lightsensitivity

•Increasedeyeredness

Formorepossiblesideeffects,askyoureyedoctor.Youareencouragedtoreport

negativesideeffectsofprescriptiondrugstotheFDA.Visit/medwatch,orcalll-

800-FDA-1088.

WhatshouldItellmyeyedoctorbeforereceivingEYLEA?

•Infectionsinoraroundtheeye

•Eyepainorredness

•BeingallergictoanyingredientsinEYLEA

•Beingorplanningtobepregnant

WherecanIlearnmoreaboutEYLEA?

ForamorecomprehensivereviewofEYLEAsafetyandriskinformation,talktoyour

healthcareproviderandseethefullinformationatEYLEA.com.

1.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?

A.Eyedoctors.B.Medicinestudents.

C.Drugresearchers.D.Patientswitheyeconditions.

2.HowcanyoulearnmoreaboutEYLEA?

A.VisitEYLEA.com.B.Calll-800-FDA-1088.

C.Visit/medwatch.D.Talktoamedicalprofessor.

3.Whatisthistext?

A.Amedicalreport.B.Anintroductiontoabook.

C.Ahealthcarecontract.D.Apieceofmedicalinstructions.

WatfordandherfamilyhavelivedinCurtisBay,Baltimoreforgenerations.Her

communityhasfacedenvironmentalinjustice.Heavyindustriescontinuedtomoveinher

community.Asaresult,herneighborshavehadtolivewithseriousrespiratory(呼吸的)

problems.

Whensheknewaplantobuildthenation'slargesttrash-burningincinerator(焚化炉)

lessthanamileawayfromherhighschool,sherealizedshehadtotakeaction.The

incineratorwasbeingsoldwronglyasclean,renewableenergyequipmentbutactuallyit

wouldbeasourceofbrain-damagingchemicalsandwouldrelease200milliontonsof

greenhousegasesperyear,bothworsethancoalburning.Watfordfeltshehadaresponsibility

towarnhercommunitytoworktogethertoshutthisplantdown.

Sheco-foundedFreeYourVoice(FYV),a10-personstudentorganizationdevotedto

communityrightsandsocialjustice.Together,theydecidedtostartacampaigntotakedown

EnergyAnswers,theincinerator'sdeveloper.Theywentdoor-to-doortalkingtoneighbors

andorganizingprotests.

WhenitwasdiscoveredthatBaltimoreCityPublicSchools(BCPS)wasgoingtobea

customerofEnergyAnswers,theorganizationfoughtwiththeboardandpresentedtheircase,

urgingBCPStowithdrawfromtheproject.BCPSwasconvincedtocanceltheircontract,

whichinturninspired22othercustomerstodothesame.Withoutanyfinancialgain,Energy

Answershadnomarkettomoveforwardwithitsplan.

WatfordcontinuestoworkwithCurtisBayresidentstowardfairdevelopment.Theyhave

avisionforthefuturewhichincludesbuildingazero-wastemovement,asolarfarm,and

greenjobs.Shewantstheentirehumanfamilytojointhefightforenvironmentaljustice

becausesurvivalasaspeciesdependsonourabilitytotakeaction.

4.WhatcausedrespiratoryproblemsinWatford^community?

A.Poormedicalcare.B.Terribleenvironmentalconditions.

C.Constantbacterialinfection.D.Unbalanceddistributionofresources.

5.WhatisWatford^attitudetobuildingtheincinerator?

A.Unfavourable.B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Indifferent.

6.Whatwastheresultoftheircampaign?

A.BCPSlostfinancialsupport.B.EnergyAnswersstoppeditsplan.

C.Theinvestorsfoundnewmarket.D.Manycustomersrevisedtheircontracts.

7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Ateenageheroagainsturbanpollution

B.Ateenageherofightingforanadvancedcity

C.AbattleforBaltimore'sskybyateenagehero

D.Thesocialjusticechallengeforateenagehero

Humansworkhardtoavoidviruses.Sickpeopleareisolated,diseasedanimalsarekilled

andfieldsofinfectedcropsarefiredup.Reviving（复活）anancientviruswouldsurelybea

disaster.

ButanewstudyledbyFiddamanfromOxford,challengesthisconventionalwisdom.It

showshowtherevivalofanancientviruscanunlockthesecretsofitsevolution.

ThevirusinthestudyisMarek'sdiseasevirus（MDV）,killingmorethan90%ofchickens.

