初中定语从句讲解练习及答案

一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名加或代

词的从句叫做定语从句。

定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词

的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的

词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语

和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用'……

的'表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名

园，住逅，数逅，会调，副翅，不定式以

及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个

句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所

修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句

作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置

定语。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的

句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisa

policeman.

2)YoumustdoeverythingthatI

do.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从

句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在

先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,

who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词

where,when>why

关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句

2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一

个成分

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

l.who指人，在从句中做主语

(l)Theboyswhoareplayingfootballare

fromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholost

hisway.

2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常

可省略。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)you

talkedabout.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非

正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjust

nowismyfriend.

3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾

语，做宾语时可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedby

mostboys.(which在句子中做主语)

(2)Thisisthepen(which)hebought

yesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)

4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指

物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语

时可省略。

(5)Thepeoplethat/wh。cometovisitthe

cityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsaw

thismorning?(在句子中做宾语)

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句

中做定语

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisa

doctor.

(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhas

fallenin.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbroken

willsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichis

brokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoloris

yellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorof

whichisyellow?

注：that用法

(1)不用that的情况

(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyears

old,Isveryfamoushere.

(b)介词后不能用。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwe

getourfood.

Wedependonthelandthat/whichweget

ourfoodfrom.

(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代

词的情况

(a)在therebe句型中，只用that,不

用whicho

(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,

theone,all等作先行词时，只用that,不

用whicho

(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,the

same,thelast,just修饰时，只用thato

(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最

高级时,只用that,不能用which。.

(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。

(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时.

(g)为了避免重复.

(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，

that可作关系副词，也可省略

(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时

举例：

Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthe

library?

这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？

Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbe

punished.

谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.

Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthat

hehadstolentothepolice.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

三、关系副词引导定语从句

关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语

关系副词=介词+关系代词

why=forwhich

where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行1词

搭配)

when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先

行词搭配)

1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状

语用来表示地点的定语从句。

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsago

hasbeenpulleddown.

2.when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语

从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirst

cametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinally

came.

［注］表示时间“time”一词的定语从句只用

when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当

然也不用that引导。

BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehad

stayedtherefortwoweeks.

到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待

了两个星期。

IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我

仍然记得我第一次见到她。

Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,he

bringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchas

towels,soap,toothbrushetc。

每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，

如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。

3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状

语

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyou

missedtheplane.

(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooks

unhappytoday.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词

+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefused

theinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewas

goingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathe

wantedwhenhegrewup.

注：1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原

因状语的”介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副

词when,where和why互换。

ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyears

ago.

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyears

ago.

Doyourememberthedayonwhichyou

joinedourclub?

Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoined

ourclub?

Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.

Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.

练习（一）

请分析一下定语从句：（请划出定语从句，

并标出先行词）

1.Checkthewaysyoustudyforan

Englishtest.

2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficult

wasEnglishgrammar.

3.Youcouldn'tunderstandpeoplewho

talkedfast.

4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.

5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn'tlike.

6.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyou

havehadrecently?

8.Hewouldalwaystakepridein

everythinggoodIdo.

9.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherules

thatwehaveinschool.

10.Whataresomeoftherulesthata

teenagershouldobey?

12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollects

them,pleasetellme.

13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouare

talkingwithisquitecommoninsome

countries.

14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoing

this,youcanaskthem.

15.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.

二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who>

whom、whose

1.Thisisthemanwantstosee

you.

2.Thestudentanswered

thequestionisZhangHua.

3.Themanyouwenttosee

hascome.

4.ThemanImetyesterday

lentmesomemoney.

5.Thewomanyou

sawisourgeographyteacher.

6.Therunneryou

areaskingaboutisoverthere.

7.Thepersonyou

shouldwritetoisMr.Ball.

8.Themanwaspassingby

sawwhathappened.

9.Hereisthepenyoulost

thedaybeforeyesterday.

10.Thesebooksyoulent

mewereveryuseful.

11.ThestorybookIhave

justreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.

12.Aclockisamachinetells

peoplethetime.

13.ThisisshirtIbought

yesterday.

14.Adictionaryisabook

givesthemeaningtotheword.

15.Thebookisonthetable

ismine.

16.Thefilmtheyare

talkingaboutisveryinteresting.

17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandthe

placesIhaveevervisited.

18.Isthereanyonefamily

isinBeijing?

19.Showmetheboy

motherisawell-knownsinger.

20.Theboyfatherisateacheris

goodatEnglish.

三、单项选择

()1.YourteacherofChineseisayoung

ladycomesfromBeijing.

A.whoB.whichC.

whomD.whose

()2.What'sthenameofthe

program.

A.whicharelisteningB.

youarelisteningto

C.tothatyouarelisteningD.

thatyouarelistening

()3.Thestudentswereallinterested

youtoldthemyesterday.

A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.

allthatD.ineverything

()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhis

officewasinvited.

A.whomB.whoseC.

thatD.which

()5.Thisisthemuseumwe

visitedlastyear.

A.whereB.inwhichC.

whichD.inthat

()6.Charlietoldhismotherallhad

happened.

A.thatB.whatC.

whichD.who

()7.Doyouknowthestudent?

A.whomIoftentalkB.

withwhoIoftentalk

C.IoftentalkwithD.

thatIoftentalk

()8.1likethehousewindowsface

south.

A.whoseB.who'sC.

it'sD.its

()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthe

dictionary?

A.whatIneedB.IneedC.

whichIneeditD.thatIneedit

()10.TheyoungwomanIspokejust

nowisayoungdoctor.

A.whoB.towhomC.

whomD.that

练习（二）

1.Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsof

youarenotsure.

A.whichB.whatC.asD.those

5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces

couldn'tbefound.

A.thatB.whereC.in

whichD.inthat

6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature

waterchangesintoice.

A.atwhichB.onthatC.in

whichD.ofwhat

7.Thisbookwillshowyoucan

beusedinothercontexts..

A.howyouhaveobservedB.what

youhaveobserved

C.thatyouhaveobservedD.how

thatyouhaveobserved

8.Thereasonisheisunableto

operatethemachine.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.

whether

9.riltellyouhetoldmelast

week.

A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.

which

10.Thattree,branchesare

almostbare,isveryold.

A.whoseB.ofwhichC.in

whichD.onwhich

11.1haveboughtthesamedress

sheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.

what

12.Hefailedintheexamination,

madehisfatherveryangry.

A.whichB.itC.thatD.what

13.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthe

pianistwereintheconcertwe

attendedlastnight.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

14.ThegirlanEnglishsonginthe

nextroomisTom'ssister.

A.whoissingingB.issingingC.

sangD.wassinging

15.Thosenotonlyfrombooksbut

alsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.

wholearn

16.Anyonethisopinionmay

speakout.

A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.

whoisagainstD.whoareagainst

17.Didn'tyouseetheman?

A.InoddedjustnowB.

whomInoddedjustnow

C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.I

noddedtojustnow

18.Canyoulendmethenovelthe

otherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalked

aboutit

C.whichyoutalkedwithD.you

talkedabout

19.Isthereanythingtoyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.that

belongsC.thatbelongD.which

belongs

20.——“Howdoyoulikethebook?^^

——"It'squitedifferentfromI

readlastmonth.^^

A.thatB.whichC.the

oneD.theonewhat

21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthe

pupilsexceptwhohadalreadytaken

them.

A.theonesB.onesC.someD.

theothers

22.Thetrainshewastravellingwas

late.

A.whichB.whereC.on

whichD.inthat

23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer