2025届高三英语二轮复习语法专题 关系代词在定语从句中的作用 导学案（含答案）

关系代词在定语从句中的作用深度剖析在英语语法体系中，定语从句是一个至关重要的部分，而关系代词则是构建和理解定语从句的关键元素。关系代词主要包括who,whom,whose,which,that等。它们在定语从句中发挥着多方面的重要作用。首先，关系代词起到连接先行词与定语从句的桥梁作用。先行词是被定语从句所修饰限定的名词或代词。通过关系代词，将先行词与描述其特征或相关信息的从句紧密地联系在一起。例如，在句子“Sheisthegirlwhowonthefirstprize.”中，“who”将先行词“thegirl”与“wonthefirstprize”这个描述她的行为的从句连接起来。其次，关系代词在从句中承担着特定的语法角色。当关系代词作主语时，它主导着从句中的动作或状态。比如，“Themanwhoisstandingthereismyfather.”中，“who”就是从句的主语，表示那个站在那里的男人。作宾语时，关系代词接受从句中其他成分的动作。如“HeisthepersonwhomIgavethebookto.”中的“whom”就是“gaveto”的宾语。关系代词“whose”则用于表示所属关系，强调先行词与其他事物的所有权或关联。像“Intheclass,thereisastudentwhosefatherisafamousscientist.”中，“whose”表明学生与他父亲的所属关系。关系代词的选择并非随意，而是要根据先行词的性质、在从句中的角色以及具体语境来确定。比如，先行词为人且在从句中作主语时，常用“who”；先行词为人且在从句中作宾语时，可用“whom”或“that”；先行词为物时，常用“which”或“that”；“whose”则不论先行词是人还是物，只要表示所属关系都可使用。下面通过具体例子来进一步阐释：“ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.”这里先行词“book”是物，“which”在从句中作宾语。“Themanwhosecarwasstolenisveryangry.”强调男人与车的所属关系。为了帮助更好地理解和掌握关系代词在定语从句中的作用，请做以下练习题：Thewoman___iswearingareddressismysister.Thebook___Ireadlastweekwasverygood.Theman___Imetyesterdayisadoctor.Thedog___tailisshortisverycute.Thehouse___theyboughtlastyearisverybig.Thegirl___issingingisverybeautiful.Thepen___Ilostyesterdaywasexpensive.Thecar___colorisblackbelongstomyfather.Theboy___motherisateacherisverysmart.Thetree___isinthegardenisveryold.Theman___istalkingtomyfatherismyuncle.Thechair___Iamsittingoniscomfortable.Thepicture___isonthewallisverybeautiful.Theman___carwasstolenisveryangry.Thegirl___Idancedwithisverynice.Thefood___shecookedwasdelicious.Theshirt___colorisblueismine.Themovie___wewatchedlastnightwasveryexciting.Theman___jobisveryimportantisverybusy.Thedog___barkedatmeisveryfierce.Thebook___shegavemeisveryinteresting.Thetable___legisbrokenneedstoberepaired.Themusic___theyarelisteningtoisverypopular.Thegirl___eyesareblueisverycharming.Theman___Igavethebooktoismyfriend.Thehouse___roofisredisverybeautiful.Theflower___smellissweetisverybeautiful.Theman___Isawintheparkismyneighbor.Thebike___heboughtyesterdayisveryexpensive.Thewoman___Imetatthepartyisafamousactress.答案：who/thatwhich/thatwhom/thatwhosewhich/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhosewhosethatwho/thatwhich/thatwhich/