Yetwhenitwasdiscoveredin1907,MDVrarelycauseddeath.

DrFiddamanwonderedwhetheritsnew-foundvirulence（毒，性）wasaresultoflarge

structuralchanges.Tofindout,heandhiscolleaguesgottheirhandsonnearly1,000chicken

bonesfromancienttimesacrossEuropeandAsia,someofthemupto2000yearsold.

SectionsofDNAfromtheseremainsweremappedontotheonesoftoday'svirus.

AstheauthorspiecedtogetherthesetsofgenesofancientMDV,however,theynoticed

thatthegeneswerearrangedidenticallytothoseinmodernspecies.Itsuggeststhatthe

increasedvirulenceresultednotfromlargestructuralchanges,butfrompointmutations（突

变）.Inparticular,changeshadoccurredinthearrangementofagenecalledMEQ,whichhas

anessentialroleintumour（肿瘤）formation.

ThisdiscoverysuggeststhattheancientMDVmaynothavebeenabletocausetumours.

Totestthisassumption,DrFiddamanfollowedupwithadaringexperiment.Hemadethe

ancientformoftheMEQgeneandshootitintolivingchickencells.Itdidnotturnonanyof

thegenesassociatedwithtumourformation.Incomparison,amodernMEQgenequickly

showeditstendencytocausetumours.

Bycombiningancientandmodemgeneticbiology,themethodspioneeredinthepaper

revealhow,andmoreimportantlywhy,anyvirusmutates.Thatcouldhelpscientiststackle

othervirusesthatpullonthepurse-stringsoffarmers-bydesigningnewvaccines（疫苗），for

instance一oreventoworkouthowtopreventanotherglobalpandemic.

8.Whatiswidelyacknowledgedabouttherevivalofanancientvirus?

A.Itisachallengingtask.B.Itrevealsthevirusevolution.

C.Itmeansadisasterforhumans.D.Ithelpspeoplefightdiseases.

9.WhatcausedthevirulencechangeofMDV?

A.PointmutationsinMEQ.B.Theoccurranceofanewgene.

C.ThereproductionoftheancientMDV.D.Largestructuralchangesinmodernspecies.

10.HowdidDrFiddamantesttheassumption?

A.Byinvestigatingatypicalcase.B.Byconductingafieldsurvey.

C.Bystudyingtherelatedtheories.D.Bydoingacomparativeexperiment.

11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Virusesweakengraduallywhentheymutate.

B.Thefindingthrowslightonhandlingotherviruses.

C.Aglobalpandemicrequiresaworldefforttoendit.

D.Farmerswillfacemorecomplexchallengesthanbefore.

WhenAmericananthropologistColinTurnbullpublishedTheMountainPeoplein1972,

hereferredtohissubjects一aUgandangroupcalledtheIk一as"thelovelesspeople.^^After

twoyearsofobservations,hedecidedthattheyreflectedhumanity'sbasicinstincts（本能）:

cheat,thievery,andpitilessness.ButwhenAthenaAktipisandhercolleaguesfromthe

HumanGenerosityProjecttookadeeperlook,theyidentifiedacommunitythatshared

everything."TurnbullhadvisitedUgandaduringadisastrousfamine（饥荒）.Allhesawis

whathappenswhenpeoplearestarving.^^saysAktipis.Butherteamrevealedthatdespite

livingunderpressure,theIkplacedahighvalueonhelpingoneanotherwhentheycould.

Aktipisbelievesthataltruismismorecommonandbeneficialthanevolutionarysocial

sciencehaslongthought."Itwasassumedthatpeoplearedesignedtoonlydothingstohelp

themselvesortheirrelatives."shesays.Bystudyingtheunique,selflesspracticesthathelped

ninecommunitiesacrosstheworldtocontinuetoexist,theexpertsfromtheProjectare

lookingtoshowthatweareindeedcapableofwidespreadcooperation.

TheMaasaipeopleinKenyaprovideoneoftheproject'smainpoints.Theyrelyontwo-

wayfriendshipsforresourceslikefoodorwaterwhenthey'reinneed,withoutexpectingany

repayment.Also,aworldaway,inNewMexico,whilefolksoftenhelptransportcattleand

receivesupportinreturn,theywillassistwithoutrepaymentifsomeonefacesdifficulties,

suchasaninjuryorthedeathofalovedone.

