Unit1ScienceandscientistsReadingandThinking知识点课件高中英语人教版选择性2

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionAReadingandThinking1severe

adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的搭配

severeweather恶劣的天气severelooks严肃的表情severedisease严重的疾病

severely

adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地severityn.严重，严格

教材原句p.2

Heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.

他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。onceandforall最终地；彻底地Iwillexplainitonceforall.我会彻底解释清楚。Theteacherhaswarnedthestudentonceandforall.那位老师已断然警告那个学生。=onceforall

Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.

contradictory

adj.

containingorshowingacontradiction

互相矛盾的；互相对立的contradictv.

反驳;与……相矛盾contradictionn.

抵触;矛盾;矛盾的说法infectionn.感染；传染Air,water,clothingandinsectsareallmeansofinfection.空气、水、衣服及昆虫都会成为传染媒介。【词语积累】（1）infectvt.使感染；传染 beinfected/affectedwith感染上……，传染上……（2）infectiousadj.传染性的单句语法填空(1)Whitebloodcellsfight_________（infect）.(2)Everyyear，therearepeopleunluckyenoughtobeinfected__________theflu.(3)Don’tyoufindherenthusiasm__________（infect）infectionwithinfectious写出句中subscribeto的含义(1)Manycompaniessubscribedgenerouslytothefootballclub.____________(2)Thelibrarysubscribestovariousjournals___________(3)Personally，I’veneversubscribedtotheviewthateithersexissuperiortotheother.__________(4)Theyrefusedtosubscribetothecontract.____________（定期）捐赠订阅同意，赞同签字subscription

n.捐助；订阅；签署；同意

subscriber

n.订阅人；定期捐款者suspectv.&n.（1）vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任搭配

suspectsbof(doing)sth

怀疑某人（做了）某事

suspect...tobe/as怀疑……是……Thepolicedon’tknowwhocommittedthecrime,buttheysuspectJones.警察不知道谁作的案，但他们怀疑琼斯。（2）n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象Thepolicecouldn’tprovethesuspect’sguilt.警察不能证实嫌疑犯的罪行。suspicionn.怀疑suspiciousadj.感觉可疑的单句语法填空(1)Somepeoplesuspectedhim__________theft.(2)Thepolicesuspectedthedesigner__________（be）themurderer.完成句子(3)Thetwoofficials_________________（被怀疑）havingreceivedabribe.(4)They_____________________（怀疑他是）acheat.(5)IncaseIforget，please______________（提醒我）mypromise.oftobearesuspectedofsuspecthimtobe/asremindmeof常用“vt.+sb.+ofsth.”短语convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事persuadesb.ofsth.说服某人（相信）某事remindsb.ofsth.使某人回想起某事warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事accusesb.ofsth.控告某人某事curesb.ofsth.给某人治愈某病；改正(某人的不良行为)informsb.ofsth.告知某人某事robsbofsth抢某人的东西blame

vt.&n.（1）vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责

blamesb.for（doing）sth.

因（做）某事责备某人搭配

blamesth.on...

把某事归咎于……

betoblame（forsth.）（对某事）应受责备/负有责任Thearchitectblamedhissonforbreakingthestatue.建筑师责怪他的儿子弄坏了雕像。TheyblamedthefailureonJohn.他们把失败归咎于约翰。Iamtoblameforhislateness.我对他的迟到负有责任。

Don’talwaysblameyourfailureonothers；sometimesyouyourselfaretoblame.不要总是把自己的失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。【误区警示】betoblame

为主动形式，表示被动含义。（2）n.责备；指责搭配

take/beartheblamefor...

