自考英语二串讲笔记

/UNIT1重点单词和短语objectiveaccomplishpredictaccompanyattainschemeskilledarguedefineinterviewprospectcourseofactionintheway(bytheway,innoway,inaway)makeaguessatcontributetoandthelike(andsoon)seektodosth.inpartpointofviewvaryfrom…to…applyfor(to)havenoideabringabouttakethetroubletodoputoneselfinone’splacetoone’sadvantageatadisadvantageaskforinhandturndown(up,on,off,out,over,back)重点、难点句子详解1.Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.解析：coursesofaction意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made是过去分词；fromamong为二重介词例：We’llinformyouassoonasticketsbecome_____.(06-4)A.valuableB.capableC.acceptableD.available(D)2.…somesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表示建议意思，后面用虚拟语气。例：Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beheld(hold)atsomeothertime.3.…decisionmakingincludeslimitingalternativesaswellasidentifyingthem.解析：aswellas意思是既…又…4.Infact,Ididhaveseveralquestions,butyouhavealreadyansweredthemall.解析：助动词do在肯定句中用在动词之前表示强调，意思是确实。5.…butdonotletitworryyoutoomuch.解析：动词let,make,have,hear,see,observe等词之后的宾语补足语为省略to的不定式结构。6.Thereislittlelikelihoodthat…对比：Thereisa/every/nolikelihoodthat/of例：Thetwosistersare___inmanyways,notonlyinappearancebutalsointemperament.(06-4)A.likeB.likelyC.alikeD.lively(C)

UNIT2重点单词和短语exertcollapseshrinkbasislaunchconvinceoperaterevolveglitterunlikely(belikelyto)whereasconcerned(beconcernedabout)plateauintheoryapplytodependonresearchintoswallowupmakeuseoftogetherwithineveryrespectinotherwordsconsistofagreatmanyunderthecircumstancesmakeadifferenceaboveallasaruleseektodosth.inpartpointofviewvaryfrom…to…例：Ihopemyboyfriendwillbehandsome,strongand___kind.(06-4)A.aboveallB.inallC.atallD.afterall(A)重点、难点句子详解1.Einsteinclaimedthatmatterandenergyareinterchangeable…例：爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。(05-4-68)2.Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.例1：ItisonFriday___wewillholdthemeeting.A.thatB.whenC.inthattimeD.what(A)例2:Asapainter,Tedwasvery___aboutthecolorsheused.(03-10)A.specificB.specialC.peculiarD.particular(D)3.Theearthisoneofmineplanetswhichmoveinorbitroundthesun.对比：Theearthistheonlyoneofthenineplanetswhichhaslifeonit.4.Thetotalwaterareaisaboutthreetimesaslargeasthelandarea.解析：数词+times+as+形容词+as是表示倍数的表达法。例：Itisimportanttonotethatareadingof4indicatesanearthquaketentimesasstrongasonewithareadingof3.(unit6textB)5.Themorewelearnaboutotherpeople,thebetterweunderstandtheirideas,and,asarule,thebetterwelikethosepeoplethemselves.解析：the+比较级，the+比较级结构，意思是越…越…，第一个从句中谓语动词不用倒装，第二个从句谓语动词可以用倒装，也可以用正装语气。例：___weare,___webecome.A.theoldest;thewiserB.older;wiserC.theolder,themorewiseD.theolder;thewiser(D)

UNIT3重点单词和短语deterioratedebate(on/upon)requestensureoppose(beopposedto)burdensensitiveprivilegeappointbiasaccessiblerecruitbeaffectedwithcarryoutinadditiontointhiscaseopenupcarefortakeintoaccounthave…atheartbesensitivetooptoutofforshortamounttoon(the)averagecompetewithblamesb.forsth.bynaturewhenitcomestoberelatedtobeworthdoing重点、难点句子详解1.Itisveryeasyinsocietynowfortheelderly,thedisabledandthedependenttofeelthattheyareburdens.例：Itisimportant___thereintime.A.foryoutogetB.toyoutogetC.yourgettingD.ofyougetting(A)2.Anditmaybeworthrememberingthat…解析：beworth意思是值得，后面接名词、代词以与主动形式的动名词。3.Manypeople,though,aretotallyagainstthepracticeofeuthanasia.解析：Though是一个起连结性作用的副词，意思相当于however,but.4.“Well,it’snotasifI’mplanningtomurderacrowdofpeoplewithamachinegun.”解析：Asif引出的从句，谓语动词根据实际情况选择用虚拟语气形式还是一般陈述语气。例：Itseemsasifitwerespringnow.使用虚拟语气

