2021年高考英语调研大一轮复习课时作业28Unit3AhealthylifeB卷

课时作业28AhealthylifeⅠ.阅读理解(陕西西安中学检测)Adecade­longstudy,alsothefirstmajorresearchintoairpollutionanddiseasehasshownthatlivingnearamainroadincreasestheriskofdementia(痴呆).Thestudyof6.6millionpeoplefoundthatoneintendementiadeathsinpeoplelivingwithin50metresofabusyroadwasduetowastegasandnoise.Airpollutionisalreadyknowntocontributetothedeathsofaround40,000peopleinBritaineachyearbyworseningbreathingandheartconditions,whilepreviousresearchshowedemissions(排放物)cancausebrainshrinkage.ButthenewstudybyCanadianpublichealthscientistsisthefirsttofindalinkbetweenlivingclosetoheavytrafficandtheincreasingofdementia,adiscoverydescribedas“believable”and“impressive”byBritishexperts.DrHongChensaid,“Ourstudysuggeststhatbusyroadscouldbeasourceofenvironmentalstressorsthatcouldgiverisetotheonsetofdementia.Populationgrowthandurbanizationhaveplacedmanypeopleclosetoheavytraffic,andwithwidespreadexposuretoheavytrafficandgrowingratesofdementia,evenamodesteffectfromnear­roadexposurecouldcausealargepublichealthburden.Moreresearchtounderstandingthislinkisneeded,particularlyintotheeffectsofdifferentaspectsoftraffic,suchasairpollutantsandnoise.”Inthenewstudy,theteamtrackedalladultsagedbetween20and85livinginOntarioformorethanadecadefrom2001to2012.Theyusedpostcodestodeterminehowclosepeoplelivedtoamainroadandanalysedmedicalrecordstoseeiftheywentontodevelopdementia,Parkinson'sdiseaseormultiplesclerosis(多发性硬化)．WhiletherewasnocorrelationbetweenlivingneararoadandParkinson'sdiseaseormultiplesclerosis,dementiariskreducedaspeoplelivedfurtherfromamainroad,withasevenpercenthigherriskindevelopingdementiaamongthoselivingwithin50metres;afourpercenthigherriskat50—100metresandatwopercenthigherriskat101—200metres.After200metrestherewasnoincrease.Researchersbelievethatnoiseoftrafficmayalsoplayaroleintheraisedriskaswellasotherurbanpollution,whichisoftenpresentnearbusyroads.本文是一篇说明文。研究表明：居住在主道路附近的居民由于受空气污染和噪声影响患痴呆的风险较高。1．WhatcanweknowaboutCanadian'snewstudy?A．Britishexpertsthinkhighlyofit.B．Itbringsbenefitstodementiapatients.C．Itshowsthatairpollutionisveryserious.D．Itshowsthatairpollutioncancausebrainshrinkage.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“ButthenewstudybyCanadianpublichealth...describedas‘believable’and‘impressive’byBritishexperts.”可知，英国专家很看重这项研究。故选A项。2．WhatDrHongChensaidshowedthat________.A．peoplearediagnosedwithdementiamainlyduetoairpollutionB．widespreadexposuretotrafficwillreducetheriskofhavingdementiaC．thelinkbetweenlivingnearroadsandhavingdementiawasnotobviousD．busyroadscouldbeasourceofenvironmentalstressorsthatcauseddementiatoincrease答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“DrHongChensaid,‘Ourstudysuggeststhatbusyroadscouldbeasourceofenvironmentalstressorsthatcouldgiverisetotheonsetofdementia.’”可知，DrHongChen认为繁忙的道路是一种环境压力源，会使患痴呆症的风险升高。故选D项。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“correlation”mean?A．Change. B．Improvement.C．Association. D．Secret.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。虽然生活在道路附近与帕金森病或多发性硬化症之间没有相关性，但随着人们远离主干道，患痴呆症的风险降低了。correlation与association同义，意为“相关，关联”。故选C项。Ⅱ.阅读填句(河北滦南一中检测)Snow­blind—it'safrighteningword.Thankfully,it'saconditionthatistotallypreventable.Snow­blindnessisapainful,temporarylossofvisionduetooverexposuretothesun'sUVrays.Essentially,snow­blindnessiscausedbyasunburnedeye.__1__Thoughitiscommonlycalledsnow­blindness,theconditioncan(andoftendoes)occurintheabsenceofsnow.Theterms“snow­blind”and“snow­blindness”havebecomepopularbecausesnowishighlyreflectiveofultravioletradiation.__2__Also,skiing,mountainclimbingandsnowboardingusuallytakeplaceatrelativelyhighaltitudes,wherethesun'sUVraysarestronger.Combined,thesefactorscandoubleyourriskofgettingsunburnedeyes,comparedwithbeingoutdoorsatloweraltitudesinthesummertime.__3__TelevisionjournalistAndersonCooperexperiencedsnow­freesnow­blindnessfirst­handafewyearsagowhenhespentacoupleofhoursonaboatinPortugalwithoutsunglassesandendedup“blindfor36hours，”accordingtohisreportoftheincident.Notonlycanyoubecomesnow­blindwithoutsnow—itcanhappenwithoutsunlight,too!