Aktipisbelievestheoreticalframeworksshe'sperfectedthroughstudyingthesegroups

canapplybroadlytoanyinterdependentsystems.Herbiggoalistodesignsocial-service

systemsthatsupporteveryone.Takemarket-basedinsuranceintheUnitedStatesasan

example:Ifspricedbasedonindividualriskfactorssuchashealthhistoriesandwherepeople

live,whichmeansmillionsofAmericanscan'taffordit.Butinasystembuiltonneighboring,

pooledcosts（合并成本）wouldleveltheburdenduringcollectivehardshiplikenatural

disastersandpandemics.

12.WhatdidTurnbullthinkoftheIkpeople?

A.Heartless.B.Helpful.C.Restless.D.Generous.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruism“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Tryingtobestrongandtoughtosurvive.

B.Makingfulluseofthesurroundingresources.

C.Beingdevotedtothemselvesortheirrelatives.

D.Caringabouttheneedsandhappinessofothers.

14.Whatdoesparagraph3intendtoconvey?

A.Friendshipsguaranteeawell-beinglife.

B.Folksassisteachothertogetsupport.

C.Cooperationisagoodandnaturalinstinct.

D.Peopletendtoprovideresourcesforfree.

15.HowdoesAktipisintendtoapplyherfindings?

A.Bydesigningapolicyforpublichealth.

B.Bymonitoringindividualhealthhistories.

C.Bycreatingasystemagainstcollectivehardship.

D.Byloweringinsurancepricesforindividualvictims.

二、七选五

16.MarkCovington,founderoftheGeorgiaStreetCommunityCollectiveinDetroit,

standsinacornerofhisurbanfarm,breathingthefreshairintheearlymorning.①

Earlyintheday,thegreencropsgivinglifetotomatoes,cabbages,eggplants,andmore

arebathedingold,asifbeingwateredbythesun.Thesoundsofdogs,pigs,roosters,anda

groupofstirringbeesdrownoutthesoundsofthecity.

In2007,Covingtonlosthisjobandreturnedtohischildhoodstreet.(2)_"Itwas

dirty/9hesaid.“Therewerealwaysvacantlots,buttheyhadalwaysbeenmaintainedfor

childrentoplayon."Heknewthatifhejustcleanedthemup,peoplewouldpileonthem

again.(3)

Covingtonstartedwithasmallcommunitygarden.④Onemothersentthree

childrentohelphimbuildalargergardenwherethekidscouldgrowfood,staybusyduring

thesummerandaddstructuretotheirlives.Littlebylittletheseedstookroot,asthehandson

thegardenthatwouldevolveintoafarmmultiplied.

⑤Ononecorner:amoviescreenandapublicgardenwithvegetableandflower

beds.Onanother:afarmandacommunitycenterinabuilding.Nearbyaregarlicbedsanda

greenhouse."It'ssomewhatspiritualforme,“Covingtonsays.“It'slikeasanctuary(圣殿).

Peoplecomehereanddon'twanttoleave?9

A.Butifheplantedstuff,theymightnot.

B.Ifsatypicalmorningsceneatthecollective.

C.Hesawgarbagepiledhighinvacant,abandonedlots.

D.Covingtonmadethegardenalittlebiggertoplantmore.

E.Andalmostimmediatelyneighborsbeganaskingtoparticipate.

F.Heplantedagardentohelpfeedresidentsandenrichtheirlives.

G.Whatbeganasanefforttoremovetrashhasturnedintoasiteofcommunity.

三、完形填空(15空)

Whateverthepatienfsageordisease,ahospitalstaycanbestressful,especiallyforkids.

EffortslikeElla'sarea(an)1spotduringatoughtime.

Itbeganin2018,whenEllacelebratedherbirthdayina2way一agiftdrive.Since

then,ithas3eachyearinearlyOctober,afewweeksbeforeherbirthday.Alongwith

a(an)4toherparty,Ella'sfriendsgetalistofgiftideasforkidsatthehospital.Forthe

youngest5giftsmightincludebuildingblocksorstuffedtoys.Thenit'stimetoshare

thegifts."Seeingotherpeople's6一thafsallthatmatterstome,“Ellasays.

Afterthefirstround,thenumberofdonations7everyyear.Butshedoesn'tkeepan

exactcount.8,shejudgesbysight.t6Wemeasurehowmuchofthecarpetitcoversinour

livingroom,99Ellasays."Lastyear,it9theentirecarpet.”

