山西省运城市2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山西省运城市2022-2023学年高一下学期7月期末英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.Wherewillthespeakersprobablygoonholiday?A.Toabeach.B.Toacitypark.C.Tothecountryside.2.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Finishherreport.B.Cleantheclassroom.C.Gotothedoctor’soffice.3.Howisthewomanfeeling?A.Hurt.B.Excited.C.Anxious.4.WhatdothespeakersdiscoveraboutDavid?A.Heishonest.B.Heisshy.C.Heisconfident.5.WhatdoesthemandowhenheneedshelpwithEnglish?A.Heusesatranslationapp.B.HecallshisEnglishfriend.C.Heusesapaperdictionary.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthemandoingnow?A.Readingabook.B.Planningaparty.C.Studyingforanexam.7.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Teachhertousethephone.B.Writeathank-youletter.C.Visithisgrandmother.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Howoftendoesthefestivaltakeplace?A.Everyday.B.Everymonth.C.Everyyear.9.WhatisnotallowedintheOldTownduringthefestival?A.Foods.B.Music.C.Vehicles.10.Whatisthemainreasonforthefestival?A.Tosaveelectricity.B.Tobringtouriststothesea.C.Tocelebratetraditionalculture.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inamuseum.B.Inacoffeeshop.C.Intheman’shouse.12.Whenwillthenextarteventtakeplace?A.Onthe20th.B.Onthe27th.C.Onthe28th.13.Whatcanvisitorsgetforfreeattheevent?A.Aticket.B.Anartwork.C.Drinksandsnacks.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatisthewoman’sproblem?A.Shecan’tfallasleepatnight.B.Shekeepswakingupatnight.C.Shefallsasleepduringtheday.15.Whatisthewoman’sjob?A.Sheisanofficeworker.B.Sheisascientist.C.Sheisateacher.16.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Takesleepmedicine.B.Drinklesscoffee.C.Changeherdiet.17.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacafé.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inadoctor’soffice.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whattypeofcompetitionisthespeakertakingpartin?A.Aspeechcompetition.B.Aracingcompetition.C.Astorycompetition.19.Whateffectwilltherailwaybringaccordingtothespeaker’sresearch?A.Itisbadfornatureinthelongrun.B.Moregreenspaceswillbecreated.C.Morepeoplewillusecarstotravel.20.Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouttheplansnow?A.Unhappy.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOverawaterfallinSouthwesternPennsylvaniaisadazzlinghouse,Fallingwater,byAmerica’smostfamousarchitect,FrankLloydWright,in1935.Theinstantitwasbuilt,itsweptthewholecountryandisrecognizedasaNationalHistoricLandmark.Highlyrecommended!GuidedHouseTourAllthemajorroomsofthehousefeatureinthisone-hourtour.Nophotographyalltheway.Childrensix-year-oldandabovecanaccessthehousewiththeirparents.Adults—$20.00withadvancepurchase—$23.00whenpurchasedonsiteYouth(ages6～12)——$14.00withadvancepurchase—$17.00whenpurchasedonsiteDailyfrom10:00amto4:00pm,exceptWednesday.In-DepthTourThetourcaterstothedemandofthosewhodesireagreaterunderstandingofwhatWrightwasseekingtocreatewithhismasterwork.Thenumberofvisitorsoneachtourislimitedandphotographyisavailableforpersonaluseonly.Childreneightyearsandoldermayaccompanyadultsonthistour.$65.00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)Dailyfrom10:00amto4:00pm.SunsetTourThechanginglightatsunsetprovidesyouwithFallingwaterfromanentirelynewperspective.Thenumberofvisitorsislimitedandphotographyispermittedforpersonaluseonly.Childrenundernine-year-oldarenotpermittedonthistour.