__4__Forexample,sunlampscancausetemporarysnow­blindnessifpropereyeprotectionisnotused.__5__Torelievepainordiscomfortfromsnow­blindness,stayindoorsandwearsunglasses.Keepyoureyeswell­moistenedwithartificialtears.Foradditionalrelief,useover­the­counterpainrelievers.Besuretouseonlypainrelieversyouknowyoucantakewithoutworryofanallergicreaction.Youalsomayfindthatplacingacool,dampenedwashclothoveryourclosedeyelidsiscomforting.A．Youdon'tneedsnowtobecomesnow­blind.B．Itwilllikelyaffectthosetravellinginsnowyconditions.C．Topreventsnow­blindnessontheslopes,wearsunglasses.D．Sometimesitoccursfromman­madesourcesofultravioletradiation.E．Infact,snowcanreflectover80percentoftheUVraysthatfalluponit.F．Snow­blindnessisscary,butusuallyit'stemporary,andtherearewaystorelievethediscomfort.G．Butwaterandwhitesandalsoarehighlyreflectiveofthesun'sUVrays,thusincreasingtherisk.本文是一篇说明文。“雪盲”是一件很可怕的事情，在没有雪的情况下也会发生，文章介绍了几种可以预防“雪盲”发生的方法。1．解析：根据后面的句子“Thoughitiscommonlycalledsnow­blindness,theconditioncan(andoftendoes)occurintheabsenceofsnow.”可知，虽然这词被叫作“雪盲”，但是在没有雪的地方也会发生，故选A。2．解析：根据上一句的介绍“Theterms‘snow­blind’and‘snow­blindness’havebecomepopularbecausesnowishighlyreflectiveofultravioletradiation.”可知，这个术语很流行，因为雪能高度反射紫外线，所以“...snowcanreflectover80percentoftheUVraysthatfalluponit.”这句话说明雪能反射80%的紫外线，起到承上启下的作用，故选E。3．解析：根据后一句话“TelevisionjournalistAndersonCooperexperiencedsnow­freesnow­blindnessfirst­handafewyearsago...”可知，人们在没有雪的地方也会经历“雪盲”，可见，水和白沙也会反射紫外线，增加了这种风险，故选G。4．解析：根据下句“...sunlampscancausetemporarysnow­blindnessifpropereyeprotectionisnotused.”可知，太阳灯也能造成暂时的“雪盲”，故一些人造的东西也能反射紫外线，故选D。5．解析：此空位于段首，根据这段的内容介绍可知，本段主要介绍了几种减少“雪盲”发生的方法，故选F。Ⅲ.语法填空(福建厦门一中检测)FriendshipDayinIndiafallson__1__firstSundayofAugusteveryyear.Itiscelebratedwithmanyactivities.YoungpeopleinIndiaspendthedaywiththeirclosestfriendsandhave__2__(funny)together.MostyoungstersinIndiaplanamovieorlunchwithfriends.Alargegroupoffriendsmayalsogoonadrivetotouristplacesormakeaplan__3__camping.Somefriendsgotothesupermarketstodosomeshopping.OnFriendshipDaymoststoresofferdiscountedpricesfor__4__(customer)anditistheperfectdaytobuysomethingforfriends.Somefriendsgotoparties__5__(organize)bymanyrestaurantsinordertoattractyoungsters.Suchpartiesareveryenjoyable.Youcangetfoodatadiscountedprice.Somefriendsjustdecidetomeetupatsomeone'shomeandtalkabout__6__(they)happypasttime.Thetimegoodfriendsspend__7__(sit)togetherandtalkingoveracupofcoffeeispreciousand__8__(forget)．Longdistancefriendscallupeachotheronthisday__9__wisheachotherwithwarmfeelings.Someofthemevenplantomeetuponthisparticularday.Yetsomeothersplana__10__(surprise)visitjusttoseetheirfriendgaspinpleasantshock!本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“印度友谊日”的相关情况。1．解析：友谊日是每年八月的第一个星期天，有序数词，因此与定冠词the连用。2．解析：这里说的是年轻人跟最亲密的朋友一起，玩得很开心。havefun“玩得开心，过得愉快”，为固定搭配。3．解析：许多朋友可能开车去旅游景点或者指定野营计划。makeaplanfor“为……制订计划”。4．解析：这个句子的主语是stores，商店会降价销售他们的商品给顾客们。5．解析：一些朋友会参加由许多餐馆为了吸引年轻人而组织的聚会。parties与organize之间是动宾关系，因此需用被动形式，且此处句子已经有了谓语，又在此作定语修饰parties，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。6．解析：句子的主语为somefriends，且此处作定语修饰time，因此用形容词性物主代词。7．解析：句中的goodfriendsspendsittingtogetherandtalkingoveracupofcoffee是定语从句，先行词为thetime，因此此处是spendtimedoing...的结构。8．解析：依据语境可知，此处是说时光很宝贵和难忘，因此用unforgettable表示“难忘的”。9．解析：远地方的朋友会打电话，祝福彼此，因此为并列关系，用and连接。10．解析：修饰名词visit，且作定语，因此用surprising，表示“令人吃惊的”。Ⅳ.短文改错(山西太原十二中检测)DearSusan，I'mverygladtohearyouwerecomingtovisitmethenextFriday.Unfortunately,Iwon'tbeabletomeetyouattheairportalthoughIhaveclassesintheafternoon.Youwon'tfinddifficulttogettothecityconcert.Theairportbusleavesevery30minuteandwilltakeyourightlytotheFriendshipHotel.MyclasswillbeoverbythenorIwillpickyouupthere.Iwilltakeyoutogethertoahot­potrestaurantfordinnerandwe'lltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.HavingapleasanttripandseeyouonFriday.Yours，ZhangMing答案与解析1．were→are考查时态。youarecoming用现在进行时表示将来的动作。2．去掉next前面的the考查冠词。这里不是间接引语，不需要加the。nextFriday“下星期五”。3．although→because考查连词。此处Ihaveclasses是Iwon'tbeabletomeetyouattheairport的原因。4．find后加it考查动词后的宾语。it是形式宾语，代替togettothecityconcert。5．minute→minutes考查名词的单复数形式。minute是可数名词，前面有30，故用复数。6．rightly→right考查副词。此处right是副词，意为“直接地”。rightly意