UNIT4重点单词和短语domesticexploitcampaignexecuteconvictincidencedeservedespitedeportminimummaintenanceguiltimmigrantweeddenydegradeinhumanecivillibertydisaffectionargumentcircusbringoverwatchoverinunisoncalluppaybackuptoagreatdealofbesupposedtoconvict…offeellikeprotect…fromriskdoingsth.dealwithaccordingtobedeservingofthreatentodosth.agreetodosth.distinguishfromreacttocleanup重点、难点句子详解1.Andtheycanhavetheirpassportsremoved,makingleavingor“escaping”virtuallyimpossible.解析：making…是分词短语，表示结果，impossible做宾补。removed是过去分词作宾补，表示有完成和被动的含义。2.Itis,theysay,therighttochangeemployerswhichdistinguishesemploymentfromslavery.解析：theysay是插入语，本句是一个强调句式，which可以改成that,句子会更正式。3.Sixoutofeverytenprisonersinchainsareblack,whichiswhythechaingangscallupimagesofslaveryincenturiesgoneby.解析：数字+outofevery+数字，意思是每…个中就有…个；which引导非限定性的定语从句修饰前面整个句子;goneby是分词短语修饰centuries表示已经完成。4.Whattheywilldoismakeprisonersmoreangry,morehostile…解析：what引导的主语从句中带有实义动词do,表语不定式可以带to,也可以省略to.

UNIT5重点单词和短语folktransformationdistinctsentimentoriginatespontaneoussynthesisreadilyamplifierelectronicsstudiopenetratingtherebyparticipatemultimedialiveinspireinvariablyimproviseconstructivecreativepreliminarypainstakingconceptiontempermolddiversifiedconventionalharmonyevidenttakeovertakeontakeuptakeovertakeplacebuildoutofinexistenceinasenseatastretchserveasinadvanceforthesakeofbeborninfashionbeginwithitgoeswithoutsayingthat重点、难点句子详解1.Whathappened,aswellasitcanbeputintowords,wasthis.解析：第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词，well是副词修饰put,注意区别aswellas;例:Thosestories,aswellasthisboringone,havebeentoldalmosthundredsoftimes.2.Electronicsdid,infact,makepossiblesoundsthatnoinstrumentuptothattimecouldproduce.解析：make是谓语动词，soundsthatnoinstrumentuptothattimecouldproduce是宾语，possible是宾补前置了，英语中有时为了句子结构的平衡，可对句子结构进行调整。3.Itisdifficulttosummarizethecomposingmethodsofsodiversifiedagroup.解析：so/too+形容词+a/an+名词以与such+a/an+形容词+名词是固定搭配，例如：Hewasnotsobigafoolashelooked.4.ThecreativeactwithPalestrinaisnotthematicconceptionsomuchasthepersonaltreatmentofwell-establishedpattern.解析：not…somuchas…意思是与其说…不如说…，不像…那么…

UNIT6重点单词和短语efficiencyappliancespecificshadeprevalentincreasinglyswitchdefectivespraypersonnelcompletionassemblecastreductioncriticalintensifywarningprecedespeculatepartialreliabilityforecastdecaysubsideanalyzeshiftexposesth./sb.totoadegreeconvert…to/intoprevent…frominbetweenberesponsibleforinquestiondifferfromworkoninthatplentyofbecapableoftoo…tobeonthealertsetupassociatewithbeinvolvedin重点、难点句子详解1.Thus,peoplewhoneedtoexertmuchenergyintheirworkwillfindrelaxationmostdesirableinleisure.解析：exertoneselftodosth.意思是努力做某事；find+宾语+补语（adj,-ing,-ed,不定式，介词短语）。2.Hence,itcanbearguedthatthepeoplewithwhomwecomeintocontactinthesevariouscontextsare…解析：Itcanbearguedthat…是以it作形式主语的被动语态结构，类似的还有：Itissaidthat,Itisbelievedthat,Itisreportedthat,Itisthoughtthat;withwhom…是介词+关系代词的限定性定语从句，修饰people.Comeintocontactwith与…接触3.Itisnothowmuchtimeyouallocateforstudythatcountsbuthowmuchyoulearnwhenyoudostudy.解析：这是一个强调句式，被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语以与从句，可用that,which,who引导。4.Thiswillnotonlykeepthestudyhabitalivebutalsokeepyouuptodateonyourclassassignmentsandprojects.解析：keep+宾语+adj.意思是使…保持某种状态；uptodate意思是最新的，切合目前情况的。