$110.00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)JulyandAugust—Dailyat4:45pm.BrunchTourTheguestsjointheirguideforbrunchbeforeleaving.Childrennineyearsandolderareallowedwiththeirparents.Atotalofthreehourscanaffordthisexperience.$115.00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)Saturdays&Sundaysat9:00am.1.Howmuchwillafatherandhis7-year-oldboyspendiftheybuyticketsaheadoftimefortheGuidedHouseTour?A.$34 B.$28 C.$40 D.$512.WhatcanweknowaboutSunsetTour?A.Visitorsarelimitedtoacertainnumber. B.ItisnotaccessibleinAugust.C.Itisonlyopenforteenagers. D.Theticketsareavailableonsite.3.Whatdothefourtoursmentionedhaveincommon?A.Takingphotosisforbidden. B.Brunchisfreeofcharge.C.Advancebookingisencouraged. D.Thepriceofticketsisthesame.〖答案〗1.A2.A3.C【语篇解读】本文是应用文。本文主要介绍美国最著名的建筑师弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特（FrankLloydWright）在宾夕法尼亚州西南部的瀑布上建造了一座名为Fallingwater的令人眼花缭乱的房子，在那里有四个旅行安排。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据GuidedHouseTour部分“Adults—$20.00withadvancepurchase(成人——提前购买，20美元)”和“Youth(ages6～12)——$14.00withadvancepurchase(青年（6～12岁）——提前购买，14美元)”可知，提前购买的话，父亲是成年人，需要20美元，7岁的男孩需要14美元，总共34美元。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据SunsetTour部分“Thenumberofvisitorsislimited(参观人数有限)”可知，在日落旅行中，参观人数是有限制的。故选A。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据GuidedHouseTour部分“Adults—$20.00withadvancepurchase;—$23.00whenpurchasedonsite.Youth(ages6～12)——$14.00withadvancepurchase;—$17.00whenpurchasedonsite(成人——提前购买，20美元；现场购买时为23.00美元。青年（6～12岁）——提前购买，14美元；现场购买时17美元)”，In-DepthTour部分“$65.00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)(65美元/人（仅限提前购票）)”，SunsetTour部分“$110.00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)(110美元/人（仅限提前购票）)”，和BrunchTour部分“$115perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)(115美元/人（仅限提前购票）)”可知，这四个旅行提前订票的价格便宜，所以都鼓励提前订票。故选C。BOccasionally,lifecanbeimpossiblydifficult,anditcanbehardtokeepgoing.Butyoualwayshaveachoice.In2012,Igotacallfrommyfamilysayingthatmyfather’scancerhadfiercelyprogressed.Hediedonlysixmonthslater.Myfatherwasacompleteinspirationtome.HewasalwayssostrongthatIhonestlythoughthewouldcomebacktolife.Icouldn’tbelieveIwouldneveragainhughim.Shortlyafterthat,myoldestsistercomplainedofabackache.Thedoctorsdiscoveredthatshehadhighlyadvancedcancerinherbonesandthattherewasnothingtheycoulddo.Shediedamonthlater.Shewasmyfavoritepersoninthewholeworld.IneverthoughtIwouldhavetolivewithouther.Iwasovercomebytheshockandextremeheartbreak.Then,somethingwaswrongwithmykneesandIendedupinthehospitalmyself.Irememberlyinginthehospitalbed,lookingupattheceilingandseeingmysister’sbeautifulface.IrealizedthatnightthatIhadachoice.IcouldendmylifeorIcouldliveit.Ilookedinmysister’seyesanddecidednottogowithherjustyet.Idecidedtostayandcompletemyjourneyhere.IalsodecidedthatIwouldlivethelifethatIabsolutelylongedfor.Inowliveinanadorablecottagewithanamazingboyfriend.IspendqualitytimewiththerestofmypreciousfamilyandcherisheverymomentIhavewiththem.IconnectwithmyheartoftentoensurethatIamfollowingmyjoy.Ilovemyselfmoredeeplyeveryday.NotadaygoesbywhenIdon’tmissmyfather’shugecharacterormybelovedsister’sgentleeyes,butIknowthatIwillbewiththemoneday.WhatIhavenowissopreciousthatImustgraspthejoyineverymomentIcan.Youchooselifeeveryday.Butdoyouchoosethelifethatyouloveeveryday?4.Whatdidtheauthoroncesufferfrom?A.Aheartattack. B.Abackache.C.Akneeproblem. D.Abonecancer.5.Howshouldthejoyinyourlifebedeterminedaccordingtothepassage?A.Byyourcareer. B.Byyourattitude.C.Byyourhealth. D.Byyourfamily.