Allison,workingatBrighamChildren'sHospital,hasseenfirsthandthe10of

Ella'sgift-giving."Sheputssmileonthefacesoftheselittlepatientsinourhospital,"Allison

says."Theyareallamazedather11atsuchayoungage.”

Ella's12tohelpkidsinthehospitalhaveinspiredothersto13inher

footsteps.Friendshavecollectedand14giftsfortheirbirthdaystoo.

“15toothersisagoodfeelingtohaveattheendoftheday,“Ellasays."Iwantto

keepdoingthisaslongasIcan.^^

17.A.independentB.extraC.freeD.bright

18.A.newB.privateC.fancyD.natural

19.A.workedoutB.kickedoffC.givenoutD.thoughtup

20.A.letterB.recreationC.invitationD.cake

21.A.workersB.patientsC.parentsD.nurses

22.A.happinessB.recognitionC.behaviorD.admiration

23.A.changesB.growsC.declinesD.maintains

24.A.ThusB.SomehowC.SometimesD.Instead

25.A.reachedB.includedC.decoratedD.covered

26.A.excitementB.effectC.inspirationD.feature

27.A.generosityB.explorationC.ambitionD.progress

28.A.promisesB.aimsC.effortsD.proposals

29.A.followB.engageC.trackD.mix

30.A.receivedB.countedC.gatheredD.donated

31.A.RespondingB.RelatingC.GivingD.Comparing

四、短文填空

32.Playinganinstrumentorsinginginachoirmayboostyourbrain.Forgenerations,

parents①(encourage)theirchildrentopracticeplayingmusicalinstruments.Parents

havegoodreasontoprioritizetheirchildren'smusicaleducation.Learninganinstrumentis

notonlyassociatedwith②(good)educationalattainmentbutalsowithimproved

cognitive(认知的)abilitiesandintelligence(智力)scoresinchildren.

Theresultsofarecentstudy(3)(investigate)thisquestionshowedthatmusical

peoplehadbettermemoryandtheabilitytostay(4)(focus)ontasksthanthosewithless

ornomusicality.

However,⑤madeadifferenceamongthosewhoplayedaninstrumentwaswhether

theycontinuedtoplay(6)hadonlyplayedinthepast.Currentamateurmusicians

exhibitedthehighestcognitiveperformanceamongparticipants.

Continuedengagement⑦cognitivelystimulatingactivities,likeplayingan

instrument,islikely(8)(lead)tosustainedbrainhealth.Incontrast,playingtherecorder

foronlythreeyearsinprimaryschoolmaynot⑨(significant)impactourcognitive

performancelaterinlife.

Giventheoverallbenefitsoflearninganinstrumentorparticipatinginachoir,engaging

insuchacognitive⑩(stimulate)asweagecouldbebeneficial.

五、书面表达

33.假如你是李华，你校外教Ryan打算开展英语阅读活动，现向学生征求意见，请你

给外教回复一封邮件，陈述建议并给出理由，内容包括：

1.材料选择；

2.阅读形式(小组合作或自主阅读)。

注意：

1.词数80左右;

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

DearRyan,

Yours,

LiHua

六、读后续写

34.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

Becky,a12-year-oldgirl,wasdeepinhermathshomework.HerfatherBillaskedherto

helpfixthegateofthestall(牛栏).“Icouldn'tcomeoutandhelp,Daddy,“sheresponded,

withoutevenlookingup."I'llgetextramarksifIdotheseequations(方程式)

Frowning,BillwasconcernedaboutBecky.Sheonlylovednumbers,showinglittle

interestinotherthings.Billhopedhisdaughtercouldenjoyanimalsandhelpontheirfarm.

“Wouldn'tyouliketowintheblueribboncompetitionwithyourveryowncalfnext

year?^^Billrefusedtogiveup.Inthecompetition,childrenshowthecalvestheyraiseandthe

bestcalf（小牛）withalargebuild,well-developedmusclesandstronglegswouldgetthe

blueribbon.

Beckylistenedwithoutaword."Youknow,raisingacalfalsorequiresmathmatics,like

calculatingtheexpensestomaintainhealthandmuscledevelopmentduringgrowth."Bill

continued.