UNIT8重点单词和短语internalexternalovercomedestinationresetneutralfeasibleproceedingalarmpromoteinteractfadedurationmoderatedistractionexceptionalremedyproductivityappreciatemisleadtypicaleffectonblamesth.onsb.=blamesb.forsth.asfreshaspaintnowthatleavealoneoutofstepintimeashortcutcomeacrossduetoattendtofallapartbetrueoflackofathandatonceplayaroleinbefacedwithaccountfortodate=sofar=uptonow重点、难点句子详解1.Confused?SowasJohnFosterDulles,theAmericanSecretaryofState.解析：confused是areyouconfused?的省略句；当以So开头表示与前边情况类似的句子时，要用倒装语序。例如：MybrothercanspeakFrench,socanmysister.2.Itisnotfeasibletowaitfourdaysuntilthebodyisusedtothenewtimezone.解析：it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构，until与not连用，翻译为直到…才，例如：Don’topenthedooruntilthetrainstops.3.Thereisevidence,ofcourse,thatmotivationplaysanimportantroleinovercomingtheeffectsofdistractorsandthatthereareconsiderabledifferencesin…解析：两个that引导的同位语从句，说明evidence;

UNIT9重点单词和短语dependencyupwardsliabilityrevisionlengthenalterproportionappreciationacknowledgeneglectesteemhandleappropriatewithdrawworthlessapproximatetobeclassifiedasratherthaninone’sthirtiesintermsoftakeadvantageofcopewithnoother…thanlookdownonviewasexchange…for例：Itwouldbebettertomakeadecisionnow,___leaveituntilnextweek.(06-4)A.otherthanB.ratherthanC.lessthanD.morethanB重点、难点句子详解1.…becauselotsofdependentbabiesaremoreofaliabilitythannumbersoftheinactiveaged.解析：be+of+名词,表示具有与该名词同源的形容词的性质。例:Thegirlisofbeauty.=Thegirlisbeautiful.Anumberof=numbersof表示一些、若干，谓语动词用复数thenumberof表示…的数目，谓语动词用单数。2.ThereisoftenresistancetotheideathatitisbecausethebirthratefellearlierinWesternandNorthwesternEuropethanelsewhere,ratherthanbecauseofanychangeinthedeathrate,thatwehavegrownsoold.解析：theidea后的that引导同位语从句，同位语从句部分是一个itis…that…结构的强调句型，强调部分是原因状语从句；ratherthan意思是“而不是”。3.Childrenneedhelpunderstandingthattheirself-esteemandtheself-esteemofthosetheyinteractwithhaveadirecteffectoneachother.解析：that引导的宾语从句，包含一个省略that的定语从句，theyinteractwith修饰those;haveaneffecton/upon…对…有影响。

UNIT10重点单词和短语strategyrepresentativedemocraticnomineecertaintydeclinecongressloyaltyprovisionelectionstirpursuedominatecompetitoroppositionnominatecollectivelyautomaticallycontestassaultstandnochanceofidentify…asimpactoneither…or…drawawayfromfocusonlosesth.tosb.innumberbreakupintherunningin/outofpowerinfavorofcomeintopowercarryonanumberofasaconsequenceofasaresultofbreakdown重点、难点句子详解1.Althoughpresidentialelectionsoccurevery4years.解析：occur意思是发生，occurto被想起，例如：Anideahasoccurredtome.2.Indecidingwhethertopursueacourseofaction,theytrytoestimateitslikelyimpactonthevoters.解析：courseofaction意思是行动方案；3.Theadvantageofthesecondpartyoverthethirdissogreatthatitistheonlypartythatislikelytobeabletooverturnthepartyinpower.解析：haveanadvantageover…优于；so…that如此…以至于引导结果状语从句，that引导的状语从句中，包含一个that引导的定语从句。4.Usuallythesmallpartiescollectivelypolllessthan5percentofthevotecastinnationalelection.解析：cast是过去分词。