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribetheauthor?A.Lonelybutambitious. B.Miserablebuteasy-going.C.Hopelessbuthumorous. D.Unluckybutpositive.7.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.EscapetheFate B.LoveYourLifeC.MakeaLiving D.RememberEveryMoment〖答案〗4.C5.B6.D7.B【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者的父亲和姐姐相继离去，给她带来了巨大的打击。但她从痛苦中挣扎过来，对生活有了新的认识，并决心要好好享受生活中的每一点快乐，珍惜生活中的每分每秒。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Then,somethingwaswrongwithmykneesandIendedupinthehospitalmyself.(然后，我的膝盖出了问题，我自己也住进了医院。)”可知，作者的膝盖曾经出了问题。故选C。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“IrealizedthatnightthatIhadachoice.IcouldendmylifeorIcouldliveit.Ilookedinmysister’seyesanddecidednottogowithherjustyet.Idecidedtostayandcompletemyjourneyhere.IalsodecidedthatIwouldlivethelifethatIabsolutelylongedfor.(那天晚上我意识到我有一个选择。我可以结束我的生命，也可以活下去。我看着姐姐的眼睛，决定暂时不和她一起去。我决定留下来，在这里完成我的旅程。我还决定，我会过上我绝对渴望的生活。)”可知，在作者看来，态度决定生活。故选B。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“In2012,Igotacallfrommyfamilysayingthatmyfather’scancerhadfiercelyprogressed.Hediedonlysixmonthslater.Myfatherwasacompleteinspirationtome.HewasalwayssostrongthatIhonestlythoughthewouldcomebacktolife.Icouldn’tbelieveIwouldneveragainhughim.(2012年，我接到家人的电话，说我父亲的癌症病情严重恶化。仅仅六个月后他就去世了。我的父亲给了我很大的启发。他总是那么坚强，我真的以为他会复活的。我不敢相信我再也不能拥抱他了。)”和第三段“Shortlyafterthat,myoldestsistercomplainedofabackache.Thedoctorsdiscoveredthatshehadhighlyadvancedcancerinherbonesandthattherewasnothingtheycoulddo.Shediedamonthlater.Shewasmyfavoritepersoninthewholeworld.IneverthoughtIwouldhavetolivewithouther.Iwasovercomebytheshockandextremeheartbreak.Then,somethingwaswrongwithmykneesandIendedupinthehospitalmyself.(不久之后，我的姐姐抱怨背痛。医生发现她骨骼中患有晚期癌症，他们无能为力。一个月后，她去世了。她是全世界我最喜欢的人。我从没想过没有她我会活下去。我被震惊和极度的心碎所压倒。然后，我的膝盖出了问题，我自己也住进了医院。)”可知，作者很不幸。根据第四段“IrealizedthatnightthatIhadachoice.IcouldendmylifeorIcouldliveit.Ilookedinmysister’seyesanddecidednottogowithherjustyet.Idecidedtostayandcompletemyjourneyhere.IalsodecidedthatIwouldlivethelifethatIabsolutelylongedfor.(那天晚上我意识到我有一个选择。我可以结束我的生命，也可以活下去。我看着姐姐的眼睛，决定暂时不和她一起去。我决定留下来，在这里完成我的旅程。我还决定，我会过上我绝对渴望的生活。)”可知，作者在经历过伤痛之后仍然积极乐观地生活。故选D。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Youchooselifeeveryday.Butdoyouchoosethelifethatyouloveeveryday?(你每天都在选择生活。但是你会选择你每天都热爱的生活吗？)”可知，这篇文章作者想要表达的意思是要热爱生活。故选B。CEndangeredpolarbearsarebreeding(繁殖)withgrizzlybears(灰熊),creating“pizzly”bears,whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange,scientistssay.AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.Andwiththatgrowingcontactbetweenthetwocomeincreasinghybrids(杂交种).Withcharacteristicsthatcouldgivethehybridsanadvantageinwarmingnorthernhabitats,somescientistsguessthattheycouldbeheretostay.“Usually,hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents,butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources,”LarisaDeSantis,anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity,toldLiveScience.Theriseof“pizzly”bearsappearswithpolarbears'decline:theirnumbersareestimatedtodecreasebymorethan30%inthenext30years.Thissuddenfallislinkedpartlyto“pizzly”bearstakinguppolarbears'ranges,wheretheyoutcompetethem,butalsotopolarbears'highlyspecializeddiets.“PolarbearsmainlyconsumedsoftfoodsevenduringtheMedievalWarmPeriod,apreviousperiodofrapidwarming,”DeSantissaid,referringtofatmealssuchasseals.“Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources,likeseabirdeggs,itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.“We'rehavingmassiveimpactswithclimatechangeonspecies,”DeSantissaid.“Thepolarbearistellingushowbadthingsare.Insomesense,“pizzly”bearscouldbeasadbutnecessarycompromisegivencurrentwarmingtrends.”8.Whydopolarbearsmovefurthersouth?A.Tocreatehybrids. B.Toexpandterritory.C.Torelievehunger. D.Tocontactgrizzlies.9.Whatmakes“pizzly”bearsadapttonaturalsurroundingsbetterthantheirparents?A.Broaderhabitats. B.Morefoodoptions.C.Climatepreference. D.Improvedbreedingability.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“atippingpoint”inparagraph5referto?A.Ararechance. B.Acriticalstage.C.Apositivefactor. D.Aconstantchange.11.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Polarbearsarechangingdietsforclimatechange.B.Polarbearshavealreadyadjustedtoclimatechange.C.“Pizzly”bearsareontherisebecauseofglobalwarming.D.“Pizzly”bearshavereplacedpolarbearsforglobalwarming.〖答案〗8.C9.B10.B11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.”（随着世界变暖和北极海冰变薄，饥饿的北极熊被迫越来越向南，在那里它们遇到灰熊，灰熊的活动范围正在向北扩展。）可知北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选C项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“'Usually,hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents,butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources,'LarisaDeSantis,anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity,toldLiveScience.”（范德比尔特大学（VanderbiltUniversity）生物科学副教授拉里萨·德桑蒂斯（LarisaDeSantis）对《生活科学》（LiveScience）说：“通常情况下，杂交种并不比它们的父母更适合它们的环境，但这些杂交种能够寻找更广泛的食物来源。”。）可知更多的食物选择让“小熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选B项。【10题详析】词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段划线词后文“Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.”（事实上，他们从这些来源获得的热量并不能抵消他们在寻找这些来源时燃烧的热量。）及下一句“Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.”（这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。）可知，无法找到食物来源，北极熊很可能被灰熊取代，处于生存的关键点。划线句“Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources,likeseabirdeggs,itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”（尽管所有这些饥饿的北极熊都在努力寻找其他食物来源，比如海鸟蛋，但这可能是它们生存的转折点。），beatippingpoint“转折点”，相当于Acriticalstage（关键阶段）。故选B项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Endangeredpolarbearsarebreedingwithgrizzlybears,creating“pizzly”bears,whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange,scientistssay.”（科学家称，受气候变化的驱动，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”。）和倒数第二段“Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.”（这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。）以及文章大意，可知由于全球变暖，“小熊”的数量正在上升。故选C项。DHaveyoueverbeeninmid-conversationwithsomeone,whenyoulookoverandfindthemstandinginthesamepositionasyouorholdingthesamefacialexpression?Itmayseemliketheyhaveconsciously(有意识地)copiedyou,butitismuchmorelikelythatitisthechameleon(变色龙)effectatplay.Thechameleoneffectistheunconsciousimitation(模仿)ofanotherperson’sgesturesorbehaviour.Justasachameleonattemptstomatchanyenvironment’scolours,peopleacquirethebehaviourofotherstobringthemclosertogetherandhelpmaketheirinteractionssmooth.ThechameleoneffectwasconfirmedinanexperimentbypsychologistsJohnBarghandTanyaChartrandin1999.Thefirstpartoftheirexperimentincluded78people,whoeachspokewithanexperimenter.Duringthetest,BarghandChartrandstudiedwhetherparticipantswouldcopytheactionsofsomeonetheyhadn’tmetbefore,likemovingthefootandtouchingtheface.Thesecondpartmeasuredtheimpactthatcopyingsomeonehasonthepersonbeingimitated.Inthefirststage,participantsincreasedtheirfacetouchingby20%andtheirfootmovementby50%whileinconversationaboutaphotographwiththeexperimenter.Theindividualsweren’tawareofwhattheywerebeingstudiedfor,andthephotographwasusedtocatchtheirattentiontoensureunconsciousacts.Thesecondstageinvolvedhalfoftheparticipantsbeingcopied,andthendeterminingthelikeabilityoftheexperimenter.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhowereimitatedscoredtheexperimenterhigher.Ithasshownthatwhensomeonecopiesourbehaviour,wedevelopmorepositivefeelingsaboutthem.Theseinteractionscouldbeapersonunconsciouslywillingtobeliked,andformingamomentofconnection.Themainreasonsbehindhumans’imitationarepositive.However,whenpeoplecarrythischameleoneffecttotheextreme,theycanlosetheirsenseofself.Thosewhochangetheirentirepersonalitiesindifferentgroupsoftengounnoticed.Butmorecommonsignsofthechameleoneffectareeasiertonotice.Nexttimeyouareinasocialgathering,takealookaroundandyoumightjustseesomechameleonsforyourself.12.Whydopeopleacquireothers’behavior?A.Tograbothers’attention. B.Tobuildabondwithothers.C.Toadjusttothesurroundings. D.Tomatchtheenvironment’scolour.13.Howdidtheexperimenterensureparticipants’unconsciousbehaviors?A.Byhidingacamerafromthem.B.Bykeepingacloseeyeontheiractions.C.Bydistractingtheirattentionfromaphoto.D.Bydirectingtheirattentiontoaphoto.14.Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheexperiment?A.Toomuchofthechameleoneffectcanbepositive.B.Peopleimitatingothersarenoteasytobeobserved.C.Peopletendtoappreciateothersimitatingtheirbehavior.D.Thecopiedmovementshelppeopletofeellessanxious.15.Whichofthefollowingreflectsthechameleoneffectaccordingtothepassage?A.Acomediancopiesacelebrityvividlyonstage.B.Closefriendssharesimilarbehaviorsovertime.C.Studentsadoptteachers’accentsforfuninsecret.D.Peoplechangetheirhabitstocheerupothersonpurpose.〖答案〗12.B13.D14.C15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的研究，告诉我们人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，顺畅互动。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thechameleoneffectistheunconsciousimitation(模仿)ofanotherperson’sgesturesorbehaviour.Justasachameleonattemptstomatchanyenvironment’scolours,peopleacquirethebehaviourofotherstobringthemclosertogetherandhelpmaketheirinteractionssmooth.(变色龙效应是指无意识地模仿他人的手势或行为。就像变色龙试图与任何环境的颜色相匹配一样，人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，帮助他们顺畅地互动)”可知，人们为了与他人建立联系，会习得他人的行为。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Inthefirststage,participantsincreasedtheirfacetouchingby20%andtheirfootmovementby50%whileinconversationaboutaphotographwiththeexperimenter.Theindividualsweren’tawareofwhattheywerebeingstudiedfor,andthephotographwasusedtocatchtheirattentiontoensureunconsciousacts.(在第一阶段，参与者在与实验者谈论一张照片时，触摸脸部的次数增加了20%，脚的动作增加了50%。这些人并不知道他们被研究的目的是什么，照片被用来吸引他们的注意力，以确保他们无意识的行为)”可知，实验者用一张照片吸引参与者的注意力来保证他们的无意识行为，故选D。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Ithasshownthatwhensomeonecopiesourbehaviour,wedevelopmorepositivefeelingsaboutthem.Theseinteractionscouldbeapersonunconsciouslywillingtobeliked,andformingamomentofconnection.(研究表明，当有人模仿我们的行为时，我们会对他们产生更积极的感觉。这些互动可能是一个人无意识地愿意被喜欢，并形成了一个连接的时刻)”可推断出，实验表明人们倾向于喜欢模仿自己行为的人。