ItseemedthatsomethingclickedwithBecky,"Itmightbeaperfectopportunitytoshow

mymathtalents."Shethenfollowedherdadintothestall.Billpointedtoanewborncalf

“Heresheis!Tag333.Shewillbethebestcalf!”Beckylooked,andasmilebrightenedher

face.UOK.Tilgiveitatry.”

Inthefollowingweeks,shestartedajournalofprojectedexpenses——vaccinations,

registrationfees,vetbills,grainandhay."She'sfinallygettinginterestedincattle,“Bill

thought.ButforBecky,thecalfseemedmorelikeamathematicalchallengethanaliving

animalthatwouldrequirecareandlove.

Wintercame一thetoughtimeforthecalves.Onemorning,anextremesnowstormhit.

Calves!BillandBeckyhurriedtothestalltocheck.AllthecalveswereinsideexceptTag333!

Wherewasshe?Theysearchedeverywhereandfinallyfoundheramileawayfromthestall.

Thelittlecalfwaslyingstill,coverediniceandsnow.Hereyelidsweresealedshutby

glitteringfrost."Isshedead?”Beckycried.Billpressedhisfingersagainstthecalf'schest.

“No.Butweneedtodosomething-fast,“heurged.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.

Theyrushedthecalfintothestall.

Timeflyingby,thejudgingdayfinallyarrived.

参考答案

1.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。由文章ConsumerBriefSummary中“Thissummarycontainsriskand

safetyinformationforpatientsaboutEYLEA.Itdoesnotincludealltheinformationanddoes

nottaketheplaceoftalkingtoyoureyedoctor.（本摘要包含对使用EYLEA患者的风险和

安全信息。它不包括所有信息，也不代替与眼科医生交谈。）”以及WhatisEYLEA

usedfor?中“EYLEAisindicatedfbrthetreatmentofpatientswith（EYLEA适用于治疗...的

病人）”可知，该文章是为患有眼部疾病的患者准备的。故选D项。

2.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。由文章最后一段“ForamorecomprehensivereviewofEYLEAsafety

andriskinformation,talktoyourhealthcareproviderandseethefullinformationatEYLEA.

com.（有关EYLEA安全和风险信息的更全面了解，请与您的医疗保健提供者联系，并

在EYLEA.com查看完整信息。）”可知，读者可以访问EYLEA.com了解更多关于

EYLEA的信息。故选A项。

3.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。由文章第一段“Thissummarycontainsriskandsafetyinformationfor

patientsaboutEYLEA.Itdoesnotincludealltheinformationanddoesnottaketheplaceof

talkingtoyoureyedoctor.（本摘要包含对使用EYLEA患者的风险和安全信息。它不包括

所有信息，也不代替与眼科医生交谈。厂以及下文可知，这篇文章是一份关于EYLEA

药的使用说明书。故选D项。

4.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hercommunityhasfacedenvironmentalinjustice.

Heavyindustriescontinuedtomoveinhercommunity.Asaresult,herneighborshavehadto

livewithseriousrespiratory（呼吸的）problems.（她的社区面临着环境的不公正。重工业

继续往她的社区迁移。结果，她的邻居不得不忍受严重的呼吸问题）”可知，恶劣的环

境条件导致Watford社区出现呼吸问题，故选B。

5.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Watfordfeltshehadaresponsibilitytowarnher

communitytoworktogethertoshutthisplantdown.（Watford觉得她有责任警告她的社区

共同努力关闭这家工厂）”可知，Watford不支持建立垃圾焚化炉，故选A。

6.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“BCPSwasconvincedtocanceltheircontract,whichin

turninspired22othercustomerstodothesame.Withoutanyfinancialgain,EnergyAnswers

hadnomarkettomoveforwardwithitsplan.（BCPS被说服取消了合同，这反过来又激励

了其他22家客户也这样做。没有任何经济收益，EnergyAnswers就没有市场来推进其

计划）“可知，Watford发起的运动结果是迫使开发商EnergyAnswers停止了其计划。故

选B。

7.答案：C

解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“Together,theydecidedtostarta