对……承担责任

put/lay/placetheblame(forsth)on...(把某事)归咎于……Plasticstaketheblameforthedeathofmanyseacreatures.塑料造成了许多海洋生物的死亡。Thejudgelaidtheblamefor

theaccidentonthedriverofthecar.法官判定这起意外事故要归咎于小汽车司机。单句语法填空(1)Shedoesn’tblameanyone__________

herfather’sdeath.(2)Thenarratorwas__________(blame)forthemisunderstanding.(3)Theythinktheblameshouldbeplaced__________

theconductor.完成句子(4)Ifthathappens,thecoachwill____________________（对……负责）it.fortoblameontaketheblameforhandlen.&vt.（1）n.把手；拉手；柄thehandleofapump泵的手柄（2）vt.处理,应对；操作Herefusedtoallowhissecretarytohandlesecretdocuments.他不让秘书处理机密文件。Pressthebuttonandyoucaneasilyhandlethemachine.按下这个按钮，你就可以很容易地操作这台机器了。handleaproblem/thesituation处理问题/应对局势handledifficultcustomers应付难对付的顾客linkn.&vt.（1）n.联系；纽带Istherealinkbetweensmokingandlungdisease吸烟与肺部疾病之间有关系吗？Forelderlypeople,TVisanimportant

link

withtheoutsideworld.

对老人来说，电视是他们与外界的一个重要纽带。

（2）vt.把……连接起来；相关联搭配

link...to/with...

与……连接/联系Thenewbridgewilllinktheislandtothemainland.新建的大桥把那个岛与大陆连接起来。ThisoldSilkRoadlinkedChinawiththeWestinancienttimes.这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方连接了起来。Televisionstationsaroundtheworldarelinkedbysatellite.全世界的电视台通过卫星联系一起。单句语法填空(1)Regularairtrafficlinksthecity__________therestofthecountry.(2)Therearealotofwireless__________（link）inaradio.(3)Thetelevisioncamera_________（link）toacomputer.完成句子(4)Theroad________________________（把所有的新城镇都连接起来）.(5)Fingerprints_____________________________（把嫌疑犯与犯罪联系起来）.to/withlinksislinkedlinksallthenewtownslinkthesuspecttothecrimedecreasen.&v.（反义词increase）（1）n.减少；降低；减少量搭配 adecreasein......的减少 onthedecrease在减少Therehasbeensomedecreaseinimports.进口货物有所减少。Thenumberofcyclistsrunningtrafficlightsisonthedecrease.骑自行车的人闯红灯的数量正在减少。（2）vt.&vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低

decrease（from...）to...（从……）减少到……搭配

decreaseby...

减少了……

decreasein...在……方面减少Theydecreasedthesizeofthegroupfrom25to15.他们把小组的人数从25人减少到15人。Accordingtothestatistics，theoutputofthegraindecreasedbytenpercentlastyear.据统计，去年粮食产量下降了百分之十。Thisspeciesofbirdisdecreasinginnumbereveryyear.这种鸟的数量在逐年减少。单句语法填空(1)Thenumberofstudentsineachclassis__________

thedecrease.(2)Thedecrease__________

saleswasalmost20percent.(3)Thelatestwarmperiodhascausedthenumberofglacierstodecrease________150in1850to26today.完成句子(4)Recentlythepriceofthehousesinmanybigcities________________________（降低了）10%.(5)Thechargefortransportationis____________________（在减少）becauseoflowerfuelcosts.oninfromhasdecreasedbyonthedecreasethanksto幸亏；由于Thankstoyourhelp，weweresuccessful.由于你的帮助，我们得以成功。【词语辨析】thanksto，owingto，dueto，becauseof单句语法填空(1)Thanks__________

thetimelyrain，thecropsweresaved.(2)Thanks__________

yourinspiration，Isucceeded.辨析填空：thanksto/dueto/becauseof/owingto(3)Hewasoutofwork_________________________aphysicalinjury.(4)Mostoftheproblemswere____________________humanerror.(5)____________________________yourhelp，Igotthepositionadvertisedinthenewspaper.toto

dueto/owingto/becauseofdueto/owingtoThanksto/Owingto/Becauseoftransformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变搭配

transform...（from...）into...