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thechameleoneffectistheunconsciousimitation(模仿)ofanotherperson’sgesturesorbehaviour.Justasachameleonattemptstomatchanyenvironment’scolours,peopleacquirethebehaviourofotherstobringthemclosertogetherandhelpmaketheirinteractionssmooth.(变色龙效应是指无意识地模仿他人的手势或行为。就像变色龙试图与任何环境的颜色相匹配一样，人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，帮助他们顺畅地互动)”可知，随着时间的推移，朋友之间有相似的行为是变色龙行为，是因为他们经常在一起相处无意识的互相模仿。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项为多余选项。Sportscanhelpcontributetoahealthybodyandgetyouclosetonature.However,whetheryouareonthemountains,inthewaves,oronthegrassland,youshouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatimpactontheenvironment.____16____Golf,asyoumayknow,eatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountryside,butalsotonsofwater.Besides,allsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses(球场)ingoodcondition.____17____Forexample,inthedryregionsofPortugalandSpain,golfisoftenheld,responsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.____18____Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpurse.Simpleandfree,itcanalsokeepyoufit.____19____Expertssaythat20minutesdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxious,sleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.Whateversportyoutakeup,youcanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbe“greengyms”.Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoors,inthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.____20____Andbestofall,it’sfree.A.Itwillcostyoualot.B.Somesportsareresource-hungry.C.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.D.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.E.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.F.Ifyouwalkonaregularbasis,itwillbenefityourheartandbones.G.Moreandmorepeopleareconcernedaboutenvironmentalprotection〖答案〗16.B17.C18.D19.F20.E【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些影响环境的娱乐项目，以及对环境影响较小的运动项目，最后鼓励人们参加那些环保型，耗费资源少的项目来保护环境。【16题详析】下文“Golf,asyoumayknow,eatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountryside,butalsotonsofwater.(你可能知道，高尔夫不仅会消耗大片的乡村地区，还会消耗大量的水资源。)”以高尔夫这项运动为例来说明有些运动消耗资源，B项“有些运动是资源消耗型的。”符合，引起下文，故选B。【17题详析】上文“Besides,allsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses(球场)ingoodcondition.(此外，各种各样的化学药品和巨大的能源被用来保持良好的状态。)”指出各种各样的化学药品和巨大的能源被用来保持良好的状态，空处承接上文，指出这样做的后果，C项“这会对环境造成重大影响。”符合，故选C。【18题详析】上文“Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports(有许多环保运动)”指出有许多环保运动，空处承接上文，D项“竞走是你今天可以从事的项目之一。”指出竞走是环保运动之一，故选D。【19题详析】上文“Simpleandfree,itcanalsokeepyoufit.(简单，免费，它也可以让你保持健康。)”指出竞走的好处，下文“Expertssaythat20minutesdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxious,sleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.(专家说，每天20分钟可以让你感觉不那么焦虑，睡眠良好，并有更好的体重控制。)”指出每天有规律的竞走的好处，F项“如果你经常走路，对你的心脏和骨骼都有好处。”符合，进一步阐述了竞走的好处，同时引起下文，其中“walkonaregularbasis”和下文“20minutesdaily”相呼应，故选F。【20题详析】上文“Butthefinalgoalshouldbe“greengyms”.Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoors,inthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.(但最终目标应该是“绿色健身房”。它们是传统健身俱乐部和现代体育中心的更好替代品。绿色健身房的成员在户外、乡村或其他开放空间进行体育运动。)”和下文“Andbestofall,it’sfree.(最棒的是，它是免费的。)”都在说绿色健身房的好处，由此可知，空处也应描述绿色健身房的好处，E项“开始成为会员并没有特别的要求。”符合，故选E。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inmanyways,GitanjaliRaoisanordinary11-year-old,livelyandchatty,yetherscientificspiritmakesahugedifference.Lastmonth,she____21____thetopprizeattheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallengeforherinvention.What____22____Gitanjali’sworkwasthathercityfacedawateremergencywithtoomuchleadinitswater.