campaigntotakedownEnergyAnswers,theincinerator'sdeveloper.（他们——起决定发起—

场运动，打倒垃圾焚烧炉的开发商EnergyAnswers）”和最后一段中“Shewantstheentire

humanfamilytojointhefightforenvironmentaljusticebecausesurvivalasaspecies

dependsonourabilitytotakeaction.（她希望整个人类大家庭都加入到环境正义的斗争中

来，因为作为一个物种的生存取决于我们采取行动的能力）”可知，文章主要讲述恶劣

的环境导致Watford所在社区出现健康问题，Watford和另外9个学生成立FreeYour

M）ice组织，发起反对建立垃圾焚化炉的运动，最终迫使该项目被叫停，C项“少年英

雄为巴尔的摩的天空而战”为最佳标题，故选C。

8.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段“Humansworkhardtoavoidviruses.Sickpeopleare

isolated,diseasedanimalsarekilledandfieldsofinfectedcropsarefiredup.Reviving（复

活）anancientviruswouldsurelybeadisaster1人类努力躲避病毒。病人被隔离，患病的

动物被杀死，被感染的作物被点燃。复活一种古老的病毒肯定是一场灾难。）”可知，

普遍认为，复活一种古老的病毒肯定是一场灾难。故选C项。

9.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。由文章第五段“Itsuggeststhattheincreasedvirulenceresultednot

fromlargestructuralchanges,butfrompointmutations（突变）.Inparticular,changeshad

occurredinthearrangementofagenecalledMEQ,whichhasanessentialroleintumour（肿

瘤）formation.（这表明毒力的增加不是由大的结构变化引起的，而是由点突变引起的。

特别是，一种名为MEQ的基因的排列发生了变化，该基因在肿瘤形成中起着重要作

用。户可知，MEQ点突变引起MDV毒力变化。故选A项。

10.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Totestthisassumption,DrFiddamanfollowedup

withadaringexperiment.HemadetheancientformoftheMEQgeneandshootitintoliving

chickencells.Itdidnotturnonanyofthegenesassociatedwithtumourformation.In

comparison,amodernMEQgenequicklyshoweditstendencytocausetumours.（为了验证

这一假设，Fiddaman博士进行了一项大胆的实验。他制造了古老的MEQ基因，并将

其注射到活的鸡细胞中。它没有启动任何与肿瘤形成相关的基因。相比之下，现代的

MEQ基因很快就显示出了导致肿瘤的趋势。厂可知，Fiddaman博士通过做一个比较实

验来验证这一假设。故选D项。

11.答案：B

解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Bycombiningancientandmoderngeneticbiology,

themethodspioneeredinthepaperrevealhow,andmoreimportantlywhy,anyvirusmutates.

Thatcouldhelpscientiststackleothervirusesthatpullonthepurse-stringsoffarmers—by

designingnewvaccines（疫苗），forinstance一oreventoworkouthowtopreventanother

globalpandemic.（通过结合古代和现代基因生物学，论文中开创的方法揭示了任何病毒

是如何变异的，更重要的是为什么变异。这可能有助于科学家应对其它影响农民钱包

的病毒一例如，通过设计新的疫苗一甚至研究如何预防另一场全球大流行。）”可知，

这一发现为处理其它病毒提供了线索。故选B项。

12.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhenAmericananthropologistColinTurnbull

publishedTheMountainPeoplein1972,hereferredtohissubjects一aUgandangroup

calledtheIk一as"thelovelesspeople.'（当美国人类学家ColinTurnbull在1972年出版

TheMountainPeople时，他把他的研究对象一一个叫做Ik的乌干达群体一称为，无爱的

人’）”可知，Turnbull认为Ik人很无情，故选A。

13.答案：D

解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段末句"Butherteamrevealedthatdespitelivingunder

pressure,theIkplacedahighvalueonhelpingoneanotherwhentheycould.（但她的团队透

露，尽管生活在压力之下，但Ik人非常重视在可能的情况下互相帮助）”及划线词下文

“Itwasassumedthatpeoplearedesignedtoonlydothingstohelpthemselvesortheir

relatives.（人们被认为只会做有利于自己或亲人的事情）”可知，Ik人会互相帮助，故划

线词所在句意为“Aktipis认为，利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有

益”，altruism意为“利他主义”，故选D。

14.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“TheMaasaipeopleinKenyaprovideoneoftheproject's

mainpoints.Theyrelyontwo-wayfriendshipsforresourceslikefoodorwaterwhenthey're

inneed,withoutexpectinganyrepayment.Also,aworldaway,inNewMexico,whilefolks

oftenhelptransportcattleandreceivesupportinreturn,theywillassistwithoutrepaymentif