把…（从…）变成…

transform...with...用……来改变……Themagiciantransformedthefrogintoaprincess.魔术师把青蛙变成了公主。Wecantransformtheworldwithourknowledge.我们可以用我们的知识改变世界。Thefiveyearsthathespentontheshiptransformedhim.五年的船上生活使他大为变样。【词语积累】transformationn.转变，转化thegradualtransformationfromwoodlandtofarmland逐渐改林为田的过程单句语法填空(1)Theyhavetransformedthemselves__________permanentcitysettlers.(2)Shetransformedpeople’sattitudetowardsherjob__________herdeterminationandpatience.(3)Hewasstrugglingtomakethe_____________（transform）fromasinglemantoaresponsiblehusband.完成句子(4)Theysuccessfully__________________________（把这家公司变成）aglobalone.(5)Theartgallery____________________（由……改造而成）anoldrailwaystation.intowithtransformationtransformedthecompanyintowastransformedfrommicroscope['maɪkrəskəʊp]n.显微镜micro-微小的microwave(oven)n.微波,微波炉microphonen.麦克风，话筒

-scope...镜

telescopen.望远镜thinkingn．思想；思维；见解creativethinking创造性思维withoutthinking不假思索criticalthinking批判性思维independentthinking独立思考virus['vaɪrəs]n.病毒pl.

viruses

COVID-19新冠肺炎CoronaVirusDisease冠状病毒

疾病COVID-19Pandemic新冠肺炎疫情

pandemicn.(全国/全球性）流行病Thestudentspostthevideoonline,anditgoesviral!viraladj.病毒的，病毒性的findingn．发现；调查结果；研究结果；(法律)判决thefindingsofthesurvey调查发现belongingssavingssurroundingsearnings财产，所有物存款薪水，收入环境initial

adj.最初的；开始的；第一的n．(姓名的)首字母theinitialstage/period最初阶段myinitialreaction我最初的反应initiallyadv.最初地vaccine['væksiːn]:n.疫苗

vaccinate['væksineit]:v.

给...接种疫苗

sbbe/getvaccinatedagainst...

某人接种...疫苗

solidadj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n．固体liquidsandsolids液体与固体丰富的单词和语法积累(accumulation)将为你的成功奠定坚实的基础.Anabundantaccumulationofwordsandgrammarwilllayasolidfoundationforyoursuccess.layasolidfoundationfor...为...奠定坚实的基础castvt.(cast,cast)投掷;投射(光、影子等);向…投以(视线、笑容等)Hedidn'twanttocastashadowontheirhappiness.castashadowover/onsth.投下一片阴影,给…蒙上阴影Themooncastbrightlightover

thegarden.

Anyonewouldbecasteddownbysuchnewsasthat.becastdown(bysth.)(因某事)沮丧，不愉快castasmileto/onsb.=castsbasmile向某人投以微笑castaglanceatsb.将目光/视线

投向...shadow

n．阴影；影子；背光处castashadow投影intheshadowof在……阴影下eyeshadow眼影，眼睑膏pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)vi.(雨)倾盆而下，下大雨pourin使流入，使灌入，大量涌入,蜂拥而来poursth.into...把某物倒进…pourdown流下；(雨)倾盆而下pourout涌出；倒出；倾诉pourcatsanddogs倾盆大雨pouringrain

倾盆大雨Itneverrainsbutitpours.不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。pourcoldwateron/over对…泼冷水abstractadj.抽象的；理性的(反义词：concrete具体的)

n．(文献等的)摘要(1)abstractidea/concept抽象思想/概念intheabstract抽象地；理论上(相当于intheory)Wemaytalkofbeautifulthings,butbeautyitselfisabstract.concrete['kɒŋkriːt]adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的

n.混凝土(反义词：abstract

adj.抽象的)concreteevidence/proposals/proof确凿的证据/具体的建议/具体的证明breakout（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发Thecouplecouldn’tconvinceeachother.Thenaquarrelbrokeout.“发生”:breakout，happen，occur，takeplace,comeabout

都是不及物动词，没有被动语态。breakout:不及物动词短语，不用于被动。(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发breakdown出故障，身体垮掉，谈判失败，消除隔阂breakinto强行闯入，突然开始（笑、唱等）breakin强行进入，打断，搅扰breakthrough有新的重大发现，突破breakup（团体）解散；（关系）破裂defendvt.保卫，保护；防御，防守；辩解；为……辩护defend...from/against(doing)...保护…免受…defendoneselfagainststh.保护自己不受…；为自己辩护defendoneself为自己辩护/辩解defendone'sargument为某人的论点辩护defensiveadj.防御性的，自我保护的defencen.保卫，保护；防御indefenceof为保卫...Thedamwasbuilttodefendtheroadfrombeingwashedawaybythesea.①Thefortcannotbedefended__________anairattack.②Liketheirchildren,parentsareoften________(defend)abouttheirprivatelives.③Thedrunkenmaninworn­outclothesmadeagesturein________(defend).from/againstdefensivedefenceassistantn．助理；助手anassistantteacherintheschool学校的助教theassistanttosb.某人的助理/助手assistv.帮助；援助；协助assistancen.帮助；援助assistsb.withsth.帮助某人某事cometoone’sassistance帮助某人aseniorresearchassistant高级研究助理①IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIamelectedas________(assistance)tomyEnglishteacher.②Itwastheprofessorratherthanhis________(assist)thatwastoblameforwhathadhappenedinthelab.assistantassistantinchargeof主管；掌管I’llbeinchargeofthewholegallerynextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.DoyouknowifLindaiswillingtotakechargeoftheprogrammeIliketogotothestoreswheredeliveryisfreeofcharge(免费).Howmuchdidthegaragechargeforrepairingthecar①charge

n.负责,掌管;

收费;指控;充电量人+inchargeof+事负责/掌管....事+inthechargeof+人由……负责/掌管takechargeof...v.接管……

freeofcharge

免费地

②charge

v.收费;

指控;

充电chargesb.somemoneyforsth.因sth向sb收...（多少钱）

chargesb.with(doing)sth.

控告某人(做)某事【针对练习】(1)Aslongasyou’vepaidinadvancewewon’t_________________delivery．(2)Theman_____

__________thecompanywascharged______spreadingrumorsontheInternet．掌管这家公司的那个人被指控在网上散布谣言。(3)Aweeklater,Ivolunteered_______________Englishstudyinmyclass．一周以后，我自愿负责班级里的英语学习。【答案】(1)chargeyoufor(2)inchargeof；with(3)totakechargeoftracevt.追溯；追踪；查出n．[C]痕迹；[U]遗迹；踪迹trace...backto...追溯……到……=datefrom/backtotrace...to...追查……到……②Hisfatherclaimstobeabletotracethefamilyback_____manycenturiesago.③Thesequotationscannotreadily________(trace)totheirsources.tobetracedgifted

adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的agifteddancer/musicianbegiftedin(doing)sth.

在(做)…方面有天赋(＝betalentedin)begiftedwith

天生具备...gift

n.天赋，天才，才能haveagift/talentfor

有…天赋①Manistheonlycreaturethatisgifted______speech.②Brianis______(gift)inwritingmusic;heislikelytobeaBeethoven.③Ibelievemyfatherisa________(talent)man.withgiftedtalented天才舞蹈演员/音乐家comedownwith患（病）；染上（小病）Hecamedownwithabadcoldlastweek.【归纳拓展】comedown落下,降落;（价格、水平）下降,降低;（狂喜之后）平静下来comeacross偶遇；无意中发现comeabout发生（常与how连用）comeon快点儿；加油；得了吧 comeupwith想出，想到comeout出来；出版；被人所知 cometo共计；达到comeover来访，拜访cometolife苏醒完成句子(5)Salesinourcompany___________（下降）duetotheoutbreakoftheterribledisease.(6)I___________________（偶然碰到了玛丽）whileshoppingdowntownyesterday.(7)It’salready10o’clock.Iwonderhowit_______________（发生）thatsheistwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.(8)Whenthefather’sbusinessfailed，thefamily____________（败落）.(9)Inafewmomentsshesuddenly__________（苏醒过来）.camedowncameacrossMarycomesaboutcamedowncametolifesteadyadj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的steadyaim稳定的目标steadyincome固定的收入steadyjobs固定的工作besteadyinone'sprinciple坚持原则steadily

adv.稳定地；平稳地；稳步地①Heprefers_____steadylife.②Relaxasmucha