“Theideadidn’toccurtome____23____Isawmyparentstrytodowatertests.Theteststripsmayshowinaccurateresults,whichweren’tvery____24____,”sherecalls.Shethensearchedforsuitablematerialswithcontinuedeffortsand____25____foundthatcarbonnanotube(纳米管)sensorscanbeusedtosensechemicals.Gitanjali____26____tobuildasmallbluehoseusingthe3Dprinteratherschoolwithcomputerchipsandabatteryinside.Afreeapp,whichGitanjalidesignedunder____27____fromhercomputerscienceteacher,givesinstantresultsandsendsthedatatoalinkedphonethroughanattacheddevice.Theprocessofdesigningherprojectwasn’talways____28___,though.KathleenShafer,ascientistpairedwithGitanjali____29____herteacherinsummer,_____30_____alongtheway.Intheawardceremony,Gitanjalialsoexpressed_____31_____toherparentsforconstantsupportand_____32_____totry“crazyideas”.Gitanjalireceived$25,000tofurtherdevelopherprogramalongwiththegreat_____33_____ofwinningthecontest.AccordingtoShafer,who_____34_____Gitanjali,“sheshowsalotofmotivationtosolve_____35_____issuesthroughscience”.21.A.offered B.earned C.designed D.presented22.A.exposed B.improved C.inspired D.defined23.A.when B.until C.after D.although24.A.reliable B.disappointing C.predictable D.unbelievable25.A.initially B.immediately C.temporarily D.eventually26.A.pretended B.promised C.managed D.happened27.A.pressure B.command C.instruction D.control28.A.rough B.smooth C.complex D.challenging29.A.as B.to C.from D.after30.A.applauded B.assisted C.criticised D.followed31.A.gratitude B.praise C.concern D.apology32.A.threat B.request C.struggle D.encouragement33.A.honor B.intention C.potential D.announcement34.A.keepsupwith B.getsalongwith C.speaksillof D.thinksmuchof35.A.commercial B.academic C.practical D.systematic〖答案〗21.B22.C23.B24.A25.D26.C27.C28.B29.A30.B31.A32.D33.A34.D35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报导了11岁的普通女孩Gitanjali不平凡的故事，她发明出检测水中铅含量的设备，获得探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：上个月，她的发明获得了探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖。A.offered提供；B.earned获得；C.designed设计；D.presented提出。根据下文“Gitanjalireceived$25,000tofurtherdevelopherprogramalongwiththegreat____13____ofwinningthecontest.”可知，她的发明获了比赛的最高奖。故选B。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：启发Gitanjali创作灵感的是，她所在的城市面临着水铅超标的紧急情况。A.exposed暴露；B.improved改进；C.inspired启发；D.defined定义。根据下文“hercityfacedawateremergencywithtoomuchleadinitswater”可知，她所在的城市面临着水铅超标的紧急情况，因此这种情况启发了Gitanjali的创作灵感，要做出一个东西来解决这个问题。故选C。【23题详析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：直到我看到父母试着做水测试，我才有了这个想法。A.when何时；B.until直到；C.after在……之后；D.although虽然。根据上文“didn’t”和下文“Isawmyparentstrytodowatertests”可推知，until“直到”符合语境，和not搭配构成not…until…的固定结构，意为“直到……才……”，此处表示Gitanjali是直到看到父母试着做水测试，才有了这个想法的。故选B。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试纸可能会显示不准确的结果，这不是很可靠。A.reliable可靠的；B.disappointing令人失望的；C.predictable可预测的；D.unbelievable难以置信的。根据上文“Theteststripsmayshowinaccurateresults”可知，试纸可能显示不准确的结果，因此不是很可靠。故选A。【25题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，她不断努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感知化学物质。A.initially最初；B.immediately立即；C.temporarily暂时；D.eventually最终。根据上文“Shethensearchedforsuitablematerialswithcontinuedefforts”可知，她不断努力寻找合适的材料，因此是最终才发现了碳纳米管传感器这种合适的材料。故选D。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gitanjali用学校的3D打印机成功制作了一个蓝色的小软管，里面有电脑芯片和电池。A.prete