someonefacesdifficulties,suchasaninjuryorthedeathofalovedone.（肯尼亚的马赛人提

供了该项目的主要观点之一。当他们需要食物或水等资源时，他们依靠双向友谊，而

不期望任何回报。另外，在另一个世界的新墨西哥州，虽然人们经常帮助运输牲畜并

获得支持作为回报，但如果有人遇到困难，比如亲人受伤或死亡，他们会无偿提供帮

助）”可知，本段旨在通过两个例子表明，合作是一种良好而自然的本能，故选C。

15.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Aktipisbelievestheoreticalframeworksshe's

perfectedthroughstudyingthesegroupscanapplybroadlytoanyinterdependentsystems.

Herbiggoalistodesignsocial-servicesystemsthatsupporteveryone.（Aktipis认为，她通

过研究这些群体而完善的理论框架可以广泛应用于任何相互依存的系统）”以及“Butina

systembuiltonneighboring,pooledcosts（合并成本）wouldleveltheburdenduring

collectivehardshiplikenaturaldisastersandpandemics.（但在一个建立在相邻基础上的体

系中，在自然灾害和流行病等集体困难时期，合并成本将减轻负担）”可知，Aktipis打

算通过建立一个对抗集体困难的制度来应用她的发现，故选C。

16.答案：BCAEG

解析：①根据上文"MarkCovington,founderoftheGeorgiaStreetCommunityCollective

inDetroit,standsinacornerofhisurbanfarm,breathingthefreshairintheearly

morning.（MarkCovington是底特律乔治亚街社区集体组织的创始人，他站在自家城市

农场的一角，呼吸着清晨的新鲜空气）”及下文"Earlyintheday,thegreencropsgivinglife

totomatoes,cabbages,eggplants,andmorearebathedingold,asifbeingwateredbythe

sun.（清晨，绿色的庄稼，如西红柿、卷心菜、茄子等，沐浴在金色之中，仿佛被太阳

浇灌过）”可知，这些描述共同构成了清晨在这个集体农场中的典型景象，B项“这是集

体农场的一个典型清晨场景”符合语境，故选B。

②根据上文“In2007,Covingtonlosthisjobandreturnedtohischildhoodstreet.（2007年，

Covington失去了工作，回到了儿时的街道）“以及下文""twasdirty,5hesaid.，很脏，‘他

说）”可知，此处是说Covington回到儿时的街道后看到脏乱的景象，C项“他看到垃圾

堆在空的、废弃的空地上”符合语境，故选C。

③上文“Heknewthatifhejustcleanedthemup,peoplewouldpileonthemagain.（他矢口道如

果他把它们清理干净，人们又会把它们堆起来）”提到，Covington意识到如果只是简单

地清理这些空地，人们又会再次把垃圾堆在上面，这暗示了需要一种更持久、更有意

义的改变，结合下文“Covingtonstartedwithasmallcommunitygarden.（Covington从一个

小的社区花园开始）”提到他种植社区花园可知，空处是说他想到如果在这些空地上种

植东西，人们可能就不会再往上面乱丢垃圾了，A项“但如果他种一些东西，他们可能

就不会（堆积）”符合语境，故选A。

④上文“Covingtonstartedwithasmallcommunitygarden.（Covington从一个小的社区花园

开始）”提到Covington开始种植社区花园，结合下文“Onemothersentthreechildrento

helphimbuildalargergardenwherethekidscouldgrowfood,staybusyduringthesummer

andaddstructuretotheirlives.（一位母亲让三个孩子帮他建了一个更大的花园，孩子们

可以在那里种食物，在夏天保持忙碌，并为他们的生活增添一些安排）”可知，邻居们

和Covington一起种植社区花园，E项“邻居们几乎立刻就开始要求参与进来”符合语

境，故选E。

⑤结合下文“Ononecomer:amoviescreenandapublicgardenwithvegetableandflower

beds.Onanother:afarmandacommunitycenterinabuilding.Nearbyaregarlicbedsanda

greenhouse.（在一个角落里：一个电影屏幕和一个有蔬菜和花坛的公共花园。在另一个

角落：一个农场和一个社区中心在一栋楼里。附近是大蒜床和温室）”可知，文章最后

描述了Covington的项目如何从清理垃圾开始，逐渐发展成为一个集电影屏幕、公共

花园、农场和社区中心等多种功能于一体的社区活