UNIT11重点单词和短语disorderirrelevantmisleadingsimulatereplaceundergonegativeremarkreliefdepriveprevaildelightfulliteralneverthelesstouchingcontentedimperativedevotionrefinedoresearchintoaimfortake…forgrantedfeelbitteratsacrificetobecentraltodoexperimentonbeirrelevanttobringoutgoingsandcomingsateasepleafornot(never)foramomentcatch/seizeholdof例：你所说的与我们正在讨论的毫不相干。（06-4）重点、难点句子详解1.Thefamousexampleofthalidomideisacaseformoreanimaltesting,notless.解析：for意思是infavorof;support;case案例、病例、实例例：Doctorsbelievethatbadnervesarethecauseofsleeplessnessinninety-nine___outofahundred.A.examplesB.eventsC.instancesD.cases(D)2.Whenitcomestoresearchintoheartdiseaseanditseffectsonthebody,ordiseaseofthebrainforexample,wedonothaveadequatesubstitutesfortheuseofanimals.解析：whenitcomesto是一个固定句型，意思是当谈到…的时候；substitutefor意思是代替、替换，for后面是被替换的对象；例如：Honeycansubstituteforsugar.3.Manyothernewtechniquesarenowavailablethatenablemoreresearchtobedoneinthetesttube…解析：that引导的是定语从句，修饰techniques;available意思是可以应用、使用。

UNIT12重点单词和短语symptomintellectualdetailenhanceinitialconfrontsensitivitysurroundingcharactermodestmiserableadministrationrespectivelyvolunteeridentityprimarilypsychologyundertakegamblebecontrarytoputoffbeconfrontedwithdrawondreamofatseaimpressoninrealityletgoofgazeonbeawareofinone’smind’seyegooverfreefromputaside=setasidebebeneficialtoadduptoatone’sbestinfluenceoninturningeneralmakeadifference例：1.Withallthisdone,Ihavebeenfreed(free)fromalltroublesandresponsibilities.(05-4)2.Althoughsheisverybusy,Mum___sometimeeverydaytoreadtous.A.setsoffB.setsforC.setsasideD.setsupC重点、难点句子详解1.Notonlyaretheylessabletodealwiththepressureofday-to-dayexistence,butalso…解析：notonly放在句首，后面的谓语动词采取倒装形式。2.InanotherexperimentatYaleUniversity,Dr.Jeromefoundthatdaydreamingresultedinimprovedself-controland解析：improved,enhanced都是过去分词做定语，修饰后面的名词词组；resultin意思是导致、结果是。3.“youcanrelatethistowakeningpsychology,wherebeingaloneleadstomoreunhappiness.”解析：where翻译成在刚睡醒的状态下，引导定语从句修饰wakeningpsychology.

UNIT13重点单词和短语compelvoluntarycoincidewitheliminatesubtleoutragetightenexcessivecompetitionencounterseriesassemblydisapprovalresponseataguessgoinforexpecttodosofarassb.knowsattitudetowardstakeiteasyonandoffputanendtoexpectsth.ofsb.inreturnhaveanedgeon/oversolongasapplyoneselftoatpresentonoccasionsitdownoninvainwithaviewto重点、难点句子详解1.becausetheycanputtheiraggressionintotheirwork,beitphysicalliketheworkofasmith,ormentalliketheworkofascientistoranartist.解析：beit…or…意思就是whetheritis…or…,就是一个让步状语从句，省略引导词,be提前；参见教材166页，注释3。2.Sincethebossescannotdowithoutprofit,workershaveanedge.解析：dowithout没有也行；haveanedge有优势。3.Mostpeoplenotdirectlyengagedindailyworkexpressdisapprovalwhentheyhearofpeopleworkingonandoff.解析：engagedin是过去分词短语，修饰people.

UNIT14重点单词和短语devicecapturebelongingconvincesuspectprofoundwrathrestrictionillegalbansuicideindicationeruptionextentqueuefleepledgerejectioninflicttonoavailcommentonconvincesb.todosth.denysth.tosb.commitsuicidecutoff重点、难点句子详解1.That’swhereherpathcrossedthatofMichaelLaSane,who,policesay,wantedjustsuchacartocelebratehis17thbirthday.解析：where引导的是表语从句，crossone’spath意思是与某人相遇；that代指path.2.Hewillnotmakea___onLaSane’ssideoftheconversation.(03-10)A.statementB.referenceC.commentD.note©3.AnditisthisthatinflictsthetrueterriblewoundonSouthAfricansociety.解析：这是一个强调句式，inflictsth.onsb.使某人遭受打击、惩罚。4.Thetensionsarereal,thethreatofaviolenteruptionconstant.解析：thethreatofaviolenteruption后面省略了谓语动词is。

UNIT15重点单词和短语sensiblepersistprofusionlogicevaluateultimateobscureconcreteconquerprolongproofpossessexpansionsecondarypromotiondiplomaawardsociologyestablishmentjournalismdiversityeconomicspulldownmistakeforcometotermswithendinreflectoncomeaboutenabletodorespectformakeoverspeculateononthecontraryasfor/todemandforgotolawagainstgoalongwith重点、难点句子详解1.Factsareterriblethingsifleftspreadingandunexamined